울산만의 Dioxins 거동 시뮬레이션

김동명,허민지,김선영,석지원,노경준,조현서,옥곤 해양환경안전학회 2011 해양환경안전학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.06

다이옥신은 내분비계장애물질(Endocrine disruptor chemicals, EDCs)로 발암성과 성호르몬의 변화, 갑상선 기능 저하 등의 영향들이 보고된 물질이며, PCB 함유제품의 소각, 운송수단의 배기 가스등을 통해 대기로 배출되며 하·폐수 처리장의 처리수 및 제지 공장의 배출수 등의 하천 오염을 통해 해양 오염의 원인이 된다. 본 연구에서는 3차원 생태계 모델(EMT-3D)을 사용하여 울 산만의 Dioxins을 대상으로 민감도 분석 및 오염부하에 대한 해역의 응답성 분석을 수행하여 영향인자를 판별하고 대안에 따른 영향을 평가하였다. 대상해역에서 실측한 용존 Dioxins의 농도와 계산된 용존 Dioxins의 농도를 비교하여 상관계수와 결정계수 값을 고려한 결과 계산치가 비교적 잘 재현된 것으로 사료된다. 용존 Dioxins의 경우, 하천으로부터의 유입부하가 집중된 울산 인근해역에서 가장 높은 농도를 나타내었으며, 만 바깥쪽으로 갈수록 낮아졌다. 입자성 유기물질 내와 식물플랑크톤 체내의 Dioxins의 경우에서도 용 존 Dioxins와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 퇴적물 중의 Dioxins 농도는 울산만 동부해역에서보다 울산 인근 해역과 만 중앙부에서 더 높은 농도를 나타내었다. 계수의 민감도 분석을 위해 모델 보정에 적용된 계수값에 대하여 각 계수값의 2배 및 1/2배에 해당하는 값을 증감시켰을 때 나 타나는 상태변수 결과값의 변동량을 산정하였다. 수층의 용존 Dioxins의 경우 입자성 유기탄소에 대한 분배계수의 증감에 따른 농도변화가 가장 크게 나타났으며, 유기입자 내 Dioxins의 경우는 입자성 유기탄소에 대한 분배계수의 증감에 따른 농도변화가 가장 영향이 큰 계수로 나타났다. 식물플랑크톤 체내의 Dioxins의 경우는 식물플랑크톤의 생물농축계수의 증감에 따른 농도변화 가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났으므로, 추후의 Dioxins에 대한 모델 적용 시에는 목적하는 상태변수에 따라 이들 계수에 대한 정밀한 고찰이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 유입부하의 변화가 대상해역의 용존 Dioxins 및 입자성 유기물질 내 Dioxins에 미치는 영향을 시뮬레이션하기 위하여 하천 및 대기로 부터 유입되는 오염부하의 저감율을 30%, 50%, 80%로 각각 적용하는 시나리오를 구성하였으며, 퇴적물에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 용존 Dioxins은 해역으로의 유입부하를 30% 저감하였을 경우 울산만 중앙부에서의 농도가 감소하는 것으로 나타났 으며 입자성 유기물질 내 Dioxins의 변동은 상대적으로 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 해역으로의 유입부하 50% 저감시의 경우 농도가 감소하는 영역이 확장되어 나타났으며, 해역으로의 유입부하를 80% 저감하였을 경우 대부분의 지역에서 큰 폭의 농도 감소를 나 타내었다. 퇴적물 준설 후 현재 유입부하를 적용할 경우 현재의 퇴적물 농도 수준까지 도달하는 시간을 개략적으로 산정하였다.

Assessing ecotoxicological effects of 2,3,7,8‑TCDD, 1,2,3,7,8‑PeCDD, and 2,3,4,7,8‑PeCDF in soil using Allivibrio fischeri

이성종,하홍주,조은혜 한국응용생명화학회 2019 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.62 No.6

The toxic effect of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds have largely been studied using in vivo techniques; however, in vivo studies can be limited when rapid screening is required. Microtox ® can be used as a rapid ecotoxicity assessment tool for dioxins in the environment, but studies on the assessment of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds using bioluminescent bacteria Allivibrio fischeri are limited. This study investigated the potential of using A. fischeri for assessing different dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, and the toxic effects of soils contaminated with dioxins and dioxinlike compounds were tested using different fractions of dioxins in soil to determine the appropriate way of assessing the toxic effects of contaminated soils. The results show that A. fischeri can potentially be used as a test species for rapidly evaluating toxic effects of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in the environment. With the soil used in this study, the toxic effects of the water extracts (i.e., mobile fraction of dioxins) and the soil slurries (i.e., bioavailable fraction of dioxins) were similar to that of the controls. This suggests that the toxicity assessment of the organic extracts (i.e., total amount of dioxins) can be inappropriate in a managerial perspective, as the mobile or bioavailable fraction of contaminants in soils is often more of concern than the total amount of contaminants present in soils. Overall, when A. fischeri are to be used for a rapid toxicity assessment of dioxins-contaminated soils, different fractions of dioxins need to be assessed for better management of the contaminated soils.

경북북부 인삼 재배 토양 중 Dioxins의 잔류

김정호 ( Jung Ho Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2012 한국환경과학회지 Vol.21 No.4

PCDDs(Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins) and PCDFs(polychlorinated dibenzofurans) are measured in soil of Yeungju and Sangju on North Gyeongbuk to investigate the risk assessment of dioxins. Dioxins are analyzed by HRGC/HRMS(high resolution gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometer). 2,3,7,8-T4CDD and 1,2,3,7,8-Pe5CDD in soil on Yeungju and Sangju are not detected. Also, 2,3,7,8-T4CDF is not detected in soil on Yeungju and Sangju. PCDDs and PCDFs in Yeungju soil are 1.957 pg/g and 0.294 pg/g, respectively. Total of dioxins in Yeungju soil are 2.251 pg/g. PCDDs and PCDFs in Sangju soil are 1.220 pg/g and 0.420 pg/g, respectively. Total of dioxins in Sangju soil are 1.640 pg/g. PCDDs and PCDFs in Yeungju soil are 0.0049 pg WHO-TEQ/g and 0.0123 pg WHO-TEQ/g, respectively. Total of dioxins with PCDDs and PCDFs in Yeungju soil are 0.0172 pg WHO-TEQ/g. PCDDs and PCDFs in Sangju soil are 0.0065 pg WHO-TEQ/g and 0.0213 pg WHO-TEQ/g, respectively. Total of dioxins with PCDDs and PCDFs in Sangju soil are 0.0278 pg WHO-TEQ/g. Amount for pg/g concentration unit of PCDDs is higher than amount of PCDFs in soil. But, WHO-TEQ of PCDFs is higher than WHO-TEQ of PCDDs in soil.

Investigation on Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans and Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Korean Fruits and Dietary Intake Estimation

Geun-Hyoung Choi,Dal-Soon Choi,Su-Myeong Hong,Oh-Kyoung Kwon,Hee Soo Eun,김정한,김진효 한국응용생명화학회 2012 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.55 No.3

Contamination levels of 17 polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins (PCDDs)/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) were investigated on six major fruits consumed in Korea. Dioxin level was monitored on whole fruits. Average concentrations of PCDD/Fs were 0.042 pg/g fresh weight (f.w.) (apple), 0.0094 pg/g f.w. (grape), 0.1843 pg/g f.w. (mandarin orange), 0.2282 pg/g f.w. (peach), 0.1491 pg/g f.w. (pear), and 0.1330 pg/g f.w. (persimmon). For DL-PCBs, the average concentrations were 0.0932 pg/g f.w. (apple), 0.2649 pg/g f.w. (grape), 1.5437 pg/g f.w. (mandarin orange), 0.1942 pg/g f.w. (peach), 0.4591 pg/g f.w. (pear), and 0.4396 pg/g f.w. (persimmon). The major toxic equivalency (TEQ) contributors were identified as 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzop-dioxin in PCDD and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran in PCDFs. Most residual DL-PCBs showed no contribution to total TEQ values. The lowest TEQ level was recorded in peach (0.0161pg-TEQWHO/g f.w.), and the highest TEQ level was found in mandarin orange (0.0448 pg-TEQWHO/g f.w.). Total estimated daily intake (EDI) of dioxins from the six fruits was calculated at 3.8159 pg-TEQWHO/day, which is 1.59% of Korean tolerable daily intake based on 60 kg body weight.

Investigation on Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans and Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Korean Fruits and Dietary Intake Estimation

Choi, Geun-Hyoung,Choi, Dal-Soon,Hong, Su-Myeong,Kwon, Oh-Kyoung,Eun, Hee-Soo,Kim, Jeong-Han,Kim, Jin-Hyo The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemisty 2012 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.58 No.3

Contamination levels of 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) were investigated on six major fruits consumed in Korea. Dioxin level was monitored on whole fruits. Average concentrations of PCDD/Fs were 0.042 pg/g fresh weight (f.w.) (apple), 0.0094 pg/g f.w. (grape), 0.1843 pg/g f.w. (mandarin orange), 0.2282 pg/g f.w. (peach), 0.1491 pg/g f.w. (pear), and 0.1330 pg/g f.w. (persimmon). For DL-PCBs, the average concentrations were 0.0932 pg/g f.w. (apple), 0.2649 pg/g f.w. (grape), 1.5437 pg/g f.w. (mandarin orange), 0.1942 pg/g f.w. (peach), 0.4591 pg/g f.w. (pear), and 0.4396 pg/g f.w. (persimmon). The major toxic equivalency (TEQ) contributors were identified as 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in PCDD and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran in PCDFs. Most residual DL-PCBs showed no contribution to total TEQ values. The lowest TEQ level was recorded in peach (0.0161 pg-$TEQ_{WHO/g}$ f.w.), and the highest TEQ level was found in mandarin orange (0.0448 pg-$TEQ_{WHO/g}$ f.w.). Total estimated daily intake (EDI) of dioxins from the six fruits was calculated at 3.8159 pg-$TEQ_{WHO}/day$, which is 1.59% of Korean tolerable daily intake based on 60 kg body weight.

HRGC/HRMS를 이용한 국내유통 육류 중 다이옥신류 분석

최동미,허수정,정지윤,원경풍,Choi, Dongmi,Hu, Soojung,Jeong, Jiyoon,Won, Kyungpoong 한국분석과학회 2001 분석과학 Vol.14 No.1

식품 중에 미량 존재하는 다이옥신류를 분석하기 위하여 육류인 소고기 돼지고기 닭고기를 서울 춘천 대전 광주 부산의 5대 도시 시장 등에서 채취하여 HRGC/HRMS를 이용한 동위원소희석법으로 분석하였다. 시료를 균질화하여 Soxhlet 추출 후 지방함량을 측정하고 정제를 하여 dioxin 7종, furan 10종 및 co-planar PCB 3종에 대하여 HRGC/HRMS로 분리능 10,000에서 분석하였다. 각각의 congener에 대한 회수율은 80-153%이었으며, 검출한계는 congener에 따라 차이는 있었으나 S/N>3에서 0,01ppt 수준이었다. 대상시료의 검출량을 WHO-TEF에 의한 TEQ로 산출한 결과 다이옥신의 평균잔류수준은 소고기 0.018, 돼지고기 0.008, 닭고기 <0.001 pgTEQ/g이었으며, non-ortho co-planar PCBs의 평균잔류수준은 소고기 0.008, 돼지고기 0.002, 닭고기 0.001 pgTEQ/g으로 닭고기의 오염수준이 제일 낮게 나타났다. 또한 분석시료에서 다이옥신류의 분포패턴을 살펴보면 OCDD의 비율이 상대적으로 높게 나타났으며, co-planar PCBs의 경우는 77번의 비율이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. To measure the levels of dioxins in food selling at local markets, meat was analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution ass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). The food samples were obtained from 5 large cities of Seoul, Chunchon, Daejon, Kwangju and Busan in Korea. All the samples were minced and extracted with Soxhlet extractor for 18 hours. After extraction, extracts were cleaned up by sulfuric acid impregnated silica gel, purified on a series of silica gel, alumina, carbon column chromatography and then analyzed by HRGC/HRMS. The contaminated levels were calculated as the TEQs by multiplying with the corresponding WHO-TEFs for each congeners. The overall recoveries were ranged from 80% to 153% and the limit of detection was about 0.01 ppt at S/N>3. The levels of PCDD/Fs for beef, pork and chicken were 0.018, 0.008 and <0.001 pgTEQ/g, respectively. In addition, the levels of non-ortho-co-planar PCBs for beef, pork and chicken were 0.008, 0.002 and 0.001 pgTEQ/g, respectively. Among food samples analyzed, chicken showed the lowest level of dioxin-like compounds. Regarding congener pattern, OCDD and PCB #77 were the highest contributing congeners.

Dioxin 동족체와 Guanine 사이의 상호작용 효과에 관한 AM1/PM3 연구

송영대 ( Young Dae Song ),이갑용 ( Gab Yong Lee ) 대구가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2009 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.7 No.1

To investigate the interaction with the binding site of dioxin receptor of dioxins, we analyzed the structure and energy for the 2,3,7,8-TCDD- and 1,3,6,8-TCDD-DNA base pair complex, respectively, by calculation using the semiempirical AM1 and PM3 methods. It was found that the guanine plays an important role in the formation of an energetically stable complex with dioxin. Particularly, toxic 2,3,7,8-TCDD is easily bound with the dioxin receptor, and the complex is nearly planar and most energetically stable. However, the structure of 1,3,6,8-TCDD is distorted, and the value of absolute hardness(η) increases. The extent of these toxicity were related to the quantum chemical quantities, binding energy(Ebind), enthalpy of formation(Hf), dipole moment(μD), interaction energy(ΔE) and absolute hardness(η) and absoluted electronegativity(χ) in relationship between HOMO and LUMO energy(△E) for the PCDDs and its derivatives.

A Study of Operating Characteristic of Thermal Desorption and Indirect Thermal Oxidation Process for Dioxin Remediation in the Soil

하상안,박준성 한국환경기술학회 2020 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.21 No.5

In this research, the optimal parameters were calculated for purification soil contaminated with dioxin using experiments with thermal desorption and indirect thermal oxidation treatment. After analyzing the experimental results, the optimal operating parameters were obtained by evaluating the overall oil contaminations removal efficiency and economic efficiency in the binding process and a separate thermal desorption process. The results of the research were as follows. 1) the effectiveness of the method in cleaning soils from dioxin contaminants; 2) the optimal parameters for the complete decomposition of dioxin compounds, namely the temperature range from 450 °C and a constant processing time of 25 minutes; 3) an experiment with an artificial sample showed that the stage of subsequent oxidation of exhaust gases at a temperature of 950 °C completely eliminates the problem of residual concentrations of dioxin. Through the results of this study, it was confirmed that the soil purification criteria (dioxin 100 pg-TEQ/g or less) were met, and the factors necessary for the operation of the demonstration plant were studied.

Thermal Treatment and Decontamination of PCBs- or Dioxins-laden materials

( Alfons Buekens ),( Zhifu Qi ),( Tong Chen ),( Shengyong Lu ),( Xiaodong Li ),( J. H. Yan ),( Kefa Cen ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2023 I-CIPEC Vol.2012 No.0

High Serum-Induced AhRL Is Associated with Prevalent Metabolic Syndrome and Future Impairment of Glucose Tolerance in the Elderly

김영미,최훈성,Wook-Ha Park,임수열,P. Monica Lind,Lars Lind,이홍규 대한내분비학회 2021 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.36 No.2

Background: High circulating levels of dioxins and dioxin-like chemicals, acting via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), havepreviously been linked to diabetes. We now investigated whether the serum AhR ligands (AhRL) were higher in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and in subjects who had developed a worsened glucose tolerance over time. Methods: Serum AhRL at baseline was measured by a cell-based AhRL activity assay in 70-year-old subjects (n=911) in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study. The main outcome measures were prevalent MetS andworsening of glucose tolerance over 5 years of follow-up. Results: AhRL was significantly elevated in subjects with prevalent MetS as compared to those without MetS, following adjustmentfor sex, smoking, exercise habits, alcohol intake and educational level (P=0.009). AhRL at baseline was higher in subjects who developed impaired fasting glucose or diabetes at age 75 years than in those who remained normoglycemic (P=0.0081). The odds ratio(OR) of AhRL for worsening glucose tolerance over 5 years was 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 1.81; P=0.003, continuous variables) and 2.81 (95% CI, 1.31 to 6.02; P=0.008, in the highest quartile) adjusted for sex, life style factors, body mass index,and glucose. Conclusion: These findings support a large body of epidemiologic evidence that exposure to AhR transactivating substances, suchas dioxins and dioxin-like chemicals, might be involved in the pathogenesis of MetS and diabetes development. Measurement of serum AhRL in humans can be a useful tool in predicting the onset of metabolic disorders.