일부 대형빌딩 근무자에서 sick building syndrome의 위험요인에 관한 연구

백재중,조수헌,박병주,강대희,Baik, Jae-Joong,Cho, Soo-Hun,Park, Byung-Joo,Kang, Dae-Hee 대한예방의학회 1997 예방의학회지 Vol.30 No.1

A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for symptoms associated with sick building syndrome in four office buildings located in Seoul. Information on personal factors, job-related factors, and medical history were collected using self-administered questionnaires modified from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Indoor Air Quality questionnaire in 321 office workers in these buildings. The prevalence of general and irritant symptom groups was higher than the prevalence of dermatologic and respiratory symptom groups. Daily total work time, work time in the office, and work time with video display terminals (VDT) were identified as the risk factors for symptom groups associated with sick building syndrome by multiple linear logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, these results indicated that the symptom prevalence in this study is similar with the results reported from previous studies conducted in other countries and work time and work with VDT are related to sick building syndrome in Korea.

새 학교 건물 내 실내공기질이 재실자의 안구에 미치는 영향

김우재,김선덕,김효진,김호현,이철민,김윤신 한국안광학회 2011 한국안광학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목적: 신축된 대학교 건물 내에서 수업 등을 수강하는 대학생들을 대상으로 실내공기질이 안구증상 및 새집증후 군 증상 등의 눈에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 방법: 수도권에 위치한 대학교 신축건물을 선정하여, 1개학과 대학생들을 대상으로 실시하였다. 총 참여대상자는 33명이었고, 개개인의 특성 파악을 위해 사전 설문조사(성별, 연 령, 흡연여부, 콘택트렌즈 착용여부, 음주여부 등)를 실시하였다. 1차 실내유해물질 및 연구조사에 참여한 대상자들 의 설문조사(1차) 및 안구증상은 10월 학기 중에 실시하였고, 2차 조사는 2개월 후인 12월 학기말에 실시하였다. 실 내공기질 측정은 1차 설문조사 시와 2차 설문조사 시 측정하였으며 실내공기 중 가스상 물질인 알데하이드류 및 휘 발성 유기화합물을 측정하였다. 결과: 새 건물 내 실내공기질 평가항목 중 폼알데하이드는 1차 측정 시 22.90 mg/ m3, 2차 측정 시 16.79 mg/m3로 감소되었고, 그 외 대부분 물질에서도 1차 입주 시 높은 결과를 보였다. 총휘발성 유기화합물은 1차 측정 시 448.54 mg/m3, 2차 측정 시 62.55 mg/m3로 통계적으로 유의하게 감소되었다(p<0.05). 눈 의 자극 증상은 안구증상 등 임상평가에서 1차와 2차 노출에 따른 연구참여자들의 건성안 유발이 확인되었으며, 1 차와 2차 측정을 비교한 결과, 2차 측정시의 오전은 1차에 비해 건조감이 심해졌다. 결론: 재실자는 오전에 비해 오 후에 건조안이 증가하는 것으로 평가되었고, 안구에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 알데하이드류 및 휘발성 유기화합물의 실 내공기질 측정결과와 안구증상과의 연관성에서 유해물질에 의한 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 일관성 있는 결과는 도 출되지 않았다. Purpose: This study was to find out the influence on eyes of indoor air quality in college students taking course, such as Sick-building syndrome symptoms and effects on the eye in new-built university buildings. Methods: We selected a new building in a university located in Metro Seoul and college students in a department for the study. The number of total participants was 33, to whom questionnaire surveys were conducted in advance to check individual traits (gender, age, whether to smoke, whether to wear contact lenses, or whether to drink). The first questionnaire surveys and checking of ocular symptoms to first indoor hazardous materials were conducted in October and two months later the second surveys and checking were carried out in December. The indoor air quality was measured when conducting the first questionnaire surveys and the second questionnaire surveys; especially measurements of gaseous materials such as aldehydes and VOCs in the indoor air were conducted. Results: Indoor air quality of the new building was as follows: formaldehyde level was 22.90 mg/m3 in the first measurement and 16.79 mg/m3 in the second measurement. In addition, most materials showed higher value in the first measurement. The level of TVOC was statistically significant (p<0.05) decreased on 448.54 mg/m3 in the first and 62.55 mg/m3 in the second. In clinical assessments to check ocular symptoms caused by eye irritations, dry eye syndrome was found in the first and second exposures. When comparing the first and second assessments, dry eyes deteriorated in the morning of the second attempt compared to the first one. Conclusions: In the survey of ocular symptoms and the measurement of indoor air quality, the level of formaldehyde was measured higher in the second attempt than the first; thus, it was confirmed the influence of indoor air quality in a new building upon ocular symptoms of occupants.

신축학교 교실의 친환경자재 마감에 따른 실내공기질 평가

이정재,최석용,김상희 대한건축학회지회연합회 2006 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.8 No.1

In recent years, school buildings are poorly ventilated because of airtightness for energy savings. It leads to reduce the quantity of natural ventilation in the buildings. Therefore, the existing natural ventilation systems can cause the lack of fresh outdoor air and the poor exhaust of indoor air. And Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and indoor environment grow worse. Especially, Formaldehyde (HCHO), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) which is emitted from the building materials and coating material etc. occur Sick School Syndrome. The elementary or middle school students are spending their much time at school in the period of their growing. Accordingly, school environment for students' activities, but nevertheless the environmental pollution and indoor air quality in schools are not much concerned.In this study, the filed survey and the analysis of indoor air quality applying healthy environment materials at classroom are performed for the newly-built schools. Base on the results the indoor air quality database of existing school buildings is constructed to prepare the counterplan for the improvement of indoor air quality.

오피스 빌딩 실내환경 특성이 인체에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이경희,하미경,조유정 대한건축학회 2006 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.22 No.12

The purpose of this study is to assess the characteristics of self-reported symptoms of workers in office buildings with HVAC system, and also to provide better workplaces in terms of comfort and health. The methods employed in this study include literature review, field observations, and survey. The self-reported symptoms of workers such as headache, fatigue, itching and dryness regarded as SBS symptoms commonly occur after around 3:00 pm and are relieved after leaving their office buildings. according to results in previous studies, above are possibly related to CO2 concentrations. Therefore, it is necessary to improve indoor air quality by increasing the amount of fresh air input.It was found that work environment factors and the satisfaction on indoor environment are all associated with worker's health. Hopefully, this overview of current work environments concerning the level of satisfaction and health problems of workers would help create healthier indoor environment.

신축된 초등학교 학생에서 눈 자각 증상과 알레르기 증상과의 관계

심정규,김호현,이용원,임영욱,박주희,김광진,김효진 한국안광학회 2012 한국안광학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the relationship between ocular and allergy symptoms in children by environmental pollutants emitted from new constructed building. Methods: Two different types of survey (6-Item Dry Eye Questionnaire and Ocular Surface Disease Index) were used to study dry eye syndromes and ocular subjective symptoms for a six-grade of elementary school students (54 males and 61 females) in newly built buildings in the past three month, located near capital city, Seoul. Atopy and medical history of allergic rhinitis were investigated with using questionnaire for allergy, and also nose itchiness and ocular symptoms were checked as visual analog scale(10-score) with using questionnaire of allergy rhinitis and conjunctivitis under the guideline of ARIA(Allergic Rhinitis Impacts on Asthma). Results: Fifty seven students (50%) from DEQ and 19 students (16.52%) from OSDI were diagnosed as dry eye, and 18 students (15.79%)were diagnosed as dry eye from both questionnaires. It was surveyed that 45 students (39.5%) and 29 students (25.4%) had atopy and allergy rhinitis, respectively. Among 45 students having atopy, 30 students and 8 students were diagnosed as dry eye with using DEQ and OSDI, respectively. And also, 22 students were diagnosed as dry eye by DEQ and 5 students were diagnosed as dry eye by OSDI from 29 students having allergy rhinitis. Among 29 students having both medical history atopy and allergy rhinitis, 15 students detected observable ocular symptom. The complicating allergy symptoms with ocular syndrome were arranged with sneeze, nose itchiness,nose stuffiness, and runny nose in order of frequency. As students recognized eye symptoms, the number of allergy found and student's number were increased proportionally. Conclusions: It was found that children's subjective ocular symptoms were confirmed in the environment as newly built building. The number of student for dry eye was proportionally increased to students having atopy and allergy symptoms. 목적: 오래된 건물에 비해 환경 오염 물질이 많이 방출될 것이라 여겨지는 신축된 초등학교에 다니고 있는 어린이들의 눈 자각 증상과 알레르기 증상의 관련성에 대해 알아보았다. 방법: 수도권에 위치하고 있으며 신축한지 3개월이 지난 초등학교에서 수업을 듣는 6학년 115명(남학생 54명, 여학생 61명)을 대상으로 dry eye questionnaire(DEQ)와ocular surface disease index(OSDI)를 이용하여 건성안과 전반적인 눈 증상에 대해 자각 증상을 설문하였다. 알레르기 관련 설문은 아토피와 알레르기 비염의 과거력을 조사하였고, allergic rhinitis impacts on asthma(ARIA) 지침의알레르기 비결막염 설문을 사용하여 코간지러움과 눈증상에 대해 10점 척도의 visual analog scale로 체크하였다. 결과:DEQ의 설문 조사에서 57명(50%)의 학생이, OSDI식 설문 조사에서는 19명(16.52%)의 학생이 건성안으로 진단되었으며, 두 가지 설문에서 모두 건성안으로 진단된 학생은 18명(15.79%)으로 조사되었다. 아토피와 알레르기 비염을가지고 있는 학생은 각각 45명(39.5%)과 29명(25.4%)이었다. 아토피를 가지고 있는 학생 중 건성안을 보인 학생은DEQ를 이용했을 때 30명, OSDI를 이용했을 때 8명이었다. 또한 알레르기 비염을 가지고 있는 학생 중 건성안을보인 학생은 DEQ을 이용했을 때 22명, OSDI를 이용했을 때 5명이었다. 아토피와 비염 모두 과거력이 있는 29명의학생 중에 15명이 눈에 자극을 자각하였다. 눈에 자극과 함께 중복으로 자각하는 알러지 증상으로는 재채기, 코 간지러움, 코 막힘, 콧물의 순서로 많이 나타났으며, 눈에 자극을 자각한 학생일수록 중복하는 알레르기 수와 학생 수가 비례적으로 증가하였다. 결론: 신축된 학교 건물과 같은 환경에서 생활하는 어린이들의 눈 건강 상태에서 눈의자극 증상이 조사되었으며, 아토피나 알레르기 비염 증상을 가진 학생들에게서 건성안 증상 호소가 더 많은 것을확인할 수 있었다.

키토산 겔을 이용한 포름알데하이드 차폐 시트 개발

김소연(So-Yeon Kim),김미소(Mi-So Kim),탁상민(Sang Min Tak),이지환(Ji Whan Lee),심소연(So Yeon Sim),주은희(Eun Hee Joo),김성배(Sung Bae Kim),김창준(Chang-Joon Kim) 한국생물공학회 2014 KSBB Journal Vol.29 No.3

Sick-building syndrome occurs when indoor air is polluted with harmful volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde which are contained in furniture or new building materials. In this study, formaldehyde-shielding chitosangel sheet was developed and its performance was evaluated. Chitosan and agar were dissolved in acetic acid solution. The optimal concentrations of chitosan, acetic acid and agar were 3, 3, and 2.5 %(w/w). Formaldehyde was spreaded on gypsum board and then wall paper was attached on it by using glue. When chitosan-gel sheet was attached on this control board, the amount of formaldehyde released from the board was decreased by 63% than in control board. On the other hand, decrease in formaldehyde releasing was only 32% when liquid solution of chitosan was spreaded on the control board. This result clearly indicates that chitosan-gel sheet removes formaldehyde more effectively than liqud solution of chitosan. Furthermore, this type of sheet is more applicable to new building than spraying type.

기능성 석고보드의 폼알데히드(HCHO) 저감성능 평가를 위한 실물시험(Mock up test)연구

김혜정(Hea-Jeong Kim),송규동(Kyoo-Dong Song),이윤규(Yun-Gyu Lee) 대한설비공학회 2008 설비공학 논문집 Vol.20 No.12

The purpose of this study was developing the building materials for creation the comfortable IAQ. By reducing formaldehyde(HCHO) known as the main factors of Sick House Syndrome. This material must be revealed the physical and eco-friendly performance, so this study set up the basic standards for building materials. The source of physical performance evaluation is Korea Industrial Standards and the base of environmental ability is the Eco Label considering certificated system related to an apartment house. Because the developed material was satisfied with the established standards, it was tested in mock-up room for obtaining the real date from indoor air. The mock-up test was conducted according environmental standard method for indoor air Quality of the ministry of environment. The result of this study were as follows: the functional building materials had a effect to reduce the formaldehyde concentration for a initial period without wall paper, so additional development is needed for application with the wall paper and the available period.

사무소 建物의 공기질 향상을 위한 이산화탄소 농도제어에 관한 연구

박문수(Park Moon Soo),김병선(Kim Hyung sun),이경회(Lee Kyung HoI) 한국퍼실리티매니지먼트학회 2000 한국퍼실리티매니지먼트학회지 Vol.2 No.2

This paper aims at simple methodolgy that can improve the CO2 concentration control based on HVAC(Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning) engineer experiences. The airtightness in present intelligent buildings are usually dependent on HVAC system. But most HVAC system that are controlled voluntary by engineer s experience cause sick building syndrom , which is a new disease. This paper first analyzes CO2 concentration pattern in an intelligent building. We then formulates a simple methodology that is characterized by linear functions. An automatic control mechanism is developed using the functions and a software tool is implemented. According to these results, the methodology advanced in this paper is better than the HVAC control using HVAC engineer s experiences.

사무실 근로자들의 실내공기질 인식에 관한 기초 조사 (K대학교를 중심으로)

신은영,김광희 (사)한국교육녹색환경연구원 2017 교육·녹색환경연구 Vol.16 No.3

Indoor Air Quality(IAQ) affects physical and mental state of person who is residing indoor. Also, it manages daily life condition of Indoor Air in the building. According to the study, office workers spend 23 hours and 12 minutes, about 97% of his/her day indoor. Therefore, Indoor air quality affects not only the health of the person whose staying inside for a long hours but also the productivity and efficiency of work. This study conduct investigations on employees’ awareness of indoor air quality of office in university. By doing so, we are able to determine current situation and provide basic data of improvement for derived problems. As a result, most of the respondents were not satisfied with ventilation and moisture which are elements of Indoor Air Quality. These led people to struggle with symptoms of health. Therefore, to improve the indoor air quality of a university office, it is necessary to exchange the air six times an hour according to recommendation of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)in the United States. Also, plan for Ventilation system that consider temperature, humidity and air flow indoor shall be provided for high quality conformability. furthermore, It is necessary to consider the multilateral in factors of generation of revenue through health care savings of workers and improvement of productivity. 실내공기질(Indoor Air Quality, IAQ)은 실내에 상주하는 이용자의 심신에 영향을 주는 공기의 질이라고 정의할 수 있으며, 보통 일상생활을 영위하는 건물 내부의 공기상태이다. 과거에 비해 많은 사람들이 실내에서 거주하는 시간이 증가하였고, 생활수준이 높아짐에 따라 건강에 영향을 미치는 실내공기질에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 사무실 근로자의 경우, 하루의 약 97%인 23시간 12 분을 실내에서 보내는 것으로 조사되었는데, 오랜시간 거주하는 근로자의 특성상 실내공기질은 건강뿐 아니라 업무 생산성과 효율성에도 영향을 미치는것으로 발표되었다. 따라서 향후, 대학 사무공간의실내공기질의 개선을 위해서는 전 세계적으로 공인된 미국의 냉동공조학회(ASHRAE)의 권고 사항처럼 1시간에 6회 이상의 공기 교환이 이루어 져야 할것이며, 질 높은 쾌적함을 위해서 온습도 및 기류까지 고려한 환기시스템 계획이 세워져야 한다. 또 외기공기 유입을 막아 무조건적인 에너지 비용의 저감만을 강요할 것이 아니라, 적절한 환경 제공을 통해기대되는 근로자의 의료비 절약과 생산성 향상을 통한 수익 발생 등의 요인을 고려해야 할 것이다.

플러쉬아웃 공기 온도에 따른 신축공동주택의 실내 오염물질 저감효과에 관한 연구

이승림,조성원,유지현,조가영 한국태양에너지학회 2022 한국태양에너지학회 논문집 Vol.42 No.1

In this study, the effect of flush-out temperature on indoor pollutant reduction was studied in a thermal environment chamber, whose design resembles that of a residential building. The results of this study and those of previous studies were compared. The measurement was carried out at 11°C and 16°C following a 6-day flush-out at. Consequently, the pollutants decreased by compared to 56% ~ 78% in previous studies. The flush-out had a reduction effect on the pollutants even at low temperatures. When compared with field measurement results, the effect of the pollutants reduced by flush-out temperature was different; however, it was confirmed that the flush-out has some effect of reducing pollutants even at low temperatures. By comparing the current results with those of field and chamber experiments conducted in previous studies with a t-test, the p-value was 0.05 or higher, indicating that the number of temperature-induced ventilations in the entire dataset was not a significant factor in the pollutant reduction effect. Therefore, based on the t-test analysis results of pollutant reduction effect by temperature, it was confirmed that the higher the temperature, the greater the pollutant reduction effect, 13% to 80%. The difference in the reduction effect by temperature varied for each pollutant.