유아용 조제 분유가 치태 pH에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

정우진,이상훈,한세현 大韓小兒齒科學會 1998 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.25 No.1

Infant formula in nursing bottle, with inappropriate feeding habits, is major factor associated with the development of nursing caries. Although each infant formula has different carbohydrate and protein composition, studies comparing cariogenic potential of many Korean-branded infant formulas are deficient. In addition, it is on the point of being difficult to evaluate the cariogenecity of milk due to development of many infant formulas. In this study, to evaluate the cariogenic potential of many infant formulas, after oral rinse with six Korean-branded infant formulas(three milk based formulas, one soy based formula and two specific formulas for infants with allergy to milk protein and with lactose intolerance) for ten adult volunteers(eight males and two females), plaque pH change was measured with In vivo/In vitro combination technique and results were as follows. 1. All six different kinds of Korean-branded commercial infant formulas dropped the plaque pH significantly(p<0.05) and at an hour after rinse, plaque pH was not recovered in most of subjects. 2. Soy based infant formula and casein-hydrolyzated infant formula containing no casein dropped the plaque pH significantly more than milk based infant formula containing casein(p<0.05). 3. In the milk protein of infant formulas, casein had more effect on buffering the pH change of the infant formula than whey protein and casein-hydrolyzated infant formula had a refuced effect of casein. 4. In infant formulas with similar protien composition, infant formula containing sucrose dropped plaque pH more than infant formula containing lactose, but there was no significant difference(p>0.05).

The Magnesium-Rich Formula for Functional Constipation in Infants: a Randomized Comparator-Controlled Study

Marc A. Benninga,MENA Infant Constipation Study Group,Yvan Vandenplas 대한소아소화기영양학회 2019 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.22 No.3

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of the magnesium (Mg)-enriched formula vs. control formula in constipated infants. Methods: An open-label, interventional, and the comparator-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Mg-enriched formula in formula-fed infants ≤6 months old presenting with functional constipation according to modified Rome IV criteria. Infants were randomized 1:1 to intervention or control formula for 30 days. Parents recorded stool consistency (hard, normal, or watery) and frequency on days 1–7 and 23–29. Physicians recorded patient baseline characteristics and performed the clinical examination at the time of three patient visits (baseline, day 8, and 30). Results: Of the 286 recruited infants, 143 received the Mg-rich formula and 142 received the control formula. After 7 days, significantly more infants had stools with normal consistency with the Mg-rich formula compared to the infants fed with the control formula (81.8% vs. 41.1%; p <0.001). The number of infants passing one or more stools per day was increased at day 7 in the Mg-rich formula group (86.7% vs. 68.2%; p <0.001). At days 7 and 29, >25% of infants responded completely to the Mg-rich formula compared to <5% of infants fed with the control formula ( p <0.001). Parents of infants in the Mg-rich formula group were very satisfied with the treatment (80.8% vs. 10.2%), with the majority willing to continue treatment after 30 days (97.9% vs. 52.6%; p <0.001). Conclusion: The Mg-rich formula significantly improved stool consistency and frequency compared to the control formula in constipated infants.

The Magnesium-Rich Formula for Functional Constipation in Infants: a Randomized Comparator-Controlled Study

Benninga, Marc A.,MENA Infant Constipation Study Group,Vandenplas, Yvan The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2019 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.22 No.3

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of the magnesium (Mg)-enriched formula vs. control formula in constipated infants. Methods: An open-label, interventional, and the comparator-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Mg-enriched formula in formula-fed infants ${\leq}6$ months old presenting with functional constipation according to modified Rome IV criteria. Infants were randomized 1:1 to intervention or control formula for 30 days. Parents recorded stool consistency (hard, normal, or watery) and frequency on days 1-7 and 23-29. Physicians recorded patient baseline characteristics and performed the clinical examination at the time of three patient visits (baseline, day 8, and 30). Results: Of the 286 recruited infants, 143 received the Mg-rich formula and 142 received the control formula. After 7 days, significantly more infants had stools with normal consistency with the Mg-rich formula compared to the infants fed with the control formula (81.8% vs. 41.1%; p<0.001). The number of infants passing one or more stools per day was increased at day 7 in the Mg-rich formula group (86.7% vs. 68.2%; p<0.001). At days 7 and 29, >25% of infants responded completely to the Mg-rich formula compared to <5% of infants fed with the control formula (p<0.001). Parents of infants in the Mg-rich formula group were very satisfied with the treatment (80.8% vs. 10.2%), with the majority willing to continue treatment after 30 days (97.9% vs. 52.6%; p<0.001). Conclusion: The Mg-rich formula significantly improved stool consistency and frequency compared to the control formula in constipated infants.

Effect of Probiotic-Fortified Infant Formula on Infant Gut Health and Microbiota Modulation

어주영,이철상,문성호,전주영,Duleepa Pathiraja,박병혁,신민재,이재영,김상종,노영배,김윤한,최인걸,김세헌 한국축산식품학회 2023 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.43 No.4

Compared to infant formula, breast milk is the best source of nutrition for infants; it not only improves the neonatal intestinal function, but also regulates the immune system and gut microbiota composition. However, probiotic-fortified infant formula may further enhance the infant gut environment by overcoming the limitations of traditional infant formula. We investigated the probiotic formula administration for one month by comparing 118 Korean infants into the following three groups: infants in each group fed with breast milk (50), probiotic formula (35), or placebo formula-fed group (33). Probiotic formula improved stool consistency and defecation frequency compared to placebo formula-fed group. The probiotic formula helped maintaining the level of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), which had remarkably decreased over time in placebo formula-fed infants (compared to weeks 0 and 4). Moreover, probiotic formula decreased the acidity of stool and considerably increased the butyrate concentration. Furthermore, the fecal microbiota of each group was evaluated at weeks 0 and 4. The microbial composition was distinct between each groups, and the abundance of healthpromoting bacteria increased in the probiotic formula compared to the placebo formulafed group. In summary, supplementation of probiotic infant formula can help optimize the infant gut environment, microbial composition, and metabolic activity of the microbiota, mimicking those of breast milk.

국내 조제유의 영양성분 규격기준 설정 방안

김동연,김복희,최혜미 대한지역사회영양학회 1996 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.1 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutrition quality of the commercial infant formulas and to seek the solution to the establishment of the standard of nutrient requirements for infant formula in Korea. Nutrition informations were obtained from the labels of nineteen commercial infant formulas manufactured by 3 different companies, and the actual amounts of some nutrients were analyzed and compared to the labeled amounts. In addition, the nutrient composition of the commercial infant formulas was compared to the composition of breast milk, RDA for infants, and Codex standard for infant formula. The kind of minerals, vitamins and special components added to the commercial infant formulas were the major differences among 3 manufacturers. For some nutrients, the analyzed amounts were lower than the labeled amounts. In addition when different batches of the same kind of infant formula were analyzed, the large variations in the amounts of certain nutrients were noted. These data suggest that the nutrition labeling informations need to be validated, and nutrients added to the formulas are to be homogenized thoroughly. In order to solve these problems, therefore, like other countries, we need to establish the standard of nutrient requirements for infant formulas. Considering the available data on breast milk composition, RDA for infants and coordination with the international standard, we suggest the adoption of the Codex standard for infant formula may be the best way to manage the nutrition quality of commercial infant formulas at the present time.

극소 저체중출생아에서 강화된 모유와 미숙아 전용분유가 성장 및 임상에 미치는 효과

최희원,김묘징,이영아,정진아 대한소아청소년과학회 2008 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.51 No.7

Purpose:A prospective, controlled trial was conducted to evaluate growth, efficacy, safety and nutritional status for very low birth weight infants fed with human milk fortified with Maeil human milk fortifier (Maeil HMFⓇ; Maeil Dairies Co., Ltd.). Methods:We enrolled 45 premature infants with a birth weight <1,500 g and gestational age <33 weeks, who were born at Dong-A University Hospital from October, 2006 through December, 2007. They were divided into 2 groups: infants in one group were fed with human milk fortified with HMFⓇ, and the second were fed with preterm formula. Growth, biochemical indices, feeding tolerance, and other adverse events in each group were assessed serially and compared relatively. Follow-up data were also collected after discharge at 1, 3, and 6 months corrected age. Results:Characteristics of the 2 groups including average gestational age, birth weight, sex, respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, and other adverse events (sepsis, retinopathy of prematurity, and intraventricular hemorrhage) showed no significant difference. Average feeding start day (8.00±3.27 d vs. 8.86±5.37 d) (P=0.99) and the number of days required to reach full feeding after start feeding (41.78±20.47 d vs 36.86±20.63 d) (P=0.55) were not significantly different in the group fed human milk fortified with HMFⓇ when compared with the group that was fed preterm formula. The duration of total parenteral nutrition and the incidence of feeding intolerance also showed no differences between the 2 groups. Although infants fed with human milk fortified with HMFⓇ showed faster weight gain than those fed with preterm formula at the end stage of the admission period, other growth indices of the two groups showed no significant difference. No significant correlations were found between the 2 groups with regard to weight gain velocity, height gain velocity, head circumference velocity, and post- discharge follow up growth indices. Conclusion:Premature infants fed human milk fortified with HMFⓇ showed no significant difference compared with those fed preterm formula in growth, biochemical indices, and adverse events. Using human milk fortifier can be an alternative choice for very low birth weight infants, who need high levels nutritional support even after discharge from NICU. (Korean J Pediatr 2008;51:704-712) Purpose:A prospective, controlled trial was conducted to evaluate growth, efficacy, safety and nutritional status for very low birth weight infants fed with human milk fortified with Maeil human milk fortifier (Maeil HMFⓇ; Maeil Dairies Co., Ltd.). Methods:We enrolled 45 premature infants with a birth weight <1,500 g and gestational age <33 weeks, who were born at Dong-A University Hospital from October, 2006 through December, 2007. They were divided into 2 groups: infants in one group were fed with human milk fortified with HMFⓇ, and the second were fed with preterm formula. Growth, biochemical indices, feeding tolerance, and other adverse events in each group were assessed serially and compared relatively. Follow-up data were also collected after discharge at 1, 3, and 6 months corrected age. Results:Characteristics of the 2 groups including average gestational age, birth weight, sex, respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, and other adverse events (sepsis, retinopathy of prematurity, and intraventricular hemorrhage) showed no significant difference. Average feeding start day (8.00±3.27 d vs. 8.86±5.37 d) (P=0.99) and the number of days required to reach full feeding after start feeding (41.78±20.47 d vs 36.86±20.63 d) (P=0.55) were not significantly different in the group fed human milk fortified with HMFⓇ when compared with the group that was fed preterm formula. The duration of total parenteral nutrition and the incidence of feeding intolerance also showed no differences between the 2 groups. Although infants fed with human milk fortified with HMFⓇ showed faster weight gain than those fed with preterm formula at the end stage of the admission period, other growth indices of the two groups showed no significant difference. No significant correlations were found between the 2 groups with regard to weight gain velocity, height gain velocity, head circumference velocity, and post- discharge follow up growth indices. Conclusion:Premature infants fed human milk fortified with HMFⓇ showed no significant difference compared with those fed preterm formula in growth, biochemical indices, and adverse events. Using human milk fortifier can be an alternative choice for very low birth weight infants, who need high levels nutritional support even after discharge from NICU. (Korean J Pediatr 2008;51:704-712)

Association of infant feeding practices in the general population with infant growth and stool characteristics

Youngshin Han,Eun-Young Chang,Jihyun Kim,Kangmo Ahn,Hye-Young Kim,Eun-Mi Hwang,Dianne Lowry,Colin Prosser,Sang-Il Lee 한국영양학회 2011 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.5 No.4

This was a prospective cohort study of 976 infants from birth to 12 months of age. Infants were fed breast milk, goat infant formula, cow infant formula, or a combination of formula and breast milk during the first 4 months of age. Data on type of milk feeding and infant growth (weight and height) were collected at birth and at 4, 8, and 12 months during routine clinical assessment. The number and consistency of bowel motions per day were recorded based on observational data supplied by the mothers. Infants fed breast milk or goat or cow infant formula during the first 4 months displayed similar growth outcomes. More of the infants fed cow infant formula had fewer and more well-formed bowel motions compared with breast-fed infants. The stool characteristics of infants fed goat formula resembled those of infants fed breast milk.

Association of infant feeding practices in the general population with infant growth and stool characteristics

Han, Young-Shin,Chang, Eun-Young,Kim, Ji-Hyun,Ahn, Kang-Mo,Kim, Hye-Young,Hwang, Eun-Mi,Lowry, Dianne,Prosser, Colin,Lee, Sang-Il The Korean Nutrition Society 2011 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol. No.

This was a prospective cohort study of 976 infants from birth to 12 months of age. Infants were fed breast milk, goat infant formula, cow infant formula, or a combination of formula and breast milk during the first 4 months of age. Data on type of milk feeding and infant growth (weight and height) were collected at birth and at 4, 8, and 12 months during routine clinical assessment. The number and consistency of bowel motions per day were recorded based on observational data supplied by the mothers. Infants fed breast milk or goat or cow infant formula during the first 4 months displayed similar growth outcomes. More of the infants fed cow infant formula had fewer and more well-formed bowel motions compared with breast-fed infants. The stool characteristics of infants fed goat formula resembled those of infants fed breast milk.

일부 모유 영양아와 인공 영양아의 혈중 타우린 함량 비교

조금호,김을상,Cho Kum-Ho,Kim Eul-Sang 동아시아식생활학회 2005 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.15 No.4

The propose of this study was to investigate taurine intake in formula-fed and breast-fed infants and to estimate the level of taurine of blood and urine in order to determine the requirement of taurine intake in infants. These results will be useful to suggest the guideline of requirement of taurine intake and may contribute toward the proper use of breast milk substitutes. Experimental groups were breast-fed infants (n=10) and formula-fed infants (n=10) of 20 normal delivery infants in general hospital. This study was longitudinal study from birth up to 16weeks (0 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 16 weeks). The items of test were anthropometry(weight, height, head circumference, chest circumference), intake of taurine, taurine level of blood and urine in breast-fed and formula-fed infants. There were no significant differences between breast-fed and formula-fed infants in weight, height, head and chest circumference. There is a need for future studies of exclusive infants with larger samples to determine which growth pattern should be considered as the norm. Taurine concentration of plasma and urine did not differ between breast-fed and formula-fed infants. Taurine intake recommendations for infants is about 30mg/day from this study. This data will be useful for production of human-like formula milk and suggestion of an index of selection of a consumer in taurine.

모유영양아와 인공영양아의 성장과 에너지 및 단백질대사에 관한 종단적 연구

구재옥,최경숙,김원경 대한지역사회영양학회 1996 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.1 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate growth performance, energy and protein metabolism of breast and formula fed infants from birth to 3 months postpartum. There were four groups : breast fed(BF) and three formula fed groups(FFM, FFN and FFP). There was no significant difference in the height of infants according to feeding method and formula brands. However, mean weight of FFM was significantly higher than that of FFP and BF at 1 and 3 months postpartum, respectively. Mean head circumference of FFN was lowest among groups. The average intake of breast milk was $781.4{\;}{pm}{\;}119.3m{\ell}/day$ and that of formula was $848.6{\;}{pm}{\;}118.5m{\ell}/day$. Mean apparent digestible energy intakes of formula-fed infants and breast-fed infants during 3months were 568.9 $\pm$146.9 kca1/day and 657.9$\pm$212.8 kca1/day, respectively. The average protein intake of brest-fed and formula-fed infants were 8.3$\pm$1.6g/day and 14.1$\pm$14.1 g/day, respectively. The protein intakes of formula-fed infants were significantly higher than those of breast-fed infants at 1, 2, 3 months. The apparent protein digestibility of breast-fed infants was singnificantly higher compared to formula fed infant. These data suggest that RDA for infants be established and breast feeding be encouraged.