소방관의 피부 온도감각 역치와 감각 중성역

김시연(Siyeon Kim),박준희(Joonhee Park),이주영(Joo-Young Lee) 한국생활환경학회 2014 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.21 No.6

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in cutaneous thermal sensation thresholds and the inter-threshold sensory zone between firefighters (8 males) and non-firefighters (9 male students). The results showed that; 1) firefighters’ skin temperatures on the hand and calf were higher than those of students (p<.05); 2) firefighters perceived warmth on the calf and foot at a lower skin temperature (Tsk) than students, whereas cool sensations on the hand and calf were perceived at a higher Tsk in firefighters (p<.05); 3) the sensitivity to detect warmth or coolness was greater in firefighters than in students (p<.1); 4) the most thermally insensitive body regions were the calf and foot for both warming and cooling (p<.05); 5) the difference in the inter-threshold sensory zone was particularly noticeable on the forehead (4.0±0.8°C for firefighters, 6.6±1.1°C for students, p=.073), calf (6.6±0.7°C for firefighters, 10.0±1.4°C for students, p=.061), and foot (6.0±1.2oC for firefighters, 9.9±1.2°C for students, p=.033). In summary, firefighters had a tendency to perceive warmth at a lower Tsk and coolness at a higher Tsk, faster at an identical speed of warming/cooling, and had a narrower range of the inter-threshold sensory zone than students on the extremities of the body. These findings indicate that firefighters’ peripheral skin is thermally more sensitive when compared to nonfirefighters, which suggests that firefighters’ skin does not manifest habituation due to long-term heat adaptation.

Retirement Management of FIREFIGHTERS in KOREA

Ryu Sang il J-INSTITUTE 2017 International Journal of Human & Disaster Vol.2 No.2

Among the ways to improve the treatment of firefighters, firefighter retirement management is important, and to look at the previous studies, many results derived show that firefighters are worried about life after re-tirement because there is poor practice of retirement management due to lack of retirement management sys-tem. Thus, this study attempts to examine the retirement management system of public firefighters to improve the treatment for firefighters, and to investigate current problems and future improvement strategies. To im-prove the retirement management of Korean fire bodies, the following should be urgently improved. First, the public firefighter’s retirement management system should be settled. Currently, in the case of firefighting organ-izations, the regulations on retirement management are insufficient, and there is also a lack of legal and institu-tional arrangements for dedicated organizations, personnel and/or programs. Because of this, public firefighters are complaining about the inconvenience that they should do their own retirement management themselves. Since the retirement management system is so insufficient as compared to other private companies and general public officers and police officers, the legal system for firefighter retirement management should be provided first. Second, it is necessary to establish a special organization that specializes only in retirement management in the firefighting organization, and it is necessary to employ the appropriate personnel for the firefighting re-tirement management organization and operate various retirement management programs. Third, it is neces-sary to maintain a cooperative relationship with other organizations’ retirement management systems, such as introducing private retirement management programs and attracting beneficial lectures, by benchmarking or-ganizations that are currently performing well in retirement management such as private companies. This is because retirement management of firefighting organizations is at the basic stage, and it is considered that the linkage with other organizations will have a synergy effect. Lastly, firefighters have insufficient retirement man-agement owing to the difficulty managing every single day without thinking about the future because they have difficulty in working conditions and environment. Therefore, if the firefighters’ working environment and treat-ment are urgently improved, it is judged that there is room for mind enough to consider retirement management.

Relationship between ways of coping and posttraumatic stress symptoms in firefighters compared to the general population in South Korea

Lee, Jung Hyun,Park, Subin,Sim, Minyoung Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press 2018 Psychiatry Research Vol.270 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Professional firefighters frequently encounter stressful events in the line of duty, which may lead to the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). However, it remains unclear how PTSS relates to ways of coping in this population. We evaluated the differences in ways of coping between firefighters and the general population, and we determined the relationship between ways of coping and PTSS in both groups. Professional firefighters (<I>N</I> = 212) and adults from the general population (<I>N</I> = 500) completed measures of potentially traumatic events (PTEs), the Ways of Coping Checklist, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Participants who reported experiencing at least one PTE also completed the Impact of Events Scale-Revised to assess PTSS severity. Firefighters showed greater use of problem-focused coping, seeking social support, and wishful thinking than did the general population. In the firefighters group only, there were negative correlations between PTSS and problem-focused coping and seeking social support; however, the opposite was found in the general population. This study identified the unique relationship between ways of coping and PTSS in professional firefighters. Our findings highlighted that active coping, including problem-focused and seeking social support, might play a key role in alleviating firefighters’ post-traumatic stress reactions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Professional firefighters were more likely to use problem-focused coping and seeking social support than were the general population. </LI> <LI> The greater use of either problem-focused coping or seeking social support was associated with less PTSS in firefighters, but the opposite valence of these relationships was found in the general population. </LI> <LI> Our findings have revealed the unique role of active coping in dealing with stress among professional firefighters. </LI> </UL> </P>

Pulmonary function decline in firefighters and non-firefighters in South Korea

Ju-Hwan Choi,Jae-Hong Shin,Mi-Young Lee,In-Sung Chung 대한직업환경의학회 2014 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.26 No.-

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare changes to pulmonary function among firefighters and non-firefighters who were exposed to harmful substances in their work environments. Methods: Firefighters (n = 322) and non-firefighters (n = 107) in Daegu who received a pulmonary function test in 2008 and 2011 as well as a regular health examination were included. Repeated measures ANOVA was performed to evaluate the pulmonary function of the two groups over the three-year period. Results: After adjusting for age, height, body mass index, duration of exposure, physical activity, and smoking, which were statistically different between the two groups and known risk factors of pulmonary function, the forced expiratory volume in one s FEV1, forced vital capacity FVC, and FEV1/FVC% over the 3 year period were significantly lower among firefighters compared with non-firefighters. Conclusions: Evaluating the working environment of firefighters is difficult; however, our study revealed that pulmonary function declined in firefighters. Thus, more effort should be made to prevent and manage respiratory diseases early by preforming strict and consistent pulmonary function tests in firefighters.

Emotional labor and job types of male firefighters in Daegu Metropolitan City

Sung Kyu Park,Han Cheol Heo,Joon Sakong,Man Joong Jeon 대한직업환경의학회 2019 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.31 No.-

Background: Research on the emotional labor of firefighters is actively being carried out, but studies that analyze emotional labor separately by job types, working departments, and other conditions of firefighters are insufficient. The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in emotional labor level between departments and other conditions of firefighters. Methods: A total of 287 Korean firefighters were included for analysis. The demands of emotional labor and emotional damage were measured using the Korean Emotional Labor Scale. To analyze the conditions and factors affecting the emotional labor level of the firefighters, logistic regression analysis was performed using the emotional labor high risk group as a dependent variable. Results: The average score of overall emotional labor level of the firefighters was 47.2 ± 17.3, and the prevalence of high risk firefighters with emotional labor was 27.1%. It was found that the emergency medical service and administration departments showed a higher prevalence of high risk emotional labor firefighters than did other departments. The result of multiple logistic regression analysis for the high risk emotional labor firefighters showed that the adjusted odds ratio of emergency medical service department compared to the reference group (the rescue department) was 2.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–8.24). Conclusions: Among the firefighters, the emergency medical service department is a high risk factor for emotional labor. Therefore, education and prevention training on emotional labor should be more thorough before work shifts

소방공무원에서 부분 외상후 스트레스 장애의 심리적특성 및 기능적 자기공명영상 특징과 안구운동민감소실 및 재처리요법을 이용한 치료효과

정용호,김남희,김대호,배재현,권준수,장준환,정위훈,김석현,김준기,오동훈,신다정,조강익 대한신경정신의학회 2014 신경정신의학 Vol.53 No.2

Objectives This study investigated the clinical characteristics and functional magnetic resonanceimaging (fMRI) findings of firefighters suffering from partial posttraumatic stress disorder(partial PTSD). They were treated by eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)and the treatment effect was evaluated. Methods A total of 116 firefighters were screened and 15 of them were diagnosed as partialPTSD. 1) We compared sociodemographic and psychological characteristics between the firefighterpartial PTSD group and the firefighter control group. 2) Subjects in the firefighter partialPTSD group (n=10), firefighter control group (n=8), and general control group (n=12) underwentfMRI with traumatic, negative, positive, and neutral picture stimuli. We compared clinical characteristicsand fMRI findings among these three groups. 3) Seven firefighters in the partial PTSD groupwere treated by EMDR and the treatment effect was evaluated according to psychological scales. Results In fMRI analysis, there was a left middle temporal/occipital activation in the order of thegeneral control group, firefighter control group, than the firefighter partial PTSD group for the Traumatic-Baseline contrast. For the Negative-Baseline contrast, there was an increased left middletemporal/occipital activation in the general control group versus decreased activation in the firefightercontrol group and the firefighter partial PTSD group. All firefighters in the partial PTSD grouptreated by EMDR showed significant improvement of Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale scores. Conclusion These results show high incidence rate of partial PTSD in firefighters. In addition,partial PTSD firefighters exhibited distinct clinical characteristics and fMRI findings and showed significant improvement by EMDR treatment. 소방공무원에서 부분 PTSD의 진단율이 높고, 이들은 다른 심리적 특성과 생물학적 특징을 보이며 EMDR 치료로 유의미한 호전을 보였다. 향후 이러한 소방공무원의 PTSD와이에 대한 효과적인 정신과적 개입을 위한 관심과 연구가 지속적으로 이루어져야 하며, 이는 양질의 체계적이고 효과적인 정신과적 치료와 정신건강 서비스를 소방공무원들에게제공하기 위한 체계 수립과 정책 개발에 도움이 될 것이다.

일개 소방서 소방관들의 외상후 스트레스 증상 및 관련요인

권순찬,송재철,이수진,김인아,고재우,류현철,김석현,김대호,정승아 大韓産業醫學會 2008 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.20 No.3

목적: 본 연구에서는 일부지역 남자 소방관의 외상후 스트레스 증상과 관련요인을 분석하고 PTSD 고위험군의 빈도를 추정하고자 하였다. 방법: 서울 지역 한 소방서의 남자 소방대원 260명에게 설문지를 배포하였다. 그 중 한 가지 이상의 외상성 사건의 경험이 있고 IES-R-K 설문에 응답한 153명 중 우울증으로 의심되는 7명을 제외한 146명을 분석대상으로 하였다. 설문지는 일반적 특성과 작업관련 특성, IES-R-K 22문항,‘소방관과 응급구조사의 사건 스트레스인자’25개 문항을 포함하였다. 결과: 연구대상의 평균연령은 38.8(±6.8)세였으며 평균 근속기간은 12.0(±6.4)년이었다. 기혼이 118명 (80.8%)이었다. 근무형태별로는 상시주간이 20명(13.7%),격일근무가 126명(86.3%)이었다. 직능별로는 화재진압 46명(31.5%),구조 15명(10.3%),구급 26명(17.8%),운전 40명(27.4%),내근 19명(13.0%)이었다. IES-R-K 점수의 평균은 11. 3(±13.1)점이었으며 기혼자가 미혼자보다(p=0.005),24시간 격일근무자가 상시 주간근무자보다(p=0.032) 높았다. IES-R-K 점수 24/25점을 절단점으로 PTSD 고위험군의 빈도는 13.7% (20명)이었다. 외상성 사건 25개 중 경험한 종류수는 직능별로 구급과 구조에서 많았다.(p=0.000). PTSD 고위험군을 종속변수로 하고 나이와 교육수준을 보정한 다중로지스틱회귀분석에서 각각의 보정 비차비(95% CI)는 기혼 1.98(0.42∼9.30),근속년수 20년 이상 3.53(1.01∼12.38),24시간 격일근무 3. 31 (O.42∼26. 23),소방장 1.67(0.46∼6.09),외상성 사건을 경험한 종류수 2.18(0.79∼6.04)였다. 결론: 이 연구에서 서울지역의 일개 소방서에 근무하는 남자 소방관의 PTSD 고위험군의 빈도는 13.7%로 추정되어 일반인구집단의 PTSD 유병률에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 외상성 사건에 무방비로 노출되어 있는 소방관들의 PTSD 위험군을 조기에 선별할 수 있는 간편한 자기기입식 설문지인 IES-R-K는 소방관의 PTSD를 조기에 개입하여 관리하는 효율적인 도구로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 소방관들의 정신건강을 관리하고 개입이 필요한 정신질환을 조기에 발견하며 관리할 수 있는 체계적인 예방 및 관리 프로그램의 도입이 필수적이다. Objectives: To investigate the factors related with posttraumatic symptoms and to estimate the prevalence of posttraumatic disorder of urban male firefighters. Methods: From a study sample comprising 260 male firefighters from one fire station, the responses. from 146 who had experienced one or more traumatic events, responded to the 'Impact of Event Scale-Revised Korean version' (IES-R-K) and didn't show any evidence of depression were analyzed. We surveyed the firefighters using a self-administered questionnaire including general characteristics, job-related characteristics, IES-R-K, and a 'Firefighters and paramedics' incident stressor'. Results: The mean value of IES-R-K in this study was 11.3 and it was higher in the married firefighters than in the unmarried firefighters (p=0.005) and in the 24-hr shift workers than in the ordinary day shift workers (p=0.032). The frequency of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of the firefighters in this study using IES-R-K was 13.7%, with a cutoff point of 24/25. The overall number of experiences of 25 traumatic events was larger in emergency medical personnel and rescue workers than in other work functions (p=O.OOO). Conclusions: The prevalence of PTSD symptoms in firefighters was estimated to 13.7% using IES-R-K and was higher than the prevalence of PTSD in the general population. A program to manage the mental health and provide early detection for mental illness for firefighters is needed.

현장 소방활동 안전사고 원인에 대한 4M 분석

김태범,변혜정,강태선,Kim, Taebeom,Byun, Hyaejeong,Kang, Taesun 한국산업보건학회 2017 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine firefighters' work-related accident rate and investigate the factors affecting their on-site safety. Methods: We developed a web-based self-reported questionnaire designed to inquire into firefighters' work-related accident experience and the factors (4M; Man, Machine, Media, Management) affecting firefighters' on-site safety. We distributed questionnaires to all members of firefighting organizations in South Korea by e-mail and 9,149 were returned, resulting in a response rate of 23.1%. Results: Fifteen point seven percent of the respondents reported work-related injuries within the past one year, and 35.1% answered that current accident investigation reports are not helpful for preventing the same accident from recurring. Among the 4M factors, the one most affecting firefighters' on-site safety in the order of priority is the Man factor, followed by Machine, Media, and Management. However, the results from detailed sub-categorical factors showed some differences. 'Lack of human resources', one of the Management factors, was the most influential (70.3%), followed by 'worn-out equipment' under the Machine factor (67.2%). The viewpoint of elements of the Man factor including 'forgetting instructions' and 'fatigue and illness' were significantly different according to firefighters' rank. The higher the firefighter's rank, the more they answered 'forgetting instructions,' while the opposite was the case for 'fatigue and disease'. Conclusions: The present firefighters' accident investigation report needs to be improved, and the 4M method could prove very useful. In addition, it is necessary to set up a proper firefighters' accident investigation and prevention system.

몽골 소방공무원의 직무만족에 미치는 영향 요인

셀익잔,안성수 한국융합과학회 2022 한국융합과학회지 Vol.11 No.5

Purpose This study analyzed the factors affecting the job satisfaction of firefighters in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, finding ways to improve job satisfaction. Methods For this study, 320 firefighters from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia were selected. In this study, job stress factor, interpersonal relationship factor, organizational culture factor, and job compensation factor were set as independent variables, job satisfaction factor was set as a dependent variable. Exploratory factor analysis, Cronhach's Coefficient Alpha, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed using the statistical program SPSS 25.0. Result IIn the case of firefighters in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, independent variables such as job burden, role conflict, relationship with colleagues, development culture, group culture, promotion, and compensation were analyzed to have an effect on job satisfaction. Among demographic variables, marital status, firefighting driving, and income were found to affect job satisfaction. The results of the analysis that the marital status of firefighters have an effect on job satisfaction can be said to be different from previous studies. Conclusion Based on the results of this analysis, in order to improve the job satisfaction of firefighters in Mongolia, first, policies should be implemented in consideration of individual characteristics. Second, it is necessary to improve the satisfaction with the promotion and compensation system of firefighters. Third, it is necessary to relieve the job stress of firefighters. Fourth, the organizational culture and human relations of the firefighting organization should be implemented efficiently. Fifth, it is necessary to devise various measures to attract excellent manpower to the firefighting organization. 연구목적 본 연구는 몽골 울란바토르시 소방공무원의 직무만족에 미치는 영향요인을 분석하여 직무만족을 제고할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 연구방법 조사대상자로는 몽골 울란바토르시 소방공무원 320명을 선정하였다. 독립변수로는 직무스트레스 요인, 인간관계 요인, 조직문화 요인, 직무보상 요인을 설정하였고, 직무만족 요인을 종속변수로 설정하였다. 통계프로그램인 SPSS 25.0을 사용하여 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과 몽골 울란바토르시 소방공무원의 경우 독립변수인 직무부담, 역할갈등, 동료와의 관계, 발전문화, 집단문화, 승진, 보상은 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 인구사회학적 변수 중 결혼상태, 근무부서(소방운전), 소득이 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 소방공무원의 결혼상태가 직무만족에 영향을 미친다는 분석결과는 선행연구와는 다른 결과라 할 수 있다. 결론 몽골 소방공무원의 직무만족을 제고하기 위해서는 첫째, 개인적 특성을 고려하여 정책을 추진해야 할 것이다. 둘째, 소방공무원의 승진, 보상제도에 대한 만족도를 향상시켜야 할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 소방공무원의 직무스트레스를 해소시켜야 할 것이다. 넷째, 소방조직의 조직문화와 인간관계는 점진적으로 개선되어야 할 것이다. 다섯째, 소방조직으로 우수인력을 유인할 수 있는 다양한 방안을 강구해야 한다.

델파이 기법을 통한 소방공무원 보건안전정책의 문제점 및 개선방안 도출

박찬석 한국재난정보학회 2020 한국재난정보학회 논문집 Vol.16 No.1

연구목적: 본 연구는 소방공무원 보건안전 및 복지기본계획, 그리고 매년 연도별 계획이 실질적으로 소 방공무원의 보건과 복지에 기여하는지 여부를 실증검증하여 현재 계획에 근거한 정책들의 문제점과 개선방안을 도출하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 현황분석과 더불어 해당분야 전문가들로부터의 델파이분석 기법에 의해 연구결과: 소방공무원 보건안전정책에서의 문제점으로 소방관 전문병원의 부재, 일선 소 방서차원의 정신건강교육프로그램 미흡, 현장활동 위험평가 체계 미흡의 문제, 심신건강관리사업의 효과성 문제, 심신안정 프로그램의 내실화 부족, 정신건강관련 교육의 부재, 정신건강관련 프로그램 이 용자의 은닉성 보장문제가 주요 문제점으로 도출되었으며, 소방공무원 복지정책에서의 문제점으로 부 모소방관에 대한 지원부족, 퇴직소방관에 대한 노후설계대비 미흡, 여성소방관에 처우개선 미흡이 도 출되었다. 결론: 개선방안으로 소방전문병원설립, 정신건강교육프로그램의 내실화 및 소방서내 CISD 리더 양성프로그램 마련, 재난현장 위험평가체계의 마련, 찾아가는 심리상담실사업등에 대한 효과 성 측정등의 평가체계 도입, 수요자 만족도 조사등을 통한 프로그램 내실화, 정신건강관련 교육시스템 마련, 인사시스템 개선을 통한 은닉성 보장 방안, 육아 휴직제도 장려 및 소방서내 육아시설 도입, 퇴직 소방관 활용 방안 수립 및 사업 활성화, 여성소방공무원을 위한 정책마련 방안이 도출되었다. Purpose: In this study, we will try to find out problems and improvements of the policies in order to verify whether the plans contribute to the health and welfare of the firefighters properly. Method: By the Delphi analysis by experts. Result: There are problems such as absence of Firefighters’ hospital, insufficient mental health education program in fire department, lack of on-site risk assessment system, problem on ineffectiveness of mental and physical health care business, lack of substantiality on mental and physical stability program, absence of mental health education, ensuring the confidentiality for users of mental health programs, lack of support for parent firefighters, lack of firefighters' retirement design and insufficient treatment for female firefighters. Conclusion: There are Improvements such as establishing Firefighters’ hospital, improving mental health education and training CISD leaders in the fire department, preparing disaster risk assessment system, effectiveness measurement for visiting psychological counseling projects, improving the program through customer satisfaction surveys, establishment of mental health education system, ensuring confidentiality by improving personnel systems, encourage childcare leave and introduce childcare facilities at fire stations, revitalizing retirement Firefighters and policy development for female firefighters.