벼 키다리병 저항성 유전자원 탐색

허연재(Yeon-Jae Hur),이샛별(Sais-Beul Lee),신동진(Dongjin Shin),김태헌(Tae-Heon Kim),조준현(Jun-Hyeon Cho),한상익(Sang-Ik Han),오성환(Seong-Hwan Oh),이지윤(Ji-Yoon Lee),손영보(Young-Bo Son),이종희(Jong-Hee Lee),권택민(Tackmin Kwon),박 한국육종학회 2016 한국육종학회지 Vol.48 No.1

Bakanae (foolish seedling) disease caused by Gibberella fujikuroi creates serious problems in the foremost rice growing countries. This study was conducted to identify new resistance genetic sources to Bakanae disease. Bioassay showed that 11 varieties including Gwangmyeongbyeo, Hawn, Wonseadaesoo, Erguailai etc. were resistant to bakanae disease among 254 rice germplasm. Mismatch ratio between phenotype on bakanae disease bioassay and allele type of RM9, a SSR marker closely linked the bakanae disease resistant QTL, qBK1, were 38.3%. These results suggest that RM9 might be used for selecting qBK1, but it cannot be used for wide range of rice germplasm. Resistant germplasm in this study might be have resistant genes different from qBK1. The eleven varieties resistant to selected in this study will be used to identify new resistant alleles or genes to improve bakanae disease resistance in rice.

Past and Future Epidemiological Perspectives and Integrated Management of Rice Bakanae in Korea

Soobin Shin,류현주,Jin-Yong Jung,윤윤주,Gudam Kwon,Nahyun Lee,Na Hee Kim,Rowoon Lee,Jiseon Oh,Minju Baek,Yoon Soo Choi,Jungho Lee,김광형 한국식물병리학회 2023 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.39 No.1

In the past, rice bakanae was considered an endemic disease that did not cause significant losses in Korea; however, the disease has recently become a serious threat due to climate change, changes in farming practices, and the emergence of fungicide-resistant strains. Since the bakanae outbreak in 2006, its incidence has gradually decreased due to the application of effective control measures such as hot water immersion methods and seed disinfectants. However, in 2013, a marked increase in bakanae incidence was observed, causing problems for rice farmers. Therefore, in this review, we present the potential risks from climate change based on an epidemiological understanding of the pathogen, host plant, and environment, which are the key elements influencing the incidence of bakanae. In addition, disease management options to reduce the disease pressure of bakanae below the economic threshold level are investigated, with a specific focus on resistant varieties, as well as chemical, biological, cultural, and physical control methods. Lastly, as more effective countermeasures to bakanae, we propose an integrated disease management option that combines different control methods, including advanced imaging technologies such as remote sensing. In this review, we revisit and examine bakanae, a traditional seed-borne fungal disease that has not gained considerable attention in the agricultural history of Korea. Based on the understanding of the present significance and anticipated risks of the disease, the findings of this study are expected to provide useful information for the establishment of an effective response strategy to bakanae in the era of climate change.

qBK1 유전자 보유 키다리병 중도저항성 중만생 최고품질 복합내병성 내도복 다수성 신품종 벼 품종 ‘안평(安平)’

박동수,이지윤,조준현,이종희,강주원,조수민,권영호,이소명,이샛별,오성환,신동진,김병주 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회지 Vol.54 No.2

Bakanae disease is caused by several species of Fusarium and imposes serious limitations to rice production worldwide. The incidenceof this disease is increasing in the top rice-growing countries. No rice variety has been found to be completely resistant to this disease. Thus,higher resistance to the disease may be a cost saving solution preferable to the application of fungicides. ‘Anpyeong’ was derived from thecross between ‘YR24982-9-1’ and ‘Saeilmi’ in 2012 and selected as the promising line, ‘YR30389-B-2GH-103’; it was further selected anddesignated as ‘Milyang 313’ in 2016. The local adaptability test for ‘Milyang 313’ was conducted at five locations from 2016 to 2018 andthe cultivar was named ‘Anpyeong’. The heading date for the medium-late maturing cultivar ‘Anpyeong’ was August 13. The ‘Anpyeong’culm was 77 cm long and had 115 spikelets per panicle. The brown rice 1,000 grain-weight was 22.2 g, which is higher than that of ‘Nampyeong’. This variety is resistant to blast disease and rice stripe virus, but susceptible to bacterial blight and insect pest. The potential ‘Anpyeong’yield was approximately 562 kg/10 a at ordinary fertilizer level in the local adaptability test and for three years. ‘Anpyeong’ harboring theqBK1 gene derived from a tongil type rice ‘Shingwang’ is moderately resistant to bakanae disease (Registration No. 8135).

국내 벼 주요 재배품종의 키다리병 저항성 평가

이샛별,강주원,이지윤,성기운,권영호,이소명,Nkulu Rolly Kabange,조준현,오성환,신동진,이종희,오기원,박동수 한국육종학회 2023 한국육종학회지 Vol.55 No.2

Bakanae disease, also known as the foolish seedling disease, caused by Gibberella fujikuroi, is a serious issue in Korea. Since2007, there has been a rapid increase in the occurrence of bakanae disease; this has caused severe yield loss to rice farmers every year. The most reliable and economical solution for managing bakanae disease is to cultivate resistant varieties; however, there are only a fewrice varieties in Korea that can withstand this disease. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the resistance of 61 major rice varieties whichaccount for 89% of the total rice cultivation area. Only six varieties showed intermediate or higher resistance to bakanae disease; this includedAnpyeong and Samkwang. The genetic inconsistency between the bioassay results and the allele types of 12 molecular markers (associatedwith four QTLs) ranged from 4.7% to 48.7%. Therefore, more accurate markers, such as gene-based markers, are essential for monitoringgeneral breeding programs or gene pyramiding.

벼 종자소독시 수온, 처리시간 및 약량이 벼 키다리병 발명에 미치는 영향

박흥규(Heung Gyu Park),신해룡(Hae Ryong Shin),이인(Yeen Lee),김석언(Suk Wean Kim),권오도(Oh Do Kwon),박인진(In Jin Park),국용인(Yong In Kuk) 한국농약과학회 2003 농약과학회지 Vol.7 No.3

In order to develop effective control methods for Bakanae disease caused by Gibberella fujikuroi (Saito) Ito during rearing of rice seedlings, we investigated the disease resistance of 15 rice varieties to G. fujikuroi and control effect of six seed disinfectants, and tried to improve the using methods of the seed disinfectants. Disease resistance was tested by investigating the disease incidence on each rice cultivar grown in rice seedling box infested with or not infested with G. jujikuroi at 30 days after sowing seeds and 20 days after heading date. The results showed that Hwayongbyeo, Dongjinbyeo, Hwoanbyeo, Nonghobyeo, Nampyeongbyeo, and Hwojinbyeo were resistant to G. fujikuroi, meanwhile Keulubyeo, Sobibyeo, Odaebyeo, Junambyeo, Samchonebyeo, Sangjubyeo, and Hwabongbyeo were susceptible. Three seed disinfectants, prochloraz, fludioxonil, and carproparnid+thiram+fludioxonil controlled Bakanae disease of rice very well, while bonomyl+thiram, thiophanate-methyl+thiram and thiophanate-methyl+triflumizole did not suppress the disease enough. Water temperature was turned to be an important factor for controlling the disease by treating seed disinfectants. Prochloraz showed 61 % control value on the disease at 10℃, but it showed above 95% control value at the range of 30~35℃. It was confirmed that the control effect of seed disinfectants increased with increasing water temperature. Meanwhile soaking period of rice seeds in the suspension of seed disinfectants and chemical dosage had no high relation to control the disease. This results suggest that rice varieties, water temperature, and optimal selection of suitable seed disinfectants are very important to control Bakanae disease effectively.

Establishment of Rice Bakanae Disease Management Using Slightly Acidic Hypochlorous Acid Water

Sung-Geun Goo(구성근),Jachoon Koo(구자춘) 한국생명과학회 2020 생명과학회지 Vol.30 No.2

벼키다리병은 Fusarium fujikuroi의 감염에 의해 발생하는 대표적인 종자전염성 병이다. 이 병의 방제는 화학약제를 이용한 종자소독이 가장 효율적이지만 최근 약제에 저항성을 갖는 균주의 출현이 증가하고 있다. 미산성 차아염소산수는 환경이나 사람의 건강에는 유해성이 낮지만 바이러스, 박테리아, 곰팡이에 강력하고 광범위한 항균활성을 갖는 살균소독제로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 화학 약제 저항성 또는 민감성 균주를 포함하는 16개의 F. fujikuroi 균주를 대상으로 미산성 차아염소산수의 항균활성을 조사하고, 이를 이용한 친환경적 병 방제 기술 개발을 목적으로 하였다. 미산성 차아염소산수는 화학약제 저항성 균주를 포함한 조사한 F. fujikuroi 균주 모두에 대해 유리염소 5±2.5 ppm 농도에서 비특이적이고 강한 항균 활성을 나타냈고, 처리 후 5분 이내에 F. fujikuroi 세포의 치명적 손상과 함께 완전한 살균 효과를 나타났다. F. fujikuroi 균주로 감염된 벼 종자를 20±10 ppm의 유리염소를 포함하는 미산성 차아염소산수로 12시간 침지 소독하였을 경우, 종자 소독 효과와 병 방제율은 각각 95~98%와 90.1~92.6%였다. Rice bakanae is a typical seed-borne and seed-transmitted disease caused by infection by Fusarium fujikuroi. Seed disinfection using chemical fungicides (such as benomyl and prochloraz) is most effective in controlling the disease, but the emergence of fungicide-resistant strains has recently been increasing. Slightly acidic hypochlorous acid water (SAHW) is a safe and environmentally friendly disinfectant that has a potent and broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against viruses, bacteria, and fungi. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of SAHW against F. fujikuroi strains, including chemical fungicide-resistant strains, as an alternative to conventional chemical fungicides in the management of bakanae disease. SAHW showed strong but similar levels of antifungal activity among the F. fujikuroi strains with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of 5±2.5 ppm of free available chlorine (FAC). In addition, F. fujikuroi cells lost viability completely within 5 min of SAHW treatment due to the lethal damage to cell integrity. When the rice seeds infected by F. fujikuroi were treated with SAHW containing 20±10 ppm of FAC for 12 hr, the efficiencies of seed disinfection and disease control were 95-98% and 90.1-92.6%, respectively. Altogether, our data suggest that SAHW is an effective compound for controlling rice bakanae disease.

벼 키다리병 방제에 관한 황토유황의 종자소독 효과

소현규,김용기,홍성준,한은정,박종호,심창기,김민정,김석철 한국유기농업학회 2017 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

본 연구는 황토유황을 활용하여 벼 키다리병 발병을 최소화할 수 있는 최적 종자소독조 건을 선발하기 위해 수행되었다. 키다리병에 이병된 ‘신동진’ 품종 벼 종자를 공시하였고 황토유황 농도, 침지온도, 시간, 온탕여부를 구분하여 실내 및 온실검정을 통해 침지시간은 48시간, 침지농도는 1%로 최적 소독조건을 선발하였다. 그리고 모판과 포장시험을 수행하 여 온탕처리 후 20℃, 1% 황토유황에 48시간 침지 처리구와 30℃, 1% 황토유황에 48시간 단독 침지할 때 가장 효과가 높았다는 것을 확인하였고 위 처리조건으로 소독한 종자가 육 묘, 이앙, 출수기를 거치면서도 100%의 높은 방제효과가 유지되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 20℃에서 1% 황토유황으로 침지한 처리구에서는 포장에서 78.2%의 낮은 방제가를 보였다. 또한, 온탕소독만 수행한 처리구에서도 60℃, 10분간 충실히 수행될 경우 효과적인 벼 키다리병 방제가 가능함을 보여주었지만 온탕처리 후 황토유황으로 추가 침지함으로서 많은 양의 종자를 소독할 때 좀 더 나은 키다리병 방제 효과를 가져다 줄 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 농가에서 온탕소독기와 종자소독기 둘 중 한가지 만 구비하더라도 황토유황을 이용하여 충분한 소독효과를 낼 수 있기 때문에 현장에서 보 다 쉽게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며 제조방법이 쉽고 비용이 적게 드는 황토유황의 특성상 농가의 경영비 절감효과도 클 것으로 기대된다. This study was conducted to evaluate rice seed disinfection efficacy of loess-sulfur for the suppression of Bakanae disease caused by Fusarium fujikuroi. Rice seeds were treated at different concentrations of loess-sulfur, soaking time and temperature, and combination of hot-water treatment. Rice cultivar, Shindongjin harvested from Bakanae disease-infested area in 2015, was used. Loess-sulfur was treated as follows; concentration of undiluted solution, 2%, 1% and 0.5%; soaking time of 24 and 48 hours; treatment temperature of 20℃ and 30℃; hot water treatment or not. Optimal conditions of rice seed disinfection were selected soaking time of 48 hours and the suspension of 0.5% and 1% loess-sulfur by investigating seed germination and isolation frequency of Fusarium spp. on Komada agar medium in vitro, and were established 3 disinfection conditions as hot water (60℃, 10 min.) + 1% loess-sulfur (20℃, 48 hours), 1% loess-sulfur only (30℃, 48 hours) and 1% loess-sulfur only (20℃, 48 hours) through additional test in greenhouse. Above 3 conditions were verified by rice seedling box and paddy field test in the way of investigating Bakanae diseased plants (%) and healthy plants (%). Consequently, most effective rice seed disinfection conditions on Bakanae disease were combination of hot water and 1% loess-sulfur and loess-sulfur only at 30℃. Furthermore, treatments with these conditions showed control value of 100% were maintained from seedling to the heading stage in the field. However, treatment of 1% loess-sulfur only at 20℃ showed low control value of 78.2% in paddy field. Hot water only treatment turned out to be an effective disinfection method when conducted thoroughly with 60℃, 10 min. However, it was thought additional soaking process with loess-sulfur after hot water treatment served more high control effect against Bakanae disease when rice seeds were disinfected on a large scale. This results expected rice seed disinfection with loess-sulfur were effectively and easily usable method if farmers had only one of either hot water-disinfector or seed-disinfector. In addition, loess-sulfur is well-known to farmers, simple to manufacture method and cheap.

Involvement of an Efflux Transporter in Prochloraz Resistance of Fusarium fujikuroi CF245 Causing Rice Bakanae Disease

Yang, You Ri,Kim, Young Cheol,Lee, Se Won,Lee, Si Woo,An, Gwang Guk,Kim, In Seon The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2012 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.55 No.4

Rice bakanae disease pathogens resistant to conazole fungicide prochloraz have been reported in Korea. Understanding fungal response associated with the resistant is required for successful control of the disease. Investigation of prochloraz-resistant responses of the rice bakanae disease pathogen, Fusarium fujikuroi, showed significant growth inhibition of the resistant strain after sodium azide treatment suggested involvement of the ABC transporter in fungal prochloraz-resistant responses. Prochloraz degradation was accompanied by fungal growth, dependently on sodium azide treatment. Partial sequence analysis of the ABC transporter gene confirmed that the resistant strain possesses an efflux transporter with high sequence similarity to genes of conazole fungicide-resistant pathogens. These results suggest that the prochloraz-resistant responses of F. fujikuroi CF245 involve an efflux transporter.

Involvement of an Efflux Transporter in Prochloraz Resistance of Fusarium fujikuroi CF245 Causing Rice Bakanae Disease

You Ri Yang,Young Cheol Kim,Se Won Lee,Si Woo Lee,Gwang Guk An,In Seon Kim 한국응용생명화학회 2012 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.55 No.4

Rice bakanae disease pathogens resistant to conazole fungicide prochloraz have been reported in Korea. Understanding fungal response associated with the resistant is required for successful control of the disease. Investigation of prochlorazresistant responses of the rice bakanae disease pathogen, Fusarium fujikuroi, showed significant growth inhibition of the resistant strain after sodium azide treatment suggested involvement of the ABC transporter in fungal prochloraz-resistant responses. Prochloraz degradation was accompanied by fungal growth, dependently on sodium azide treatment. Partial sequence analysis of the ABC transporter gene confirmed that the resistant strain possesses an efflux transporter with high sequence similarity to genes of conazole fungicide-resistant pathogens. These results suggest that the prochloraz-resistant responses of F. fujikuroi CF245 involve an efflux transporter.

Evaluation of the Rsistant to Bakanae Disease in Korean Rice Landraces (Oryza sativa L.)

( Soon-wook Kwon ),( Na-eun Kim ),( Sang-hyeon Jin ),( Jeonghwan Seo ),( Tae-ho Ham ),( Joohyun Lee ) 한국육종학회 2021 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.9 No.4

Bakanae disease is an important fungal disease caused by Gibberella fujikuroi. The outbreak of rice bakanae disease causes the most important problems for rice producing countries and affects almost all known rice cultivars. Identifying balance disease resistance in Korean Rice Landrace with diverse genetic sources is important for efficient breeding. In this study, we tried to find out useful genetic resources for bakanae resistant cultivar. The result suggested highly strong 3 varieties (‘IT010631’, ‘IT009118’ and ‘IT009221’.) to be used in breeding program. Additionally, we applied reported marker related qFfR1 bakanae disease to accessions which showed strong resistance. It is expected that these resources can be used to develop useful cultivars for each trait. Especially, accessions showed strong resistance in this study have different genotype with reported resistant resources, they would be used to find other genes related to bakanae resistance.