채혈 전처치 방법이 혈중 에탄올 농도에 미치는 영향

최대종,심민섭,조익준,정연권,송형곤 대한응급의학회 2008 대한응급의학회지 Vol.19 No.5

Purpose: Ethanol is the most common toxic substance encountered clinically and is becoming increasingly important in forensic medicine. Generally, pre-treatment with an alcohol disinfectant such as isopropyl alcohol for blood sampling could influence evaluations and affect legal evidence. This study was performed to determine whether isopropyl alcohol affects the serum ethanol level. Methods: Volunteers were prohibited from drinking alcohol and taking medication for 48 hours prior to participating. Pregnant volunteers and volunteers with abnormal liver enzymes or abnormal kidney function were excluded. Enrolled subjects had their blood collected from each arm to measure the alcohol concentration, one side was disinfected with povidone iodine and the other with isopropyl alcohol. After waiting one hour, they ingested 20g of alcohol and waited. After one hour, the serum ethanol levels were measured using the same method as the first sampling. Results: Ten volunteers enrolled for this study. Without the alcohol intake, all serum ethanol levels were in the nondetectable range(<3 mg/dL) for both samples with either isopropyl alcohol or povidone iodine. After drinking alcohol, the serum ethanol level varied among individuals; the mean value of the serum ethanol levels in the alcohol preparation group was 21.08±4.85 mg/dL, which was significantly greater than that of the povidone iodine preparation group (19.71±5.47 mg/dL) (p=0.006). However, the Bland- Altman analysis showed that the precision of both groups was 1.230 mg/dL, which was less than the measurement error of the equipment (3.48 mg/dL). Therefore, there was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to the measurement error. Conclusion: Before alcohol intake, there was no influence on the blood alcohol concentration from the alcohol disinfection, and the result was reliable. After alcohol intake, the possible influence of pre-treatment alcohol on the serum ethanol level was less than the measurement error of the equipment used.

알코올의존환자들의 흡연 행태 및 단기간의 단주가 흡연에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구 - 알코올병동 입원환자들을 대상으로 -

정성철(Sung-Chul Jung),오동열(Dong-Yul Oh) 한국중독정신의학회 2000 중독정신의학 Vol.4 No.2

Objectives:The present study investigated the prevalence of cigarette smoking among alcohol dependent patients, the smoking behaviors, relationship between alcohol dependence and nicotine dependence in alcoholic patients, as well as changes in smoking behaviors after some period of sobriety. Method:Questionnaires for studying the relationship between alcohol dependence and nicotine dependence were administered to 132 male alcoholic inpatients in two mental hospitals. Results:1) Among 132 male alcoholic inpatients, 96.9% of them were current smokers. their mean smoking rate was 20 cigarettes per day and their mean score of nicotine dependence scored by FTND was 5.28 (±2.16). Among 127 smoking male alcoholic inpatients, the rate of cigarette smoking after sobriety shows no changes in 49.1% of them, increases in 24.6%, decreases in 21.9%. Smoking rate before admission was negatively correlated with the changes in smoking rate after admission. Namely, who had smoked more heavily before admission smoked less frequently since admitted and vice versa. Drinking amount for three years before admission was negatively correlated with current smoking rate and drinking amount for a month before admission was positively correlated with current FTND score. 2) The earlier they had experienced drinking or had come to enjoy it, the earlier they had experienced smoking and the higher their current FTND score is. The earlier they had experienced cigarette smoking, the higher in alcohol dependence. 3) Among 127 smoking male alcoholic inpatients, 77.1% of them had the history of smoking cessation attempts or the concern about quitting smoking. 30 patients replied that he can try to quit smoking right now or in a month. 55.9% of smoking male alcoholic inpatients reported that it would be more difficult to give up cigarettes than alcohol. We imagine that the higher smoking rate before admission and current time is the major contributing factor to that difficulty. 47.2% of patients believe that cigarette smoking relieves their urge to drink. They look their smoking more positively and they had more previous episode of alcohol abstinence attempts. 35.7% of patients replied that they often had urges to drink when smoking. They had higher alcohol dependence score and more previous episode of alcohol abstinence attempts. 63.5% of patients was cooperative to the plan of ‘smoking-free’ policy but, 36.5% of patients was resistant. The cooperative patients had lower nicotine dependence score and lower rate of cigarette smoking before admission. 4) There’s no differences in smoking rate and FTND score according to the period of sobriety until eight month after sobriety. but, 4 months after sobriety smoking rate tends to be declined. As the period of sobriety prolonged, the percentage of patients believing that cigarette smoking relieves their urge to drink and considering their smoking positively increased. Conclusions:This results suggest that it is needed to consider individual differences, to strengthen their motivation and to induce active involvement of the patient to the smoking treatment. Three or four months after sobriety can be a critical period for above intervention.

음주관련문제 및 국가알코올정책에 대한 전문가의 인식

김정현 ( Jeoung Hyun Kim ),천성수 ( Sung Soo Chun ) 대한보건협회 2011 대한보건연구 Vol.37 No.2

Objectives: This study was to examine the perception of alcohol-related problems and alcohol policies of the professionals. This study had two specific purposes. Firstly, it compared the perception on alcohol-related problems and causes of heavy drinking, necessity, agreement, effectiveness and resistibility about national alcohol policies of the professionals in alcohol study area. Secondly, it compared how the perception on alcohol-related problems and causes of heavy drinking have an influence on the necessity, agreement, effectiveness and resistibility about alcohol national policies of the professionals. Methods: Data had been collected through the email questionnaire from 31 professionals from 1 October 2011 to 15 October. Male was 19 (61.2%) and female was 12 (38.8%) among respondents. Results: First, the professionals agreed that alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems of Korean are considerably serious. In addition, rather than national alcohol policies, drinking culture is regarded as a dominant factor which lead to a heavy drinking by them. Second, a reduction effect in alcohol consumption and an institutional suitability were considered as key points for an establishment of alcohol control policies among other factors. Third, the professionals in alcohol study gave their assent to the most of alcohol policies very much. Above all else, they were in favor of the restrictions on drinking in the public places the most. And then random drunk driving checks, improvement of retail outlet system, education on moderation in drink, and health promotion tax charges on alcohol were followed in order. Fourth, alcohol policies such as retail outlet system, sale for a limited time, public drinking restrictions, limitation of on-premise were expected as it would make a eye-opening reduction effect, while it would arouse a high resistibility. Fifth, alcohol policies such as price increase and health promotion levy are expected not to be effective for a decrease of alcohol consumption, at the same time it was expected to bring about a high resistibility. Sixth, alcohol policies such as education on moderation in drink, publicity for moderation in drink, support for alcohol-free events or occasions, alcohol advertizement regulation are expected to be a low alcohol decline effect with a low resistibility. Seventh, the professionals agreed that the more they think the reason of excessive drinking is from the political factors, the more they consider the people should change their thoughts in drink and the government lacks ability to copy with alcohol-related problems. In counterpoint to the preceding passage mentioned, the professionals agreed that the more they think the reason of heavy drinking is from the cultural factors, the more they don`t think it is necessary that the people should change their thoughts in drink and the government lacks ability to cope with alcohol-related problems. Conclusion: First, the greater part of cause in heavy drinking was from cultural factors. Therefore, it should be pointed out that the specific and systematic social programs and national alcohol policies must be established to change the present drinking culture in the long term and short term. Second, the Government should set up systematic and evidence-based national alcohol policies for a decrease of alcohol-related problems. Third, in establishing the national alcohol policies, above all else, it should be essential to start out by reduction effect of alcohol consumption and low resistibility of policies. After that, the long-term policies which are expected to have a high resistibility should be established.

우리나라 성인의 음주행태와 비치명적 손상의 연관성

이원경 ( Won Kyung Lee ),김윤 ( Yoon Kim ) 대한외상학회 2009 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: Alcohol is a major risk factor for injuries, but little is known about the relationship between chronic drinking pattern and injuries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of alcohol-related injuries and the differences in the characteristics of the injuries between Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) categories. Methods: Among a representative sample of the third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 7,697 adults answered questions about injuries, drinking patterns, and socioeconomic status. Incidences of alcohol-related injuries and of non-alcohol-related injuries were calculated, and the relative ratio of injuries between AUDIT categories was analyzed. Results: The incidences of all injuries and alcohol-related injuries were 69.2 and 6.8 per 1000 person-year. After adjustment, the incidences of non-alcohol-related injuries showed no differences between AUDIT categories. But the adjusted relative ratios (RRs) of alcohol-related injuries were 3.73 (95% CI: 1.54~8.99) and 7.70 (95% CI: 3.61~16.44) for risk drinkers and for alcohol-dependent drinkers respectively. No specific body part could be identified as being frequently injured in cases of risk drinkers and alcohol-dependent drinkers. In contrast, the adjusted RRs of fractures, bruises, and open wounds were 1.76 (95% CI: 1.03~3.02), 1.73 (95% CI: 1.15~2.61), and 1.85 (95% CI: 1.17~2.93) for alcohol-dependent drinkers. Assaults occurred 4.66 times more frequently in alcohol-dependent drinkers. Conclusion: Alcohol-related injuries occur more frequently as the person becomes more dependent on alcohol. Fractures, Bruises, open wounds, and assaults occur more frequently in alcohol-dependent drinker. This study suggests that efforts should be carried out in the ED to screen and treat alcohol-use disorders associated with patients injured after drinking. (J Korean Soc Traumatol 2009;22:233-41)

한국인의 만성 알코올 중독 진단을 위한 모발에서 Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG) 분석법 연구

공보경,조영훈,주소영,민지숙,권미아 한국분석과학회 2020 분석과학 Vol.33 No.3

Alcohol, which can easily be obtained in the same way as ordinary beverages, is harmful enough to cause death due to excessive drinking and chronic alcohol intake, so it is important to maintain a proper amount of drinking and healthy drinking habits. In addition, the incidence of behavioral disturbances and impaired judgments that can be caused by chronic alcohol drinking of more than adequate amounts of alcohol is also significant. Accordingly it is very useful for forensic science to check whether the person involved is drunken or is alcoholism state in various accidents. Currently, in Korea, alcohol consumption is determined by detecting the level of alcohol or alcohol metabolism ‘ethyl glucuronide (EtG)’ in blood or urine samples. However, analysis of alcohol or EtG in blood or urine can only provide information about the current state of alcohol consumption because of a narrow window of detection time. Therefore, it is important to analyze the EtG as a long-term direct alcohol metabolite bio-marker in human hair and to investigate relationship between alcohol consumption and EtG concentration for the evaluation of chronic ethanol consumption. In this study, we established an analytical method for the detection of EtG in Korean hair efficiently and validated selectivity, linearity, limits of detection (LOD), limits of quantification (LOQ), matrix effect, recovery, process efficiency, accuracy and precision using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In addition, the assay performance was evaluated in Korean social drinker’s hair and the postmortem hair of a chronic alcoholism. The results of this study can be useful in monitoring the alcohol abuse of Korean in clinical cases and legal procedures related to custody and provide a useful tool to evaluate postmortem diagnosis of alcoholic ketoacidosis in forensics.

알코올 의존 환자에서 갈근이 혈중 알코올 농도와 음주 효과에 미치는 영향

김명정,정영인,박제민,김성곤,최영길 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.6

갈근의 장기 투여가 혈중 알코올 농도와 음주 효과에 미치는 영향을 알아 보기 위하여 알코올 의존으로 입원하여 급성 알코올 중독과 금단 증상에서 회복된 남자 환자를 대상으로 갈근 투여군과 대조약 투여군으로 나누어 갈근과 대조약을 4주간 투여하였다. 갈근 혹은 대조약 투여 전후에 우울과 불안을 측정하고, 알코올 함량이 25%인 소주를 체중 kg당 ml를 음주하게 한 후 음주 전, 음주 후 10, 30, 60, 90, 120분에 각각 혈중 알코올 농도와 음주 효과를 측정하고 4주 동안의 일일 음식 섭취량을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 갈근 투여 전후 사이 그리고 실험군과 대조군 사이에 음주 후 혈중 알코올 농도에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2) 갈근 투여 전에 비하여 투여 후에 음주 후 수축기 혈압은 음주 후 10, 30, 60, 90분에 그리고 이완기 혈압은 음주 후 10, 30, 60, 90, 120분에서 유의하게 낮았다. 갈근 투여 전의 수축기 혈압은 음주 후 10분에서 그리고 이완기 혈압은 음주 후 10, 30, 60분에서 음주 전에 비해 유의하게 상승하였으나 갈근 투여 후에는 알코올에 의한 위의 혈압 상승 효과가 차단되었다. 3) 갈근 투여 전에 비하여 투여 후에 운동량은 음주 60, 90분에서 유의하게 낮았고 목소리는 음주 후 10, 30, 60, 90분에서 유의하게 작았다. 갈근 투여 전의 운동량은 음주 후 10분부터 음주 전에 비하여 유의하게 상승하였으나 갈근 투여 후의 운동량은 음주 후 60분부터 유의하게 상승하여 알코올에 의한 상승 효과가 지연되었다. 4) 우울과 불안은 갈근 투여 전과 위약 투여 전 그리고 갈근 투여 후와 대조약 투여 후 간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 5) 음식 섭취량은 갈근 투여군과 대조약 투여군 모두에서 실험 기간 동안 유의한 변화가 없었다. Effect of radix puerariae on blood alcohol concentration and on alcohol effect in alcoholic patients was studied. The subjects were 57 hospitalized male alcoholics recovered from acute intoxication and withdrawal symptoms. They were divided into two groups of 29 subjects of experimental group and 28 control group. The experimental group was adminitrered with 10g/day of powder of radix puerarize and the control group with mixture of 4g/day of radix glycyrrhizae and 6g/day of flour for 4 weeks, respectively. Before and after treatment of the drugs, blood alcohol concentration, vital signs, and mania rating scale were measured at -5, 10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after administration of 25% alcohol at a dose of 6ml/kg b.w.p.o. The results were as follows: 1) Blood alcohol concentration was not changed by four weeks of radix puerariae treatment and no difference in the blood alcohol concentration was noted between the radix puerariae and the control groups. 2) Radix puerariae significantly lowered systolic blood pressures at 10, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after alcohol intake and diastolic blood pressures at 10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after alcohol intake as compared to the corresponding pre-treatment levels. Moreover, before radix puerariae treatment, alcohol-induced elevation of systolic blood pressure was significant at 10 minutes after alcohol intake and that of diastolic blood pressure was significant at 10, 30 and 60 minutes after alcohol intake. But after radix puerariae treatment, such elevation was abolished. 3) Radix puerariae reduced significantly levels of motor activity at 60 and 90 minutes after alcochol intake and levels of voice at 10, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after alcohol intake as compared to the respective pre-treatment levels. Alcohol-induced enhancement of motor activity was significantly increased from 10 minutes after alcohol intake before radix puerariae treatment. But after the drug treatment, it was significantly increased from 60 minutes after alcohol intake. Thus radix puerariae delayed the development of alcohol-induced enhancement of motor activity. 4) No significant differences were noted in the levels of anxiety and depression between the index group and the control, either before or after respective drug treatment. 5) Food intake was not changed during the experimental period in both groups.

Estrogen-related receptor γ controls hepatic CB₁ receptor-mediated CYP2E1 expression and oxidative liver injury by alcohol

Kim, Don-Kyu,Kim, Yong-Hoon,Jang, Hyun-Hee,Park, Jinyoung,Kim, Jung Ran,Koh, Minseob,Jeong, Won-Il,Koo, Seung-Hoi,Park, Tae-Sik,Yun, Chul-Ho,Park, Seung Bum,Chiang, John Y L,Lee, Chul-Ho,Choi, Hueng-S BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2013 Gut: journal of the British Society of Gastroenter Vol.62 No.7

<P>Background The hepatic endocannabinoid system and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), a key enzyme causing alcohol-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, are major contributors to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. The nuclear hormone receptor oestrogen-related receptor gamma (ERR gamma) is a constitutively active transcriptional activator regulating gene expression. Objective To investigate the role of ERR gamma in the alcohol-mediated regulation of CYP2E1 and to examine the possibility to control alcohol-mediated oxidative stress and liver injury through an ERR gamma inverse agonist. Design For chronic alcoholic hepatosteatosis study, C57BL/6J wild-type and CB1(-/-) mice were administered alcohol for 4 weeks. GSK5182 and chlormethiazole (CMZ) were given by oral gavage for the last 2 weeks of alcohol feeding. Gene expression profiles and biochemical assays were performed using the liver or blood of mice. Results Hepatic ERR gamma gene expression induced by alcohol-mediated activation of CB1 receptor results in induction of CYP2E1, while liver-specific ablation of ERR. gene expression blocks alcohol-induced expression of CYP2E1 in mouse liver. An ERR gamma inverse agonist significantly ameliorates chronic alcohol-induced liver injury in mice through inhibition of CYP2E1-mediated generation of ROS, while inhibition of CYP2E1 by CMZ abrogates the beneficial effects of the inverse agonist. Finally, chronic alcohol-mediated ERR gamma and CYP2E1 gene expression, ROS generation and liver injury in normal mice were nearly abolished in CB1(-/-) mice. Conclusions ERR gamma, as a previously unrecognised transcriptional regulator of hepatic CB1 receptor, controls alcohol-induced oxidative stress and liver injury through CYP2E1 induction, and its inverse agonist could ameliorate oxidative liver injury due to chronic alcohol exposure.</P>

입원 남성 및 여성 알코올리즘 환자의 인구학적, 임상적 및 인격적 특성비교

정원후,김성부,장기용,손진욱,박철수 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.4

저자들은 1996년 5월 1일부터 1996년 7월 15일까지 부산·경남·대구 소재의 대형정신병원과 종합병원에 입원해 있는 여성 알코올리즘을 대상으로 하고, 또한 같은 기간에 국립부곡정신병원에 입원한 남성 알코올리즘을 비교군으로 해서 사회인구학적 특성, 음주양상, 음주와 관련된 문제점, 성격 및 정신병리등을 비교하여 남녀 알코올리즘에서의 원인과 임상적 특성에서의 차이점을 알고자해서 본 연구를 하게 되었다. 저자들이 작성한 반구조화된 설문지, MAST(Michigan alcoholism screening test). Zung의 SAS(Self-rating anxiety scale)과 SDS(Self-rating depression scale). MMPI(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), SCL-90-R(Symptom checklist-90-revision) 및 EPQ(Eysenck personality questionnaire)등의 검사도구를 이용하였고, 그 결과를 독립표본 t-test(independent-samples t-test)와 χ²-test로 검정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 여성 알코올리즘에서 남성 알코올리즘보다 더 낮은 교육 수준을 보였으며 초등학교수준 이하가 52.4%를 차지하였다. 반면에 남성 알코올리즘에서는 중학교·고등학교 수준이 76.7%였다.(p〈0.01). 2) 여성 알코올리즘에서 형제들 중에서 더 낮은 서열을 보였으며 세째딸이 1/3로 가장 많았고 다음이 외동딸로써 23.8%를 차지하였다. 반면 남성 알코올리즘에서는 장남이 46.7%였다.(p〈0.01). 3) 여성 알코올리즘이 사회경제적 수준에서 더 낮았다(p〈0,01). 4) 여성 알코올리즘의 음주시작동기는 대인관계를 위한 사교목적, 심리적 갈등이나 다른 정신적인 문제, 가족들과의 갈등 등이 비슷하게 많았다. 그러나 남성 알코올리즘에서는 대인관계를 위한 사교목적으로 음주하는 경우가 절대적으로 많았다.(p〈0.05). 5) 처음으로 음주를 시작한 연령은 여성 알코올리즘보다는 남성 알코올리즘에서 유의하게 더 어린 연령에서 시작하였다.(p〈0.001). 6) 1일 평균 음주량은 여성 알코올리즘에서 유의하게 더 적었다.(p〈0.01). 7) 금단증상경험, 알코올성 신체장애 및 음주로 인한 법적 처벌경험도 남성 알코올리즘보다는 여성 알코올리즘에서 유의하게 더 낮았다.(p〈0.05). 8) SCL-90-R에서 PSY척도에서 유의하게 여성 알코올리즘군에서 더 높았고, EPQ에서는 L척도에서 유의하게 여성 알코올리즘이 더 높았다(p〈0.05). 결론적으로 본 연구는 심리적 요인과 사회적 요인이 남녀 알코올리즘간에서 많은 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 여성 알코올리즘의 원인에는 심리적 또는 사회인구학적 요인이 더 밀접하게 연관이 되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. Objective : This study was designed to compare the characteristics of demographic data, clinical features, and personality in male and female alcoholics and to identify the clinically meaningful differences in the etiologies and the clinical features between the two groups. Methods : The study group was composed of 30 males and 21 females who were recruited into the impatient treatment. The researchers used self-reporting questionnaire composed of demographic data and drinking patterns, Michigan alcoholism screening test(MAST), self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and self-rating depression scale(SDS) of Zung, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI), symptom Checklist-90-revision(SCL-90-R), and Eysenck personality questionnaire(EPQ). The differences between the two groups were tested by chi-square test and independent-sample t-test. Result : 1) Education level of the female alcoholics was significantly less than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.05) and the birth order the female alcoholics was significantly higher than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.05). 2) The level of socioeconomic status of female alcoholics was significantly lower than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.01). 3) The initial motivations of female alcoholics were mainly due to social, psychological, and intrafamilial problems while those of male alcoholics were due to social problems. There were significant difference between the two groups(p〈0.05). 4) The onset of initial drinking in female alcoholics was significantly earlier than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.001). 5) The average amount of daily drinking in female alcoholics was significantly less than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.01). 6) Withdrawal symptoms, physical disorder, and social or legal problems induced by alcohol drinking in female alcoholics were significantly less than those of male alcoholics(p〈0.05). 7) The mean scores of PSY scale of SCL90R and of L scale of EPQ in female alcoholics were significantly higher than those of male alcoholics(p〈0.05). Conclusion : Demographic and psychosocial factors differed to a significant degree between male and female alcoholism. We suggest that these factors are more important in female alcoholism than in male one in the etiologies and the clinical features. These differences are due to more complex factors rather than simple ones, thus the further evaluations are needed to elucidate the differences in the etiologies between male and female alcoholism.

음주 습관

양진모 대한의사협회 2004 대한의사협회지 Vol.47 No.3

외국의 음주관련 통계지표 생산현황 및 시사점

송현종,김동진,이호진 알코올과 건강행동학회 2008 알코올과 건강행동연구 Vol.9 No.1

술은 우리 인간과 떨어질 수 없는 음료로서 적당한 양의 알코올은 식욕을 증진시키고 위액의 분비를 항진시켜 소화능력을 좋게 하며, 중추신경에 작용하여 스트레스를 해소시켜 주고 우리 몸에 유익한 HDL-콜레스테롤을 상승시켜 주기도 한다. 그러나 술을 지나치게 마시면 궤양, 지방간, 알코올성 간염 등을 발병시킬 뿐 아니라 판단이나 감정 조절 능력을 잃게 되며, 운동 기능과 반사 기능이 떨어진다. 또한 뇌혈관 혈액의 알코올 농도를 높임으로써 대뇌의 활동을 억제하여 판단 및 판별 능력을 저하시키며 알코올의 진정효과에 대한 제어가 불가능해져 언행, 감정, 기억력 등에 장애가 오고 이것이 계속되면 사망에까지 이르게 된다(노인철 등, 1997). 우리나라 40대의 사망원인 중 간질환이 높은 위치를 차지하고 있으며(통계청, 2007), 음복문화, 약술문화 등 음주에 대하여 관대한 인식이 형성되어 음주의 폐해가 다른 국가들에 비하여 더욱 가중될 수 있어서 알코올 남용, 알코올 의존의 문제 음주가 다른 국가에 비하여 높다는 보고가 있었다(이정균, 1998). 또한 음주에 의한 사회경제적 비용은 2000년 기준 약 14.5조원으로 GDP의 2.8%에 달하며(전현준, 2003), 이는 여타 주요 선진국에 비하여 높은 수준이었다. WHO, OECD에서는 음주 관련 지표를 표준화하여 제시하고 회원국에 이를 제출하도록 하였다. 또한 선진국의 경우 1970년대부터 음주량 및 음주 실태와 관련된 연구들이 지속적으로 발표되어 왔으며, 이미 국가별로 알코올에 관련된 지표를 개발하여 사용하고 있거나 알코올과 관련된 통계를 주기적으로 생산하고 있다. 미국의 경우 Healthy People 2010의 약물남용 부분에서 알코올 문제를 다루고 있는데 그 목표에 음주 관련 교통사고 사망자 및 부상자 수, 간경변 사망자 수, 음주 관련 응급실 방문, 청소년의 음주 운전자의 자동차 탑승, 음주 관련 폭력, 음주로 인한 생산성 손실, 청소년의 음주 시작 시기, 고등학교 학생의 폭음, 대학생의 폭음, 성인의 폭음, 연간 알코올 소비량, 저위험 음주 초과 음주자 수 등 매우 다양한 지표들을 포함하고 있다(DHHS, 2000a). 또한 이러한 지표는 인종별, 성별, 경제수준별로 구분하여 수집 및 분석되고 있어 알코올 관련 정책이 근거(evidence)에 바탕을 두고 수립되는 기반이 마련되었다고 할 수 있다. 영국에서는 매년 ‘Statistics on alcohol’를 발표하고 있는데, 이 통계집에는 성인 및 청소년의 음주 빈도, 음주량, 주당 알코올 소비량, 알코올에 대한 지식 정도 등을 사회경제적 특성에 따라 산출하여 수록하고 있으며, 가정에서의 알코올 소비량, 알코올 관련 사망 및 의료이용, 알코올 의존, 임신 중 음주, 범죄, 음주 운전, 음주 관련 교통사고 등에 대한 자료를 포함하고 있다(Department of Health, 2004). 우리나라에서 음주 문제가 심각함에도 불구하고 음주 관련 통계 및 지표는 미흡한 실정이다. 우리나라 국민의 음주에 대한 행태를 파악할 수 있는 자료는 국민건강영양조사 등으로 매우 한정적이다. 더욱이 어떠한 항목을 음주관련 통계로 생산할 것인지 어떻게 생산할 것인지에 대한 논의가 미흡하였다고 할 수 있으며 이에 대한 연구도 부족하였다. 그런데 이러한 논의를 위해서는 외국의 음주 관련 통계 및 지표 산출 현황을 고찰하여 우리나라의 실정에 적합하게 적용할 수 있도록 하는 것이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 WHO 등 국제기구를 비롯하여 미국, 영국 등 음주관련 통계 및 지표를 체계적으로 생산하고 있는 선진국의 현황을 고찰하고 이를 토대로 한국에 주는 시사점을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. In Korea, since drinking alcohol in mealtime or sacrificial rites has been recognized as culture, alcohol problem has been held in low account. Previous studies showed that Korean economic cost caused by alcohol and alcohol dependency rate were higher than other developed countries. However, discussions and studies about indicators and statistics regarding alcohol are insufficient while alcohol related national reports have been published among the developed countries. This study offers the comprehensive analysis of alcohol indicators and statistics in major foreign countries, and international organizations(eg. OECD, WHO) by reviewing national or international reports and related web-sites. Ultimately it drives policy suggestions for Korea. First of all, in producing the indicators and statistics of alcohol, the foreign countries have various data source despite of duplicating in cost-efficiency aspect. Since Korea has very restricted data source for alcohol statistics especially in quantity, imperfect standardization, and difficulty of local data production. While indicators and statistics about attitude and knowledge of drinking alcohol are found in the many countries' national reports, it is necessary to develop these indicators and producing mechanism adjustable to Korea. Korea has presented the alcohol consumption of adult to international organizations, but it doesn't contain the unofficial alcohol consumption. It is necessary to develop the mechanism of producing statistics for unofficial alcohol consumption. Developed countries and international organizations emphasize the cost of alcohol data. Since Korea has no national statistics about that, consistent support to relating researches.