정신분열병에서 어의처리 과제 수행에 따른 뇌활성화 양상의 특성

김재진,석정호,권준수,이동수,이명철 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.2

Prospects of Activated Sludge Process in Japan - Its Past, Present, and Future -

Masanori Fujita 한국습지학회 2007 한국습지학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Our life totally depends on activated sludgeprocess for treatment of wastewater: sewage and industrial wastewater. Activated sludge process was the epoch-making technology in Environmental field. One century has been almost passed since the process was developed in England, and the process is still on the development of improvement. Here, history of activated sludge process, its mechanismsof treating the wastewater, expectations that we had on the process in the past, and future image and possibility on the process were presented. By reviewing the events related to the process, we can foresee potentials for new possibility of activated sludge process.

A Comparative Analysis of Two Different Wastewater Treatment Processes in Actual Wastewater Treatment Plants

배헌균 계명대학교 자연과학연구소 2018 Quantitative Bio-Science Vol.37 No.1

In this study, two different wastewater treatment systems, a conventional activated sludge process and pure oxygen activated sludge process, used at a municipal wastewater treatment facility in California were investigated. Their BOD and NH3 removal efficiencies, sludge productions, and economic efficiencies were compared. The BOD removal efficiency of the conventional activated sludge process (92.4~95.4%) is similar to that of the pure oxygen activated sludge process (91.9~96.2%). Further, both processes showed poor NH3 removal efficiencies; 9~18% for the conventional activated sludge process and 0~11.1% for the pure oxygen activated sludge process. Such poor NH3 removal efficiencies are probably because these processes are optimized for BOD removal. The pure oxygen activated sludge process produced 2~3 times more sludge than the conventional activated sludge process. The pure oxygen activated sludge process was slightly more economically efficient than the conventional activated sludge process (saved about 0.3 million $/yr).

A Comparative Analysis of Two Different Wastewater Treatment Processes in Actual Wastewater Treatment Plants

Hun-Kyun Bae 계명대학교 자연과학연구소 2018 Quantitative Bio-Science Vol.37 No.1

In this study, two different wastewater treatment systems, a conventional activated sludge process and pure oxygen activated sludge process, used at a municipal wastewater treatment facility in California were investigated. Their BOD and NH₃ removal efficiencies, sludge productions, and economic efficiencies were compared. The BOD removal efficiency of the conventional activated sludge process (92.4~95.4%) is similar to that of the pure oxygen activated sludge process (91.9~96.2%). Further, both processes showed poor NH₃ removal efficiencies; 9~18% for the conventional activated sludge process and 0~11.1% for the pure oxygen activated sludge process. Such poor NH₃ removal efficiencies are probably because these processes are optimized for BOD removal. The pure oxygen activated sludge process produced 2~3 times more sludge than the conventional activated sludge process. The pure oxygen activated sludge process was slightly more economically efficient than the conventional activated sludge process (saved about 0.3 million $/yr).

이중언어 사용자의 음운처리에 나타나는 두 언어의 병행 활성화

이수연(Su-Yeon Lee),홀리 스토켈(Holly L. Storkel) 한국언어청각임상학회 2012 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.17 No.1

배경 및 목적: 본 연구는 음소배열확률이 이중언어 사용자의 음운처리에 미치는 영향을 조사하고, 두 언어의 활성화와 상호작용을 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법: 첫 번째 연구에 참여한 집단은 세 집단 (한국어 사용 아동, 영어 사용 아동, 한국어-영어 이중언어 사용 아동)으로, 각 집단마다 24명의 아동이 각 언어의 음소배열확률이 서로 비슷한 무의미 단어들로 구성된 변별과제에 참여하였다. 두 번째 연구에서는 24명의 한국어-영어 이중언어 사용 아동이 변별과제에 참여하였다. 과제에 포함된 무의미 단어들은 각 언어의 음소배열확률이 서로 상반되는 단어들로 구성되었다. 결과: 첫 번째 연구 결과, 세 집단 모두 음소배열확률이 높은 단어를 더 빠르게 인지한 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째 연구 결과, 영어 음성 환경에서는 영어 음소배열확률이 낮은 단어가 더 빠르고 정확히 인지되었다. 한국어 음성 환경에서는 한국어 음소배열확률이 낮은 단어가 더 빠르고 정확히 인지되었으나, 통계적으로 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 논의 및 결론: 두 언어의 음소배열확률의 차이에 따라 다르게 나타난 반응의 차이는, 두 언어의 음소배열확률이 병행적으로 활성화되어 상호영향을 미치고 있다는 것을 의미한다고 할 수 있다. 또한, 본 연구의 결과는 각 언어의 음소배열확률이 미치는 영향력의 차이를 보여주며, 언어의 상태 (모국어나 제2언어)에 따른 병행 활성화 강도의 차이로 해석된다. Background & Objectives: The present research examined the influence of phonotactic probability on phonological processing when phonotactic probability was matched (Experiment 1) or mismatched (Experiment 2) between the bilingual speakers’ two languages. Methods: In Experiment 1, three groups of children participated: English monolinguals, Korean monolinguals, and Korean-English bilinguals. A same-different task with non-word stimuli was used. The non-words were matched in phonotactic probability across the two languages (i.e., English-low/Korean-low versus English-high/Korean-high). In Experiment 2, only bilingual children participated in a same-different task with non-word stimuli mismatched in phonotactic probability. Specifically, phonological processing of English-low/Korean-high versus English-high/Koreanlow non-words was examined across two phonetic contexts (i.e., English-phonetic and Koreanphonetic). Results: Results of Experiment 1 showed that all three groups responded more rapidly to English-high/Korean-high than to English-low/Korean-low non-words. This result replicates past findings of the facilitative effects of phonotactic probability for English monolinguals and extends to Korean monolinguals and Korean-English bilinguals. Results of Experiment 2 showed a significant interaction between phonotactic probability and phonetic context. In the English-phonetic context, English-low/Korean-high non-words were responded to more accurately and quickly than English-high/Korean-low non-words. In contrast, in the Koreanphonetic context, English-high/Korean-low non-words tended to be responded to more accurately and quickly than English-low/Korean-high non-words. Discussion & Conclusion: The results from the present study show that bilinguals encounter competition effects of phonotactic probability on phonological processing when the probability is mismatched across two languages. This competition effect from mismatched probability suggests the presence of parallel activation of both languages in phonological processing. Combined with the results of Experiment 1, the magnitude of parallel activation was found to vary across the native and non-native languages. Specifically, both facilitation and competition effects were significant in non-native (English) language processing, while the effects were not significant in native (Korean) language processing. Such an asymmetry in the magnitude of parallel activation between the native and non-native languages is consistent with previous findings of parallel activation in bilingual lexical processing. Taken together, the findings of the current study suggest that phonological representations of the two languages are activated simultaneously, and language status may be a factor that mediates the magnitude of parallel activation.

Anti-inflammatory activities of crocetin derivatives from processed Gardenia jasminoides

Yun Jung Hong,양기숙 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.8

This study was designed to investigate changesof anti-oxidant and anti-nitric oxide (NO) productionactivities of Gardenia jasminoides (Gj) by roast processing,and anti-inflammatory activities of crocetin derivativesisolated from Gj. In order to evaluate anti-oxidantand anti-inflammatory activities, DPPH radical scavengingactivities and inhibitory activities against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced NO production were determined. Thenwe isolated crocin (1), gentiobiosyl glucosyl crocetin (3),and mono-gentiobiosyl crocetin (4) from the fruit of Gj,and crocetin (2) from the processed fruit of Gj (PGj) bycolumn chromatography. Their structures were based onspectroscopic methods including IR, MS, and NMR (1Dand 2D). Then we assayed contents of crocetin derivativesby HPLC analysis. These crocetin derivatives were evaluatedthe inhibitory activities on NO production in LPSstimulatedmacrophage RAW 264.7 cells and expressionsof protein and m-RNA of iNOS and COX-2 by westernblot analysis and RT-PCR experiment. The DPPH radicalscavenging activities were increased and NO productionsin LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were decreased dosedependentlyby processing. Crocin contents weredecreased and crocetin contents were increased by processingin HPLC analysis. Compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4reduced NO production in a dose-dependent manner withIC50 values of 58.9 lM (1), 29.9 lM (2), 31.1 lM (3), and37.6 lM (4) respectively. Crocetin (2) showed the mostpotent anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 = 29.9 lM), andcompound 3 and 4 were firstly measured for inhibitoryactivities on NO production. Their correlation betweenstructure and activity was not clear but the activity ofaglycone type showed the most potent activity. They alsosuppressed the protein and m-RNA expressions of iNOSand COX-2 in LPS-activated macrophage. These resultssuggest that anti-oxidant and anti-NO production activitiesof Gj were increased by processing, and increased antiinflammatoryactivities of Gj by processing were due tothe increase of crocetin, the aglycone that has greateractivity than crocin.

지역사회 노인들의 감각 처리 양상과 관련한 여가 활동 상관성에 대한 조사

김하나,정상미 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2024 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.18 No.1

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sensory processing and leisure activities among community-dwelling older adults by identifying their sensory processing and participation in leisure activities and examining the correlation between the two variables. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on 104 elderly people living in City Y for 15 weeks, asking them about their sensory profiles and leisure activities in each domain of Korean adolescents and adults. The results were statistically analysed using SPSS version 25.0. The results showed that the mean scores of sensory processing ability, 'sensory sensitivity' and 'sensory avoidance' of the elderly were found to be 'similar to most people', while 'decreased sensory registration' and 'sensory searching' were found to be 'lower than most people', and they were less likely to seek environmental stimuli above their neurological thresholds. In addition, 'decreased sensory registration' was significantly correlated with instrumental daily activities and 'sensory searching' with overall leisure activities. Sensory sensitivity was significantly associated with community and sensory avoidance was significantly associated with educational activities. As a result, there is a correlation between sensory processing and participation in domain-specific leisure activities in older adults. Therefore, it is important for older adults to participate in leisure activities that are appropriate for their sensory processing in order to enjoy life and remain active.

수치에 의한 생약의 항산화 활성 및 성분 변화

차배천,전경수 한국생약학회 2012 생약학회지 Vol.43 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the change of antioxidant activity and ingredient in 4 species medicinal plant by processing. As a result, EtOAc extract and n-BuOH extract obtained from Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma and processed Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma showed difference on the experiment of antioxidant activity by DPPH method. Change of ingredient also was confirmed by TLC and HPLC analyses. Two main compounds of antioxidant activity change were isolated by column chromatography from the EtOAc extract and n-BuOH extract of Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma. The chemical structure of the compound 1 isolated from EtOAc extract of Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma was elucidated as 2'-acetylacteoside by means of IR and NMR analyses. Also, the chemical structure of the compound 2 isolated from n-BuOH extract of Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma was confirmed as acteoside. The antioxidant activity of processed Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma. was declined by 3 time decrements of 2'-acetylacteoside such as 1.89 mg/g to 0.62 mg/g and 2 time decrements of acteoside such as 5.81 mg/g to 2.67 mg/g by processing.

Prospects of Activated Sludge Process in Japan - Its Past, Present, and Future -

Fujita, Masanori Korean Wetlands Society 2007 한국습지학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Our life totally depends on activated sludgeprocess for treatment of wastewater: sewage and industrial wastewater. Activated sludge process was the epoch-making technology in Environmental field. One century has been almost passed since the process was developed in England, and the process is still on the development of improvement. Here, history of activated sludge process, its mechanismsof treating the wastewater, expectations that we had on the process in the past, and future image and possibility on the process were presented. By reviewing the events related to the process, we can foresee potentials for new possibility of activated sludge process.

보정 기법을 이용한 하수처리 활성오니 공정의 입출력 데이터 유효성 검증 및 전력절감에 관한 연구

남의석(Eui-Seok Nahm) 대한전기학회 2020 전기학회논문지 Vol.69 No.1

There are two major issues for activated sludge process in sewage treatment plant. One is how to make sewage be more clean and the other is the energy saving in sewage treatment process. In order to solve these issues, many studies has developed the model of activated sludge process in sewage treatment plant. But, these models was not effective in real field as to inaccurate or non-verified process data which is used in the model. So, this paper is aimed to verify process data for the performance enhancement of model and real field applications. The major monitoring data of activated sludge process are chemical oxygen demand, phosphorus, nitrogen, suspended solid in effluent. These are transmitted to the national TMS(Telemetry Monitoring System) at every hour. If these exceed the environmental standard, the environmental charges imposed in regular. So, these water qualities are to be controlled below the environmental standards and are very accurate in operation of sewage treatment plant. NH₄, DO(Dissolved Oxygen), MLSS(Mixed Liquid Suspended Solid) are major process data in activated sludge process. But these process data are not verified in the field because of long-using without calibrations. Many operators of the activated sludge process has no confidence in these data as to these reasons and so many research model has not be applied to field. Almost researches are only to focus on the performance of modeling in activated sludge process. Model structures or decision of input-output of model, parameter tuning are the major research theme. All these are need to pre-process input-output data which are to be used in modeling. So, data verification is to be performed before modeling. So, we propose the real-time calibration that the process data NH₄, DO, MLSS is to be verified by compensation method. The validity of the method is proved by applying to the fuzzy model of activated sludge process which was developed in previous research. The result show that the performance of the fuzzy model was improved.