이중언어 사용자의 음운처리에 나타나는 두 언어의 병행 활성화 = Parallel Activation in Bilingual Phonological Processing

국문 초록 (Abstract)

배경 및 목적: 본 연구는 음소배열확률이 이중언어 사용자의 음운처리에 미치는 영향을 조사하고, 두 언어의 활성화와 상호작용을 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법: 첫 번째 연구에 참여한 집단은 세 집단 (한국어 사용 아동, 영어 사용 아동, 한국어-영어 이중언어 사용 아동)으로, 각 집단마다 24명의 아동이 각 언어의 음소배열확률이 서로 비슷한 무의미 단어들로 구성된 변별과제에 참여하였다. 두 번째 연구에서는 24명의 한국어-영어 이중언어 사용 아동이 변별과제에 참여하였다. 과제에 포함된 무의미 단어들은 각 언어의 음소배열확률이 서로 상반되는 단어들로 구성되었다. 결과: 첫 번째 연구 결과, 세 집단 모두 음소배열확률이 높은 단어를 더 빠르게 인지한 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째 연구 결과, 영어 음성 환경에서는 영어 음소배열확률이 낮은 단어가 더 빠르고 정확히 인지되었다. 한국어 음성 환경에서는 한국어 음소배열확률이 낮은 단어가 더 빠르고 정확히 인지되었으나, 통계적으로 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 논의 및 결론: 두 언어의 음소배열확률의 차이에 따라 다르게 나타난 반응의 차이는, 두 언어의 음소배열확률이 병행적으로 활성화되어 상호영향을 미치고 있다는 것을 의미한다고 할 수 있다. 또한, 본 연구의 결과는 각 언어의 음소배열확률이 미치는 영향력의 차이를 보여주며, 언어의 상태 (모국어나 제2언어)에 따른 병행 활성화 강도의 차이로 해석된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Background & Objectives: The present research examined the influence of phonotactic probability on phonological processing when phonotactic probability was matched (Experiment 1) or mismatched (Experiment 2) between the bilingual speakers’ two languages. Methods: In Experiment 1, three groups of children participated: English monolinguals, Korean monolinguals, and Korean-English bilinguals. A same-different task with non-word stimuli was used. The non-words were matched in phonotactic probability across the two languages (i.e., English-low/Korean-low versus English-high/Korean-high). In Experiment 2, only bilingual children participated in a same-different task with non-word stimuli mismatched in phonotactic probability. Specifically, phonological processing of English-low/Korean-high versus English-high/Koreanlow non-words was examined across two phonetic contexts (i.e., English-phonetic and Koreanphonetic). Results: Results of Experiment 1 showed that all three groups responded more rapidly to English-high/Korean-high than to English-low/Korean-low non-words. This result replicates past findings of the facilitative effects of phonotactic probability for English monolinguals and extends to Korean monolinguals and Korean-English bilinguals. Results of Experiment 2 showed a significant interaction between phonotactic probability and phonetic context. In the English-phonetic context, English-low/Korean-high non-words were responded to more accurately and quickly than English-high/Korean-low non-words. In contrast, in the Koreanphonetic context, English-high/Korean-low non-words tended to be responded to more accurately and quickly than English-low/Korean-high non-words. Discussion & Conclusion: The results from the present study show that bilinguals encounter competition effects of phonotactic probability on phonological processing when the probability is mismatched across two languages. This competition effect from mismatched probability suggests the presence of parallel activation of both languages in phonological processing. Combined with the results of Experiment 1, the magnitude of parallel activation was found to vary across the native and non-native languages. Specifically, both facilitation and competition effects were significant in non-native (English) language processing, while the effects were not significant in native (Korean) language processing. Such an asymmetry in the magnitude of parallel activation between the native and non-native languages is consistent with previous findings of parallel activation in bilingual lexical processing. Taken together, the findings of the current study suggest that phonological representations of the two languages are activated simultaneously, and language status may be a factor that mediates the magnitude of parallel activation.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 연구 방법
• Ⅲ. 연구 결과
• Ⅳ. 논의 및 결론
• 참고문헌
• ABSTRACT
• REFERENCES

참고문헌 (Reference)

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