일반논문 : 교육과정 탐구주제로서의 자기배려(self-care): 쿠레레(currere)를 통한 자기이해(self-understanding)

정정훈 ( Jung Hoon Jung ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2015 교육문화연구 Vol.21 No.5

교육적 담론으로서 배려는 ``타인을 위한 배려``가 주류를 이루고 있으며, 남성 중심적이고 배려하는 사람 중심의 단방향적이고 때로는 왜곡된 배려가 교육적 사회적 문제를 야기하고 한국 교육문화에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 있음은 안타까운 일이다. 나는 자신을 배려하지 않는 사람이 왜곡된 방식으로 타인을 배려하는 경향이 크다는 점을 지적하며, 이 문제 개선을 위한 한 방법으로 자기이해를 통한 자기배려를 제안한다. 이를 위해 이 논문은 타인을 위한 왜곡된 배려의 문제점 지적과 자기배려의 당위성을 논한 후 자기이해가 어떻게 자기배려의 한 방법이 될 수 있는지 숙고할 것이다. 나아가 자기배려적 관점에서 교육은 어떤 모습이 될 수 있을지 제안하고자 한다. 2000년이 넘는 시간 차이를 두고 동양과 서양에 살았던 두 선각자 Socrates와 최시형으로부터 우리는 자기배려가 ``신으로부터 주어진 가장 숭고하면서도 거부할 수 없는 개인의 의무``라는 것을 배울 수 있다. 그들은 또한 그것의 실천에 있어 ``오늘-여기``에서 자신과 유연하고 창의적인 관계를 맺는 윤리적 주체가 되어야 함을 가르쳐준다. 이를 위해 우리는 우리의 관점, 행동, 그리고 일상적 삶을 규정짓는 요소들에 끊임없이 의문을 제기해야한다. 이를 통해 우리는 우리를 조건 짓는 구조들에 완전히 굴복하지 않고, 새롭게 생각하고, 행동하고, 나아가 새로운 삶을 살아갈 수 있다. 현재의 삶이 유일하며 필연적인 것이 아니라는 것을 깨닫기 위해서 우리는 자신을 이해할 필요가 있다. 본 논문은 자서전적 탐구를 통한 자기이해가 보다 실존적이고 유연한 자기-자기 관계로의 가능성을 열어주고, 자신만의 기준으로 주체적으로 살아갈 수 있는 출발점을 제공해 준다는 점에서 자기배려의 한 방법이 될 수 있다고 제안한다. The concept of care has been mainly focused on care-for-others in educational discourses. The discourses have been dominated by male perspectives, and the caring approaches were linear rather than communal or reciprocal. Korean education has been negatively affected by those kinds of practices of those who do not care for them selves. Considering the dare consequence of ``poisonous pedagogy`` this article first discusses the primacy and educational significance of self-care. It then suggest that self-understanding through autobiographical inquiry can be a way for self-care. It finally proposes how an education with respect to self-care looks like. Socrates and Haewol teach us that care-for-the-self is essential in our lives: it is impossible to deny or reject it; care-for-the-self is extended to care-for-others; for self-care one shall consider ``here-and-now``, and become an agency that builds creative relationship with self. To do so, one needs continuously to question external structures that condition us, the way one lives, and thinks. One should not entirely resort to structures, and one needs to and can create new ways of lives. I suggest that this study may open new possibilities for self-understanding to be a way of making anew self-self relationship, which thus can be a way of self-care in that self-understanding may provide one with an opportunity for one to live with one`s own standards.

Differences in psychological effects of nail-care service according to consumer’s self-esteem

Kyung Ja Seo,Mi Young Kim 복식문화학회 2018 服飾文化硏究 Vol.26 No.4

Nail-care services are growing rapidly. If causes for the increase in nail-care service consumption is diversion or self-satisfaction, we can speculate that consumers perform self-care through nail-care services. Nail-care-service consumption should be allowed to increase because of the positive psychological effects such as improving mood or alleviating depressed emotions. Moreover, the psychological effects of nail-care services differ according to consumers’ tendencies. Therefore, this study divides the types of consumers, to investigate whether there is a difference in the psychological effects of nail-care services depending on the types. This study used the questionnaire survey method. Results of the study revealed that the sub-factors of self-esteem, extracted as two factors, were “personal self-esteem” and “social self-esteem”. Consumers were classified according to the sub-factors of self-esteem into four groups. There were differences in the psychological effects of nail-care services according to these four groups. It was found that all groups had psychological effects above the average value. This result indicates that only the degrees of psychological effects differ in accordance with the types of self-esteem, and that psychological effects generally play a large role in all types. Since psychological effects were positive for everyone regardless of their self-esteem, utilizing nail-care services considerably reduces the depression and anxiety of modern people. Nail-care services expected to become the basis of the nail therapy field.

아동의 방과 후 자기보호 유형별 자기조절학습능력과사회관계 및 학업성취에 관한 연구

박은정,이유리,이성훈 교육종합연구원 2015 교육종합연구 Vol.13 No.4

The purpose of this study was to analyze the background factors that affect children's after-school self-care types and to grasp the impact of self-regulated learning ability by self-care types and social relations in school on academic achievement. The data used for this study came from the 2012 Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey in which the participants consisted of a total of 4,323 (2,156 third graders and 2,167 sixth graders) elementary school students. The main results of this study were as follows. First, the grade of children, employment status of mothers, and presence of living with grandparents were revealed to be the common variables influencing on adult care, temporary self-care, and continuous self-care. Also the mothers' educational levels and household income were shown to affect solely on adult care and continuous self-care, whereas gender of the child appeared to affect only continuous self-care. Second, self-regulated learning ability showed a positive effect on academic achievement in all types of self-care of adult care, temporary self-care, and continuous self-care. Third, in all types of self-care, the better the relationship with peers, the higher the level of academic achievement. Moreover, teacher relationship showed a positive impact on only adult care and continuous self-care. Based upon the results of this study, social problems on after-school child care were discussed and several policy measures to solve child care and educational problems were suggested.

당뇨캠프에 참석한 당뇨병환아의 자기간호수행에 관한 조사연구

한경자,최명애,강창희,구미옥 서울대학교 간호대학 간호과학연구소 1995 간호학 논문집 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to identify the degrees of performing self-care activities, knowledge about juvenile diabetes mellitus and symptom experience, and to investigate the performance of self-care activities by general characteristics, knowledge, symptom experience. The ultimate aim was to provide a basic data in developing nursing intervention for the children with diabetes mellitus. The subjects of this study were 42 juvenile diabetic children aged between 8 and 18 who had participated in a diabetes mellitus camp for diabetic children from July 7 to 10,1990. The subjects filled out questionnaires with knowledge about diabetes mellitus, symptom experience of diabetes mellitus, performance of self-care activities during the last 2 days of the camp. Four nursing students who had experienced with nursing care of diabetic children explained the content of the questionnaires ot the subjects. The results were as follows: 1. Mean score of performing self-care activities was 52.95, that of self-care about diet 15.68, that of self-care about blood glucose control 25.69, and that of self-care about general care 11.59. That is, 75.6% of the subjects performed self-care activities, 62.7% self-care about diet, 85.6% self-care about blood glucose control, and 77.3% self-care about general care. 2. Fifteen subjects (65.7%)scored 12 to 14, 10(23.8%) scored 10 to 11,and 7(16.7%) scored 7 to 9 in the total of 14 questions of the knowledge of diabetes mellitus. Mean score of it was 0.79 on a 0-1 point scale. 3. Of the subjects, 22 (52,4%) experienced 4 to 6 symptoms, 14 subjects 1 to 3 symptoms, and the rest 7 to 9 symptoms. Twenty-five subjects (59.5%) had no complication of diabetes mellitus, while 9(21.4%) experienced 1 complication. 4. Mean score of performing self-care about diet in diabetic children aged between 8 and 12 was significantly higher than that of those aged between 13 and 18 (P=0.0026). 5. Mean score of performing self-care about diet in primary school children was significantly greater than that of high school adolescents(P=0.003). 6. There was no significant difference in performing self-care activities, self-care activities about diet, blood glucose control, and general care by gender, religion, duration of illness, experience of hospitalization, number of participation of diabetes mellitus camp, and family history of diabetes mellitus. 7. No significant difference was observed in performing self-care activities and self-care activities about diet, blood glucose control and general care by the level of knowledge about diabetes mellitus. 8. There was no significant difference in performing self-care activities, self-care activities about diet, blood glucose control, and general care by the degree of symptom experience. These results suggest that the age is an important variable in self-care activities of diabetic children. Nursing intervention might be essential to reinforce the self-care activities for high school adolescents and to maintain the self-care activities for primary school children. And the content of existing diabetes mellitus camp program may be revised or added by the age in order to promote the practice of self-care activities of diabetic children.

Self-care use patterns in the UK, US, Australia, and Japan: a multinational web-based survey

문수정,박정환,백승민,이민희,최선미,이상훈 한국한의학연구원 2016 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.5 No.2

Background The trend toward patient- or consumer-centered healthcare has been accelerated by advances in technology, consumer empowerment, and a shift from infectious to chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the growing self-care market by analyzing self-care patterns. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, web-based survey involving adults from nine major cities in the UK, the USA, Australia, and Japan. This study examined the extent and frequency of self-care, self-care expenditure, sources of self-care information, and reasons for self-care in each country. Results The results showed that the prevalence of self-care was highest in Japan (54.9%), followed by the UK (43.1%), the USA (42.5%), and Australia (40.4%). The primary reason for practicing self-care was “to manage my healthcare myself” (cited by 45.7%, 59.5%, 49.2%, and 4.1% of participants in Australia, Japan, the UK, and the USA, respectively). Significant linear associations were observed between age and the prevalence of self-care in all countries (p < 0.05), indicating that self-care prevalence decreased with age in the UK, the USA, and Australia, and increased with age in Japan. The frequency with which self-care was practiced was positively correlated with age in the USA (p < 0.05), Australia (p < 0.01), and Japan (p < 0.05). In addition to acquaintances, internet search engines and information obtained from pharmacies were considered reliable and widely used sources of self-care information. Conclusion When developing self-care products or services, healthcare providers and policymakers should consider self-care patterns.

Factors Influencing Self-care Behaviors in Elderly Hemodialysis Patients

Su-Jeong Han,Hye-Won Kim 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.8 No.6

A growing number of patients are supported by dialysis in older age. Care of these patients can be challenging due to chronic healthcare conditions, diminished quality of life, and an increased risk of death. The purposes of this study were to measure self-care behaviors in elderly hemodialysis (HD) patients and to identify variables associated with self-care behaviors. The subjects were 113 elderly patients on HD who visited a tertiary hospital in Seoul between November 5th and 30th, 2012, and consented to participate in the study. The SPSS WIN 15.0 program was used of data analysis. The mean score for self-care behaviors was 3.14. Caring for an arteriovenous fistula, followed by taking medication showed the highest scores for self-care activities, and engaging in social activities and diet control showed the lowest scores. The mean score for social support was 76.8. Significant negative correlation was observed between self-care behaviors and serum phosphorus, and potassium concentration, and significant positive correlation was observed between self-care behaviors and social support. Age, education level, and social support predicted value accounted for 36.8% of the variance in self-care behaviors in elderly hemodialysis patients. Dialysis providers should recognize self-care behaviors as an important nursing issue for elderly hemodialysis patients, and self-care and self-efficacy training should be provided to improve patients’ confidence in performing self-care behaviors.

Validity and Reliability of the Korean version of the Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory

Seung Yeon Kong 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Background: Self-care in daily life is important for diabetic patients to maintain target blood sugar, prevent complications, and improve their quality of life. AADE proposes seven areas of self-care. Among self-care tools currently used, the majority of them only focus on one part of self-care. Therefore, a tool that enables practical evaluation and understanding of self-care, including psychological area, problem solving ability, and complication prevention is needed. Purpose: To evaluate validity and reliability of the Korean version of Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (SCODI). Methods: Type 2 diabetic patients (N = 210) from a university hospital who agreed to participate in this study from November 1st, 2018 to June 30th, 2019 were enrolled. Content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity were evaluated. Cronbach’s α was used to assess reliability. IBM SPSS Amos and SPSS WIN 22.0 software were used for data analyses. Results: The SCODI Korean version consisted of 40 items in four dimensions. Four factors (activity-nutritional behavior, health-adherence behavior, health-promotion behavior, diet-restriction behavior) in the dimension of self-care maintenance, two factors (health status monitoring, symptom recognition) in the dimension of self-care monitoring, three factors (glucose self-control, problem solving behavior, consultative self-care) in the self-care management dimension, and one factor (Self-care Confidence) in the dimension of confidence were extracted. Confirmatory factor analysis supported good fit and reliable scores for the Korean version of the SCODI model (χ²/df <5, RMSEA < 0.1, CFI ≥ 0.9, GFI ≥ 0.9). The Korean SCODI showed a high positive correlation coefficient of .75 with SDSCA, confirming the convergent validity. Cronbach’s α was 0.92 for the overall scale and 0.69 to 0.90 for the four dimensions. Conclusions: The Korean version SCODI is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes in Korea.

Effects of Self-Care Intervention on Self-Care and Health Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

류세앙,김윤희 전남대학교 간호과학연구소 2022 Nursing and Health Issues(NHI) Vol.27 No.2

This review aimed to determine the effectiveness of self-care intervention in patients with heart failure. Methods: An electronic database search was conducted with PubMed, OVID-MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Google Scholar, and hand searches from February 1 to 4, 2021. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, assessed their methodological quality, and extracted relevant data. We conducted a meta-analysis of the effect of self-care versus usual care using R 4.1.0 and summarized the results of intervention from the included studies. Results: Of the 6,368 articles identified, 55 randomized control trials met the inclusion criteria for review. Self-care interventions significantly improved self-care (SMD=0.87 [95% CI: 0.70, 1.03]). In the subdomain of self-care, it was effective in improving self-care behavior (SMD=0.80 [95% CI: 0.59, 1.02]), self-care maintenance (SMD=0.99 [95% CI: 0.59, 1.38]), self-care management (SMD=1.03 [95% CI: 0.60, 1.46]), and self-care confidence (SMD=0.63 [95% CI: 0.33, 0.93]). There was a significant improvement in quality of life (SMD=0.53 [95% CI: 0.27, 0.79]) and mortality (OR=0.70 [95% CI: 0.50, 0.95]). However, the pooled effects of readmission rate (OR=0.80 [95% CI: 0.59, 1.09]) were not significant. Conclusion: This review provided evidence that self-care intervention in patients with heart failure effectively improves self-care, reduces mortality, and improves the quality of life.

Factors affecting self-care behavior in Koreans with COPD

Elsevier 2017 Applied nursing research Vol.38 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Despite the importance of self-care in people with COPD, little is known about the effect of symptoms and symptom clusters on self-care behavior in people with exacerbated COPD. This study was designed to describe their level of self-care and to examine factors associated with self-care behavior, including symptoms and symptom clusters.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>For this cross-sectional descriptive study, the researcher recruited Koreans with exacerbated COPD (<I>N</I> =71) from three tertiary care hospitals. Self-care behavior was measured with Alberto Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Self-care Behavior Inventory. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data from structured interviews, questionnaires, and clinical measures.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Mean score of self-care behavior was 119.30. Level of education, comorbidities, emergency department visits during past year, general health perception, and education about exacerbation and symptom management explained 43.9% of total variance in self-care behavior. When individual symptoms were added to the regression model, anxiety accounted for the largest change in total variance in self-care behavior. When a symptom cluster group variable was added to the regression model, change in total variance in self-care behavior was significantly greater than change in variance from individual symptoms.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Study results indicate that nurses should assess level of self-care in people with COPD and provide them with appropriate education to improve their self-care behavior. Further, it will remind nurses to heed symptom levels and other variables that affect self-care behavior. COPD patients with a lower level of multiple symptoms should be targeted for intervention to improve self-care.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The level of self-care behavior in Koreans with exacerbated COPD was poor. </LI> <LI> Previous education on disease management was significantly associated with self-care behavior in Koreans with COPD. </LI> <LI> Symptom clusters have proved to be more significant predictors of self-care than single symptoms. </LI> </UL> </P>

초임부의 산정 자가간호 행위와 모성관련 지식에 관한 연구

박미숙,김혜원 대한간호학회 여성건강간호학회 2000 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.6 No.1