Novel Water-Air Circulation Quenching Process for AISI 4140 Steel

Liyun Zheng,Dawei Zheng1,Lixin Zhao,Lihui Wang,Kai Zhang 대한금속·재료학회 2013 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.19 No.6

AISI 4140 steel is usually used after quenching and tempering. During the heat treatment process in industry production, there are some problems, such as quenching cracks, related to water-cooling and low hardness due to oil quenching. A water-air circulation quenching process can solve the problems of quenching cracks with water and the high cost quenching with oil, which is flammable, unsafe and not enough to obtain the required hardness. The control of the water-cooling and air-cooling time is a key factor in the process. This paper focuses on the quenching temperature, water-air cycle time and cycle index to prevent cracking for AISI 4140 steel. The optimum heat treatment parameters to achieve a good match of the strength and toughness of AISI 4140 steel were obtained by repeated adjustment of the water-air circulation quenching process parameters. The tensile strength, Charpy impact energy at -10 °C and hardness of the heat treated AISI 4140 steel after quenching and tempering were approximately 1098 MPa, 67.5 J and 316 HB, respectively.

알록산 투여로 유발된 실험적 당뇨병에 대한 사인추출물의 치료 효과

노혜원,이지나,구본선,조정임,박진우,김형로 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.26 No.2

연구배경:사인추출물이 알록산에 의한 당뇨 유발을 억제하는 효과가 있음을 이미 확인하였던 바 사인 추출물이 췌장 베타세포가 손상되어 유발된 당뇨병의 치료에 사용할 수 있는지의 가능성을 알아보았다. 방법:실험적 당뇨는 알록산(60㎎/㎏)을 생쥐 꼬리 정맥을 통해 주사하여 유발시켰다. 당뇨에 미치는 사인추출물의 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 사인추출물의 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 사인추출물(2.5㎎/생쥐)을 하루에 두 번 생쥐 복강 내로 투여하였다. 당뇨에 미치는 사인추출물의 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 생쥐에 사인추출물을 처리한 다음 혈당 및 혈청 인슐린 농도 변화 및 조직학적인 소견으로 확인하였다. 결과:생쥐에 알록산을 투여하면 췌장 베타세포가 파괴되어 고혈당 및 hypoinsulinemia가 유발되었다. 사인추출물을 알록산 투여 전 2일 동안 전처리하면 알록산에 의한 고혈당이 완전히 억제되었다. 뿐만 아니라 알록산에 의해 유발된 췌장 베타세포의 손상은 사인추출물의 투여로 현저히 개선되어 혈당 및 혈청 인슐린 농도가 거의 정상 수준으로 회복되었다. 알록산을 투여한 생쥐의 췌장 소도는 정상군에 비해 수가 현저히 감소되었을 뿐 아니라 남아있는 소도의 크기도 현저히 줄어들어 있었으나, 사인추출물을 처리하면 모두 회복되어 정상군과 유사한 양상을 보였다. 결론:사인추출물은 알록산에 의해 유발되는 당뇨병을 억제하는 방어 작용 뿐만 아니라, 알록산 투여로 이미 손상된 췌장 베타세포를 개선시킬 수 있는 치료 효과작용도 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 이를 토대로 사인의 당뇨 개선 기전을 규명하면 당뇨병 치료제로서 이용할 수 있으리라 사료된다. Background : During the screening of natural products for potential antidiabetogenic components, a strong protective effect of Amomum xanthoides extract on alloxan-induced β-cell damage and in a mice diabetic model. In this study, the therapeutic effect of Amomum xanthoides extract was investigated after induction of diabetes by alloxan. Methods : Experimental diabetes was induced by the injection of alloxan(60mg/kg) to the mouse via the tail vein. To examine the effect the of Amomum xanthoides extract on diabetes, Amomum xanthoides extract (2.5mg/mouse) was admini-strated intraperitoneally. The effect of the Amomum xanthoides extract on alloxan-induced diabetes was observed by measuring the blood glucose and serum insulin level, and a histological examination. Results : Alloxan caused hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia by a selectively destroying pancreatic β-cell. Pretreating the with an Amoumum xanthoides extract completely protected them from the hyperglycemia induced by alloxan. In addition, the Amomum xanthoides extract administe 3 days after the of alloxan injection significantly abolished the hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia induced by alloxan. The alloxan-treated mice showed a marked change of in the pancreatic islets: the number of islets was reduced and the size of the remaining islets also decreased. However these effects of alloxan were significantly recovered by a later administration of the Amomum xanthoides extract. Conclusion : The amomum xanthoides extract contains potentially effective components, which both protect and treat alloxan-induced diabetes. The identification and action mechanism of the effective components of the Amomum xanthoides extract requires further investigation and it is suggested that the Amomum xanthoides extract be used as a therapeutic drug for diabetes(J Kor Diabetes 26:126~133, 2002).

Effects of Aqueous Extract of Schizandrae Fructus on Lead-Induced Change of Monoamine Neurotransmitters in Hippocampus

Zhao, Rong Jie,Zhao, Zheng Lin,Zhao, Xiu Feng,Zhao, Guang Wen,Li, Meng Quan,Wu, Yi Yan,Li, Jing Qiu,Guan, Li Xin,Kim, Sang-Chan The Korean Medicine Society for the Herbal Formula 2009 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

The effects of aqueous extract of Schizandrae Fructus (AESC) on lead (Pb)-induced changes of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus (HIP) of adult rats were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were received intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of Pb acetate (5 mg/kg/d) for 28 days and sacrificed 7 days after the last administration. Concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in HIP were measured by HPLC. There were significant decreases of NE, DA, 5-HT and 5-HIAA in Pb treated rats (P < 0.05), while pretreatment with AESC (100 mg/kg/d or 300 mg/kg/d, p.o., 2 h before Pb) greatly inhibited the decrease of monoamine transmitters, respectively (P < 0.05). Also, AESC (300 mg/kg/d) significantly increased the reduction of glutathione contents and superoxide dismutase activities in HIP induced by chronic Pb. These results suggest that AESC ameliorates Pb-induced depletion of monoamine neurotransmitters in HIP through its antioxidant activity.

Effects of Aqueous Extract of Schizandra Chinensis Fruit on Cadmium-Induced Change of Monoamine Neurotransmitters in Rats

Zheng Lin Zhao,Guang Wen Zhao,Li Li,Meng Quan Li,Li Xin Guan,Xu Dong Yang,Hou Zhong Li,Feng Lin,Jong Rok Lee,Rong Jie Zhao 한국독성학회 2009 Toxicological Research Vol.25 No.1

The effects of aqueous extract of Schizandra Chinensis Fruit (AESC) on cadmium-induced changes of monoamine neurotransmitters in the different brain regions of adult rats were investigated. Male rats were received intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of CdCl₂ (0.6 ㎎/㎏/d) for 21 days and sacrificed 7 days after the last administration. Concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) in striatum and serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in cortex were measured by HPLC. There were significant decreases of NE, DA, 5-HT and 5-HIAA in Cd intoxicated rats (P < 0.05), while pretreatment with AESC (20 ㎎/㎏/d or 60 mg/kg/d, p.o., 30 min before CdCl₂) greatly inhibited the decrease of monoamine transmitters, respectively (P < 0.05). Also, AESC significantly increased the reduction of glutathione contents and superoxide dismutase activities in cortex induced by CdCl₂. These results suggest that AESC ameliorates Cd-induced depletion of monoamine neurotransmitters in brain through its antioxidant activity.

Effects of Aqueous Extract of Schizandra Chinensis Fruit on Cadmium-Induced Change of Monoamine Neurotransmitters in Rats

Zhao, Zheng Lin,Zhao, Guang Wen,Li, Li,Li, Meng Quan,Guan, Li Xin,Yang, Xu Dong,Li, Hou Zhong,Lin, Feng,Lee, Jong-Rok,Zhao, Rong Jie Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2009 Toxicological Research Vol.26 No.1

The effects of aqueous extract of Schizandra Chinensis Fruit (AESC) on cadmium-induced changes of monoamine neurotransmitters in the different brain regions of adult rats were investigated. Male rats were received intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of CdCl2 (0.6 mg/kg/d) for 21 days and sacrificed 7 days after the last administration. Concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) in striatum and serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in cortex were measured by HPLC. There were significant decreases of NE, DA, 5-HT and 5-HIAA in Cd intoxicated rats (P < 0.05), while pretreatment with AESC (20 mg/kg/d or 60 mg/kg/d, p.o., 30 min before $CdCl_2$) greatly inhibited the decrease of monoamine transmitters, respectively (P < 0.05). Also, AESC significantly increased the reduction of glutathione contents and superoxide dismutase activities in cortex induced by $CdCl_2$. These results suggest that AESC ameliorates Cd-induced depletion of monoamine neurotransmitters in brain through its antioxidant activity.

Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy could improve the immune infiltration of melanoma in mice and enhance the abscopal effect

Yufeng Zheng(Yufeng Zheng),Xue Liu(Xue Liu),Na Li(Na Li),Aimei Zhao(Aimei Zhao),Zhiqiang Sun(Zhiqiang Sun),Meihua Wang(Meihua Wang),Judong Luo(Judong Luo) 대한방사선종양학회 2023 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.41 No.2

Purpose: To analyze the gene mutation, immune infiltration and tumor growth of primary tumor and distant tumor under different treatment modes. Materials and Methods: Twenty B16 murine melanoma cells were injected subcutaneously into the of both sides of the thigh, simulating a primary tumor and a secondary tumor impacted by the abscopal effect, respectively. They were divided into blank control group, immunotherapy group, radiotherapy group, and radiotherapy combined immunotherapy group. During this period, tumor volume was measured, and RNA sequencing was performed on tumor samples after the test. R software was used to analyze differentially expressed genes, functional enrichment, and immune infiltration. Results: We found that any treatment mode could cause changes in differentially expressed genes, especially the combination treatment. The different therapeutic effects might be caused by gene expression. In addition, the proportions of infiltrating immune cells in the irradiated and abscopal tumors were different. In the combination treatment group, T-cell infiltration in the irradiated site was the most obvious. In the immunotherapy group, CD8+ T-cell infiltration in the abscopal tumor site was obvious, but immunotherapy alone might have a poor prognosis. Whether the irradiated or abscopal tumor was evaluated, radiotherapy combined with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) therapy produced the most obvious tumor control and might have a positive impact on prognosis. Conclusion: Combination therapy not only improves the immune microenvironment but may also have a positive impact on prognosis.

AP-SDN: Action Program enabled Software-Defined Networking Architecture

Zheng Zhao,Xiaoya Fan,Xin Xie,Qian Mao,Qi Zhao 한국인터넷정보학회 2023 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.17 No.7

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) offers several advantages in dynamic routing, flexible programmable control and custom application-driven network management. However, the programmability of the data plane in traditional SDN is limited. A network operator cannot change the ability of the data plane and perform complex packet processing on the data plane, which limits the flexibility and extendibility of SDN. In the paper, AP-SDN (Action Program enabled Software-Defined Networking) architecture is proposed, which extends the action set of SDN data plane. In the proposed architecture, a modified Open vSwitch is utilized in the data plane allowing the execution of action programs at runtime, thus enabling complex packet processing. An example action program is also implemented which transparently encrypts traffic for terminals. At last, a prototype system of AP-SDN is developed and experiments show its effectiveness and performance.

Effects of Acupuncture at Zu-San-Li (ST36) on the Activity of the HypothalamicePituitaryeAdrenal Axis during Ethanol Withdrawal in Rats

Zheng Lin Zhao,Bong Hyo Lee,Feng Lin,YanQin Guo,Yi Yan Wu,Sang Mi Park,Sunghyeon In,Sang Chan Kim,Chae Ha Yang,Rong Jie Zhao 사단법인약침학회 2014 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.7 No.5

The current study investigated the effects of acupuncture at Zu-San-Li (ST36) on the hypothalamicepituitaryeadrenalaxis during ethanol withdrawal in rats. Rats were intraperitoneallytreated with 3 g/kg/day of ethanol or saline for 28 days. Following 24 hours ofethanol withdrawal, acupuncture was applied at bilateral ST36 points or non-acupoints(tail) for 1 minute. Plasma levels of corticosterone (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA), and the corticotropin-releasingfactor (CRF) protein levels in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus were alsoexamined by RIA 20 minutes after the acupuncture treatment. RIA showed significantlyincreased plasma levels of CORT and ACTH in the ethanol-withdrawn rats compared withthe saline-treated rats, which were inhibited significantly by the acupuncture at the acupointST36 but not at the non-acupoint. Additionally, ethanol withdrawal promoted CRFprotein expressions in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, which were alsoblocked by the acupuncture at ST36. These findings suggest that acupuncture at the specific acupoint ST36 can inhibit ethanol withdrawal-induced hyperactivation of hypothalamicepituitaryeadrenalaxis, and it may be mediated via the modulation of hypothalamicCRF.

中国当代艺术符号化个性研究

ZHENG ZHAO 한국동양예술학회 2019 동양예술 Vol.44 No.-

“符号化”在人们的心中已经占据了相当重要的地位,人类与符号如同食物链中的物种,不可分离,人们生活的方方面面都与符号有着直接或间接的关系,符号可以进行传播、交流,同时是一种象征,是识别艺术作品的一种标志,这种标志也烙印在艺术家身上,成为艺术家自身代名词。多元化社会飞速发展使我们进入信息图像泛滥的时代,大量图片化信息被人们猛烈“吸食”,成为了人们生活中缺少不了的一部分。由于中国社会环境发生着变化,人们对艺术作品的认识也在不断提高,当代艺术作品也围绕着人们产生的兴趣来创作,企图适应人们的“喜爱”。通过符号的独有特性紧紧抓住人们的心理,使图像语言的符号化信息更加充满隐喻性,更能体现出艺术家对于社会的思考与探索。同时多元化社会使艺术作品更加融入消费社会的环境中,文化艺术作品被人们如同快餐式消费着。在新世纪发展时,中国当代艺术也受到世界的关注与喜爱,特别是带有一定符号性的作品备受人们的关注。在我国当代艺术中,符号化作品更加有“优势”,无论是艺术家自己创造的符号,还是画面中符号所体现的象征寓意,都在当代艺术中“欢腾”,被人们所推崇。同时,社会化也在无形中影响着当代艺术的发展,艺术发展的背后隐藏着看不见的“手段”。当代艺术作品也同样需要这种方式以此推动符号化作品的发展,符号化作品成为当代艺术中一种特有的现象。

Hypothalamic Norepinephrine Mediates Acupunctural Effects on Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis During Ethanol Withdrawal

Zheng Lin Zhao,김상찬,Jie Zhang,Hong Feng Liu,이봉효,장은영,이철원,조일제,안원근,양재하,김영우,Rong Jie Zhao,Yi Yan Wu 사단법인약침학회 2016 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.9 No.1

A previous study demonstrated that acupuncture at ST36 (Zu-San-Li) attenuates ethanol withdrawal (EW)-induced hyperactivation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in rats. The current study investigated the involvement of hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) in that process. Rats were intraperitoneally treated with 3 g/kg/d of ethanol or saline for 28 days. After 24 hours of EW, acupuncture was applied to rats at bilateral ST36 points or at nonacupoints (tail) for 1 minute. A high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that EW significantly increased both the NE and the 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG) levels in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Western blot analysis also revealed that EW markedly elevated the phosphorylation rates of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), but spared TH protein expression in the PVN. However, acupuncture at ST36, but not at nonacupoints, greatly inhibited the increase in the hypothalamic NE, MHPG, and phosphorylation rates of TH. Additionally, postacupuncture infusion of NE into the PVN significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of acupuncture at ST36 on the oversecretion of plasma corticosterone during EW. These results suggest that acupuncture at ST36 inhibits EW-induced hyperactivation of the hypothalamic NEergic system to produce therapeutic effects on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis.