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      • KCI등재후보

        Acupuncture-Stimulated Activation of Sensory Neurons

        Min-Hee Kim,,남궁욱,박양춘 사단법인약침학회 2012 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.5 No.4

        Acupuncture is one of the key therapeutics in clinical oriental medicine, and recent studies using experimental animals have begun to provide the pathophysiological basis for the efficacy of acupuncture. Here, we investigated neuronal responses in rodent models given acupuncture stimulation. In both mice and rats, acupuncture stimulation at zusanli (ST36) generated an increased expression of axonal growth-associated protein (GAP-43) in the sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Electroacupuncture stimulation at ST36 in rats induced GAP-43 mRNA and protein expression in DRG neurons at the levels of lumbar 4 and 5. Stimulation on a non-acupuncture site as a sham control induced GAP-43 expression as well, but the induction level was lower than it was with acupuncture. We further found that acupuncture stimulation upregulated phospho-Erk1/2 signals in DRG neurons. Electroacupuncture stimulation induced c-Fos expression in the neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMV), which was identified by retrograde tracing. These data suggest that acupuncture stimulation may generate physiological effects on the autonomic nervous system via the activation of a somatosensory pathway.

      • KCI등재후보

        Acupuncture in Modern Society

        Kristin VanderPloeg,Xiaobin Yi 사단법인약침학회 2009 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.2 No.1

        For at least 2,500 years, acupuncture has been an integral part of traditional Chinese medicine. However, recently as more people in western countries are diagnosed with chronic disease poorly treated with modern medical therapies, many are turning to acupuncture and other forms of alternative medical treatments. Based on the theory of harmonious flowing qi being the basis of good health, acupuncture focuses on restoring qi by manipulation of the complementary and opposing elements of yin and yang. However, in the modern medical community we struggle to with the concept of qi, given a lack of anatomic and histological evidence supporting its existence. However, with the surge in public interest in acupuncture, the scientific community begun heavy investigation of acupuncture’s efficacy, as well as the physiologic basis behind it. Thus far, evidence supports the use of acupuncture in post-operative nausea and vomiting, postoperative dental pain, chronic pain conditions such as lower back pain, and possibly also such psychologic conditions as addiction. It is possible that by affecting afferent nerve signaling, acupuncture may influence the release of endogenous opioids to promote pain relief. This effect may be augmented by release of ACTH and cortisol, as well as through down-regulation of signaling through pain fibers. When treating patients who may utilize alternative forms of medicine, it is important that medical practitioners be educated in regards to the basic fundamental beliefs behind acupuncture, as well as the scientific evidence supporting its use and revealing its efficacy. The purpose of this review is to give western trained physicians exposure to history, basic knowledge and its clinical applications of acupuncture to accommodate accelerating interests in acupuncture in modern society. For at least 2,500 years, acupuncture has been an integral part of traditional Chinese medicine. However, recently as more people in western countries are diagnosed with chronic disease poorly treated with modern medical therapies, many are turning to acupuncture and other forms of alternative medical treatments. Based on the theory of harmonious flowing qi being the basis of good health, acupuncture focuses on restoring qi by manipulation of the complementary and opposing elements of yin and yang. However, in the modern medical community we struggle to with the concept of qi, given a lack of anatomic and histological evidence supporting its existence. However, with the surge in public interest in acupuncture, the scientific community begun heavy investigation of acupuncture’s efficacy, as well as the physiologic basis behind it. Thus far, evidence supports the use of acupuncture in post-operative nausea and vomiting, postoperative dental pain, chronic pain conditions such as lower back pain, and possibly also such psychologic conditions as addiction. It is possible that by affecting afferent nerve signaling, acupuncture may influence the release of endogenous opioids to promote pain relief. This effect may be augmented by release of ACTH and cortisol, as well as through down-regulation of signaling through pain fibers. When treating patients who may utilize alternative forms of medicine, it is important that medical practitioners be educated in regards to the basic fundamental beliefs behind acupuncture, as well as the scientific evidence supporting its use and revealing its efficacy. The purpose of this review is to give western trained physicians exposure to history, basic knowledge and its clinical applications of acupuncture to accommodate accelerating interests in acupuncture in modern society.

      • KCI등재후보

        Investigation of Electrical Responses to Acupuncture Stimulation: The Effect of Electrical Grounding and Insulation Conditions

        Yong-Heum Lee,Yeon-Hang Ryu,Byungjo Jung 사단법인약침학회 2009 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.2 No.1

        Acupuncture in Oriental medicine has been widely used as a core therapeutic method due to its minimal side-effects and therapeutic efficacy. However, the electrical response to acupuncture stimulation (ERAS) has not been clearly studied under acupuncture conditions that might affect the efficacy of acupuncture therapy. In this study, the ERAS was objectively investigated by measuring meridian electric potentials (MEPs) when the electrical grounding conditions of the operator and subject were varied, and when the insulation conditions of acupuncture needle were varied. MEPs between Sang-geoheo (ST37) and Ha-geoheo (ST39) of the Stomach Meridian (ST) were measured by stimulating Jok-samni (ST36) with an acupuncture needle. For non-insulated acupuncture stimulation (NIAS), the average MEP peak was 148.6 ± 20.6 when neither the operator nor the subject were electrically grounded, 23.1 ± 8.8 when the subject only was electrically grounded, 348 ± 76.8 when the operator only was electrically grounded, and 19.9 ± 4.7 when both the operator and the subject were electrically grounded. The MEPs presented various magnitudes and patterns depending on the electrical grounding conditions. The MEP pattern was very similar to that of the charge and discharge of a capacitor. For insulated acupuncture stimulation (IAS), the average MEP peak was 20 ± 4 in all electrical grounding conditions, which is not a significant electric response for acupuncture stimulation. In terms of electricity, this study verified that acupuncture therapy might be affected by acupuncture conditions such as (1) the electrical grounding condition of the operator and the subject and (2) the insulation condition of the acupuncture needle. Acupuncture in Oriental medicine has been widely used as a core therapeutic method due to its minimal side-effects and therapeutic efficacy. However, the electrical response to acupuncture stimulation (ERAS) has not been clearly studied under acupuncture conditions that might affect the efficacy of acupuncture therapy. In this study, the ERAS was objectively investigated by measuring meridian electric potentials (MEPs) when the electrical grounding conditions of the operator and subject were varied, and when the insulation conditions of acupuncture needle were varied. MEPs between Sang-geoheo (ST37) and Ha-geoheo (ST39) of the Stomach Meridian (ST) were measured by stimulating Jok-samni (ST36) with an acupuncture needle. For non-insulated acupuncture stimulation (NIAS), the average MEP peak was 148.6 ± 20.6 when neither the operator nor the subject were electrically grounded, 23.1 ± 8.8 when the subject only was electrically grounded, 348 ± 76.8 when the operator only was electrically grounded, and 19.9 ± 4.7 when both the operator and the subject were electrically grounded. The MEPs presented various magnitudes and patterns depending on the electrical grounding conditions. The MEP pattern was very similar to that of the charge and discharge of a capacitor. For insulated acupuncture stimulation (IAS), the average MEP peak was 20 ± 4 in all electrical grounding conditions, which is not a significant electric response for acupuncture stimulation. In terms of electricity, this study verified that acupuncture therapy might be affected by acupuncture conditions such as (1) the electrical grounding condition of the operator and the subject and (2) the insulation condition of the acupuncture needle.

      • KCI등재

        Korean Sa-Ahm Acupuncture for Treating Canine Oral Fibrosarcoma

        최금화,Kristi Flynn 사단법인약침학회 2017 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.10 No.3

        A nine-year-old male neutered Golden Retriever presented with oral fibrosarcoma. Sa-Ahm Traditional Korean acupuncture was provided along with medicinal herb treatment. Based on Sa-Ahm's theory, the constitution of this case was hypoactive Large-Intestine (LI) meridian qi. The acupuncture treatment was focused on reinforcing LI meridian qi along with reinforcing Small-Intestine and Liver meridian qi. The necrosis of the tumor started from 8 months after treatments and was completely necrotized around 1 month after initiation of tumor necrosis. Karnofsky Performance Status score was 80 to 100 % throughout the treatment except during the active stage of tumor necrosis having KPS of 50%. In this study, oral fibrosarcoma was managed well by both Sa-Ahm acupuncture and medicinal herb treatment. The result suggested that Sa-Ahm acupuncture along with herbal treatment could be a potential medical option for canine oral FSA therapy.

      • KCI등재후보

        The Use of Auricular Examination for Screening Hepatic Disorders

        Gladys Lai-Ying Cheing,Sharon Wan,Sing Kai Lo 사단법인약침학회 2009 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.2 No.1

        Researches on auricular acupuncture (AA) have examined mainly its treatment effects. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy and precision of using auricular examination (AE) as a complementary diagnostic tool for screening hepatic disorders. Twenty patients suffering from liver dysfunction and 25 controls aged 18−60 years were recruited from an acute hospital. Participants were examined using three AE methods including visual inspection, electrical skin resistance measurement, and tenderness testing on the liver AA zone of both ears. Significant differences were found in visual inspection and electrical skin resistance on the AA zones between the two groups. Patients suffering from liver dysfunction tended to have at least one abnormality in skin color, appearance, presence of papules, abundance of capillary and desquamation on the ear (Relative Risk—Right ear: RR = 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4, 6.2; Left: RR = 1.8, 95% CI, 1.01, 3.1). The sensitivity for visual inspection was 0.7 for both ears; specificity was 0.76 for the (R) and 0.6 for the (L) ear. The mean difference in electrical skin resistance was 4.3 MΩ (95% CI, 1.7, 6.9) for the (L) ear; 4.5 MΩ (95% CI, 1.5, 7.6) for the (R) ear. Our results suggest that malfunction of the liver appeared to be reflected by the presence of morphological changes on the liver AA zone. Visual inspection and electrical skin resistance on the liver AA zone are potentially sensitive to screen hepatic disorders. Researches on auricular acupuncture (AA) have examined mainly its treatment effects. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy and precision of using auricular examination (AE) as a complementary diagnostic tool for screening hepatic disorders. Twenty patients suffering from liver dysfunction and 25 controls aged 18−60 years were recruited from an acute hospital. Participants were examined using three AE methods including visual inspection, electrical skin resistance measurement, and tenderness testing on the liver AA zone of both ears. Significant differences were found in visual inspection and electrical skin resistance on the AA zones between the two groups. Patients suffering from liver dysfunction tended to have at least one abnormality in skin color, appearance, presence of papules, abundance of capillary and desquamation on the ear (Relative Risk—Right ear: RR = 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4, 6.2; Left: RR = 1.8, 95% CI, 1.01, 3.1). The sensitivity for visual inspection was 0.7 for both ears; specificity was 0.76 for the (R) and 0.6 for the (L) ear. The mean difference in electrical skin resistance was 4.3 MΩ (95% CI, 1.7, 6.9) for the (L) ear; 4.5 MΩ (95% CI, 1.5, 7.6) for the (R) ear. Our results suggest that malfunction of the liver appeared to be reflected by the presence of morphological changes on the liver AA zone. Visual inspection and electrical skin resistance on the liver AA zone are potentially sensitive to screen hepatic disorders.

      • KCI등재후보

        Electro-acupuncture Stimulation at Acupoints Reduced the Severity of Hypotension During Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation

        Mohammad Hossein Eghbal,Mohammad Ali Sahmeddini,Mohammad Bagher Khosravi,Sina Ghaffaripour,Farahzad Janatmakan,Sakine Shokrizade 사단법인약침학회 2012 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.5 No.1

        Background: Patients with end-stage liver diseases who undergo liver transplantation may suffer from hypotension related to the liver disease itself or related to the surgical procedure. Because electro-acupuncture (EA) at the Neiguan (PC-6) and the Jianshi (PC-5) points influences hemodynamics,we hypothesize that electro-acupuncture at the traditionally used acupuncture points will reduce the severity of hypotension in patients who undergo liver transplantation. Methods: Forty patients with end-stage liver disease who underwent orthotropic deceased donor liver transplantation were randomized into two groups. The norepinephrine (NE) group received norepinephrine as a vasoconstrictor, and the electro-acupuncture group received EA at the PC-5and the PC-6 points for treatment of hypotension during anesthesia for the liver transplantation. The patients were monitored, during the three stages of liver transplantation by using hemodynamic parameters. Results: During the three stages of liver transplantation, there were no significant differences in the hemodynamic measurements including the mean arterial pressure, heart rate and central venous pressure between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Electro-acupuncture at the acupuncture points reduced the severity and the incidence of hypotension during anesthesia for liver transplantation.

      • KCI등재후보

        Primo-Vessels as New Flow Paths for Intratesticular Injected Dye in Rats

        한현정,Jin-Kyu Lee,Yu Won Lee,Ki-Woo Kim,Byung-Cheon Lee,박상준,Vyacheslav Ogay,소광섭 사단법인약침학회 2010 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.3 No.2

        After intratesticular injection of a chromium hematoxylin and fluorescent nanoparticle solution, we found a novel flow path in the abdominal cavity consisting of primo-vessels and primo-nodes. This flow path formed a network that crossed over the surfaces of abdominal organs, and generally linked to the greater omentum and adjacent visceral peritoneum. Some of these structures terminated at organs such as the small intestine and the urinary bladder; occasionally, the network entered the parenchyma of organs. The semitransparent primo-vessels and nodes were wholly or partially stained dark-blue by chromium hematoxylin. Injected nanoparticles were also observed in primo-vessels and nodes as well as the parenchyma of organs which were the site of primo-vessel termination. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the primo-vessels consist of many sinuses (4−6 μm), surrounded by collagen fibers, specific granules, cellular remnants, immune cells,extracellular matrices, and hematopoietic cells. These histological features are completely different from blood and lymph vessels indicating that primo-vessels are novel structures that allow the flow of dye.

      • KCI등재

        Effect of Needling at CV-12 (Zhongwan) on Blood Glucose Levels in Healthy Volunteers: A Pilot Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial

        Sriloy Mohanty,A. Mooventhan,Nandi Krishnamurthy Manjunath 사단법인약침학회 2016 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.9 No.6

        Introduction: Acupuncture, a key part of traditional Chinese medicine, is used to relieve symptoms of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of needling CV-12 (Zhongwan) on blood glucose levels in healthy volunteers. Materials and methods: Thirty-six individuals were recruited and randomized into either the acupuncture group or the placebo control group. The participants in the acupuncture group were needled at CV-12 (4 cun above the center of the umbilicus), and those in the placebo control group were needled at a nonexisting “sham” point on the right side of the abdomen (1 cun beside the CV-12)da nonacupuncture point. For both groups, the needle was retained for 20 minutes without stimulation. Assessments were performed prior to and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 16. Results: The result of this study showed a mild reduction in random blood glucose (RBG) levels in the acupuncture group and a mild increase in RBG levels in the placebo control group. However, these changes were not statistically significant both within and between groups.

      • KCI등재후보

        In Vitro Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activities and Total Phenolic Contents of the Extracts of Melastoma malabathricum Leaves

        Z.A. Zakaria,M.S. Rofiee,A.M. Mohamed,L.K. Teh,M.Z. Salleh 사단법인약침학회 2011 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.4 No.4

        The present study aims to determine the in vitro antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of various extracts from the leaves of Melastoma malabathricum using various established in vitro assays. The aqueous extract inhibited the proliferation of Caov-3 and HL-60 cell lines, while the chloroform extract exhibited antiproliferative activity against the Caov-3, HL-60, and CEM-SS cell lines. The methanol extract demonstrated antiproliferative activity against more cell lines, including the MCF-7, HeLa, Caov-3, HL-60, CEM-SS, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. Interestingly, all extracts did not inhibit the proliferation of 3T3 cells, thus indicating their noncytotoxic properties. Unlike the chloroform extracts,the aqueous and methanol extracts of M malabathricum (20, 100, and 500 mg/ml) produced high antioxidant activity for the superoxide scavenging assay with only the 500 mg/ml aqueous and methanol extracts exhibited high activity for the 2,2-diphenyl -1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. The total phenolic content recorded for the aqueous, methanol, and chloroform extracts were 3344.2 19.1, 3055.1 8.7, and 92.5 7.3 mg/100 g of gallic acid, respectively. The M malabathricum leaves possessed potential antiproliferative and antioxidant activities that could be attributed to its high content of phenolic compounds.

      • KCI등재후보

        Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Ginseng

        이남헌,손창규 사단법인약침학회 2011 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.4 No.2

        This systematic review aims to evaluate the available evidence from randomized clinical trials of the clinical efficacy and safety of ginseng. Systematic literature searches were performed in 13 databases up to March 2009 without language restriction. All randomized clinical trials evaluating the clinical effects or safety of the use of ginseng monopreparations (Panax ginseng or P. quinquefolium) were considered for inclusion. A total of 411 potentially relevant studies were identified and 57 randomized clinical trials were included. The main indications included glucose metabolism, physical performance, psychomotor function, sexual function, cardiac function, pulmonary disease, and cerebrovascular disease. We found strong evidence of a positive effect of ginseng on glucose metabolism, psychomotor function, and pulmonary disease, whereas evidence suggests that ginseng is not effective at enhancing physical performance. However, ginseng generally has a good safety profile and the incidence of adverse effects seems to be low. In conclusion, our review compiles the evidence on the use of ginseng, finding a strong positive potential for glucose metabolism, psychomotor function, and pulmonary disease, but not for physical performance enhancement.

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