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윤광운,김재승 국제무역학회 2004 국제무역연구 Vol.10 No.2
1883년에 창설된 조선해관에는 1905년 11월 일제가 조선해관을 완전히 장악할 때까지 100여명에 달하는 외국인 해관원이 고빙되어 해관을 운영했다. 이들 중에서 청국해관에서 파견된 해관원도 있으나, 실제 조선현지에서 채용한 인물도 적지 않다. 이제까지 학계의 연구는 관세청장격인 총세무사와 지방 세관장급인 세무사(Commissioner) 소수를 제외하면 실상이 알려진 인물은 거의 없었다. 조선해관에 고빙된 100여명에 달하는 외국인 해관원들이 조선해관 창설이후 22년간 해관운영을 맡아온 운영주체로, 당시 조선재정으로는 과다한 고임금을 받고 있으면서 이들은 과연 조선해관운영에서 자신 직분과 책임을 얼마나 다했는가 하는 문제는 검토가 되어야 할 부분이다. 초기 조선해관연구에서 아직까지도 밝히지 못한 해관관련 규정과 규칙, 각해관의 인사조직, 관세의 징수실태 및 운용, 해관업무와 통관시스템, 그리고 고빙 외국인 해관원들의 역할 등 개항기 해관사와 관련하여 전반적이고 체계적인 연구를 필요로 하고 있다. 본고는 조선해관의 실질적 운영주체인 고빙 외국인 해관원들이 어떻게 조선해관에 와서 어떻게 근무하다가 떠났는가를 중심으로 고찰하여 구한말 개항기 조선해관에서 근무한 이들의 실상을 평가한다. In the while, it is widely known that Korean Customs System was organized by Mollendorff, a German, who had been served in China Maritime Customs. King Kojong invited him in December, 1882 in order to improve Korean political innovation recommended by the Viceroy Li Hung-chang in China. After that, about 100 custom office staffs were invited by Korean Government for establishment of Maritime Customs. They were actually managers and operators of Korean Maritime Customs for 22 years (1883-1905). But they are unknown to us yet how to work and contribute for Korea, excepting Moellendorff, 4 Chief Commissioners(now Director General of the Customs) and some commissioners(now Director General of the local Customs) stationed at open ports in Korea at that time. Many high rank staffs came from China Maritime Customs by the order of Robert Hart, Inspectorate General of China Maritime Customs, but Korean Maritime Customs employed low rank staffs by private employment agreement in Korea. Therefore, we are able to trace relative informations of them who came from China with the Service List officially issued by China Maritime Customs, but it is impossible to find out the service records of low rank class in this records. Even though they received high salary from Korean Maritime Customs, especially high rank class. they supplied various Korean economical informations to their own country, also to China and Japan. Such unfair behavior made one reason that Korea was under the control of Japanese economy from 1905. In this paper, the writer tried to verify that how many foreign custom office staffs were employed by Korea, and where they serviced at local custom office in 8 Korean open ports. In 1902, there were 60 foreign custom office staffs in Korean Maritime Customs such as European 11. Japanese 12 and Chinese 6 in Inchon Custom House ; European 4, Japanese 8 and Chinese 1 in Busan ; European 1, Japanese 2 and Chinese 1 in Wonsan ; European 1 and Japanese 2 in Chinmanpo ; Japanese 1 and Chinese 1 in Kunsan ; European 1, Japanese 2 and Chinese 1 in Mokpo ; European 1 and Japanese 2 in Masanpo ; Japanese 2 in Sungjin. This was 67.4% of total employers. However, they had been really managed and controlled Korean Maritime Customs from 1883 to 1905.
尹晙碩,崔勉松,李承宰,玄升鎬 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2004 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.23 No.-
In this paper present Autonomous Adaptive Digital Over Current Relay for distribution networks which acts autonomous setting using the short circuit impedance measured by relay of power systems. Automation of relay setting is one of the basic requirements for distribution automation, although manual relay setting is used at present. The short circuit impedance from a power source in distribution networks essential for the Autonomous Relay Setting changes frequently in distribution networks. In this paper the short circuit impedance is calculated with voltage and current measured in real time operation of digital relay using the Recursive Least Squares. A new method of digital relay setting in introduced using the the short circuit impedance and load current.
곽승근,천재민,박남숙,박상은,박수진,윤환중,김삼용,조덕연 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2
Megaloblastic anemias are disorders caused by impaired DNA synthesis and chara-cterized by the presence of megaloblastic cells. Clinical data on these disorders in Korea are limited. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical characteristics of megaloblastic anemias caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. We identified 40 cases who were diagnosed as megaloblastic anemia from January 1993 to December 2002 in a retrospective study on the basis of chart review. We investigated the annual distribution of diagnosed patients, clinical manifestations and response to treatment. 19 cases were complicated with a previous total gastrectomy(gastrectomy group) and 21 cases had no history of surgical operation(non-gastrectomy group). The most common presenting complaint was generalized weakness. The median age at diagnosis was 7(range: 38-79) years in non-gastrectomy group. The mean pos-toperative duration was 7(range: 4-25)years in group of total gastrectomy and mean level of serum vitamin B12 was lower than 100 pg/mL in both group. Peripheral blood revealed thrombocy-topenia, macrocytic anemia and hypersegmented neutrophil in all cases. After treatment of pareliteral vitamin B12, Their clinical symptoms and hematologic findings improved except two patients who had bone marrow with lower cellularity. Cobalamin replacement after total gastrectomy is still missing. Diagnoses are made too late in a population of patients, resulting in irreversible neurological sequale, and we suggest that Pernicious anemia seems not to be very rare in Korea.
강관지주의 구조성능 평가에 관한 연구 : Field Surveys on the Use of Temporary Pipe Supports 강관지주의 운용에 관한 현장조사를 중심으로
이재연,안용선,김성수,윤승조,윤현도 牧園大學校 建築·都市硏究센터 1997 建築·都市環境硏究 Vol.5 No.-
This paper describes the procedures and results of field surveys on the use of temporary pipe supports as a preliminary research on the estimation of structural performance of the supports. Question surveys and measuring surveys for the supports were performed in 25 construction fields. From the field survey results, the problems and improvement methods in the use of the supports were presented, and the experiment data for the estimation of structural performance of the supports were accumulated.
초전도 저장장치의 신경회로망 모형 및 이를 이용한 안정도해석 앨고리즘 개발에 관한 연구
林裁尹,張勝燦,金正勳,姜亨求 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1997 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-
Recently the need of energy storage device such as the pumped-storage has more and more increased in power system in order to aid a side reliability. But it has the problem of environment. As an alternative way of installing it, the Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage(SMES) is widely study in a power system. Generally the SMES might divide in two class ; the storage use and the stability use. For use in storage SMES never has been construct, because of its expensive cost. Actively progressing the field of the study is for use in stability SMES, so as construction cost is relatively inexpensive. In order to application of the SMES in the power system, it has to be proven of stability efficiency through stability analysis. Stability analysis need modelling of the SMES. The existing model has been used only mathematical model that presented by first order delay time function, so that the SMES has fast response characteristic. But this kind of mathematical model of dynamic system have some problems when stability analysis requests more precision analysis. The problems are the complexity of equation, long calculus time and error of model-decision. For the purpose of settling this problems, this paper proposed an artificial neural network(ANN) methodology to make SMES modelling. ANN is presented using the input-output power characteristics of SMES. when it uses ANN which functions as a model-free system, network construction and parameters determination are carefully chosen to represent the complicated nonlinear input-output relation from the black-boxed SMES system. So far medelling of SMES by ANN never used stability analysis. In this paper, the proposed ANN-based SMES model is applied to analyze the power system stability and the simulation results provide the property of this approach.
김장윤,황재승,홍성목 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2(구조계)
Modal mass is essential to analyze structural response under disturbance and to design the vibration control devices used to enhance the serviceability of structure. Modal mass differs from that of analytic mathematical model due to the error generated from analytical assumption and construction. Therefore, the objective of this study is to proposed to calculate the modal mass of structure based on the system identification. And the proposed method is applied to two examples, the single DOF system and the slab of apartment.