수리된 복합레진 수복물의 전달결합강도 연구

최수영,정선와,황윤찬,김선호,윤창,오원만,황인남 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.6

This study was performed to evaluate the interfacial shear bond strength of base (direct and indirect) and repair composites with aging and surface treatment methods. Direct composites resin specimens (Charisma®, Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) were aged for 5 min, 1 hour, 24 hours, and 1 week in 37℃ distilled water before surface treatment, and then divided into five groups: Group 1, grinding; Group 2, grinding and application of bonding agent; Group 3, grinding, etching with 37% phosphoric acid for 30sec, and application of bonding agent; Group 4, grinding, etching with 37% phosphoric acid for 30sec, silane treatment, and application of bonding agent; Group 5, grinding, etching with 4% hydrofluoric acid for 30sec, silane treatment, and application of bonding agent. Indirect composite resin specimens (Artglass®, Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) were aged for 1 week in 37℃ distilled water and divided into seven groups: Group 1 - Group 5, equal to Charisma specimens; Group 6, grinding, etching 37% phosphoric acid for 60sec, silane treatment, and application of bonding agent; Group 7, grinding, etching with 4% hydrofluoric acid for 60 sec, silane treatment, and application of bonding agent. The repair material(Charisma®) was then added on the center of the surface (5mm in diameter, 5mm in height). The shear bond strength was tested and the data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Student-Newman-Keuls test. The following conclusions were drawn. 1. The shear bond strength of Charisma® specimens aged for 1 hour was significantly higher in Group 2 and Group 5 than in Group 1 (p<0.05), and that of Charisma® specimens aged for 1 week was significantly higher in Group 3 and Group 5 than in Group 1 (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in the bond strength of specimens aged for 5 min and 24 hours. 2. In Group 2 of the Charisma® specimens, there was significant difference between the bond strength of 24 hours and that of 1 week (p<0.05). 3. In Group 4 of the Charisma® specimens, the shear bond strength of specimens aged for 24 hours was significantly higher than the others(p<0.05). 4. There was no significant diiference between the shear bond strength of the Artglass® specimens. 5. Most of the Charisma® specimens showed cohesive fractures. Artglass® specimens that were etched with acid(phosphoric or hydrofluoric) for 30 sec showed more cohesive fractures.

유아에서 발생한 재발성 외음부 콘딜로마 1례의 치료

홍정희,문성택,김윤숙,전섭,최승도,선우재근,배동한 순천향의학연구소 2007 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.13 No.2

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미스트 분무 및 스프링클러 관수가 단동 플라스틱 하우스에 미치는 냉각효과

강정윤,최동호,임홍성,허종철 제주대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.11 No.2

As crops recently can be cultivated all the year in greenhouses, we need to improve the environment in which crops are able to grow in the summer. Therefore, in this study, we quantitatively got the cooling effects of 4 single span plastic greenhouses in the following ways : by spraying mist or sprinkler, or by opening the side window. and with those variables, we simultaneously did experiments at 4 greenhouses under equivalent conditions to reduce the temperature of the greenhouses in the summer. The results of the experiments are as following : 1) The temperatures of the greenhouses were effectively reduced by both spraying mist and sprinkler. 2) When the mist is intermittently sprayed. the indoor temperature has decreased by 4 degrees centigrade, meanwhile, in the greenhouse to make experiments using sprinkler, the temperature of that has been reduced by 2 degrees centigrade. Therefore, we can see the cooling effects of smaller mist in size as more effective than those of sprinkler. 3) When the greenhouse is naturally ventilated by opening the side window, we have to apply another cooling system because the indoor temperature is higher than the outdoor one.

K대학 여대생을 대상으로 한 치아우식활성검사 비교조사 연구

최은미,송윤신,장희경,최정이 경복대학 2002 京福論叢 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구는 치아우식증 발생요인 중 타액요인을 집중적으로 분석하고자 타액분비율, 타액점조도, 타액완충능, 스나이더, 구강내 포도당잔류검사를 조사하였으며, 특히 20내 남성의 치아우식증 발생요인에 대한 연구자료와 타액분비율과 타액내 pH 변화에 대한 조사 및 스나이더검사 간의 임상적 비교 조사 등의 연구를 통하여 자료를 비교 분석할 수 있었다. 또한 구강내 포도당잔류검사를 조사한 결과 등 수종의 실험연구의 경험적 연구 결과를 가지고, 한국의 여대생들과 상호관계를 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 조사대상은 여대생 160명을 대상으로 하였으며, 수집된 자료는 빈도, 백분율 분석으로 유의성을 검증하였다. 본 연구에서 조사된 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 전체 조사대상자의 우식치아 수는 평균 3.23개로 조사되었고, 발거치아는 0.22개로 조사되었으며, 충전치아는 5.06개로 나타났다. 2. 전체 조사대상자의 평균 영구치 우식경험치아는 8.52개로 조사되었고, 평균 완충능력은 10.54로 나타났다. 3. 구강내 포도당잔류시간을 측정한 결과 평균 12.36 분으로 조사되었다. 4. 스나이더 검사방법 결과 조사대상자의 평균 치아우식활성 정도는 35.43 시간으로 판정기준에 의하여 중등도 활성으로 나타났다. 5. 자극성 타액분비량 및 타액점조도와 진행중인 치아우식증 보유집단과 집단간의 비교에서는 차이가 있음을 볼 수 있었다(P<0.01). 6. 비자극성 타액분비량, 자극성 타액분비량 및 구강내 포도당잔류시간 측정검사와 치아우식활성집단간에는 유의한 수준으로 나타났다(P<0.01). 7. 타액점조도에서도 치아우식활성집단간에는 유의한 수준으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 이와 같은 절과를 볼 때, 향후 연구논제에 세계보건기구(WHO)에서 기초조사로 조사되는 연령군인 12세 아동의 치아우식증과 치아우식활성과의 관계를 규명하고자 하는 노력이 있다면 치아우식증 발생요인을 구체적으로 제시할 수 있으리라 사료된다. This study was performed to investigate saliva flow rate, saliva buffer capacity, snyder test, glucose residuum test in the oral cavity in order to analyze 'saliva factor' intensively among the causing factor of dental caries. Especially through study data on causing factor of dental caries in male twenties, examination on pH changing rate in the saliva and saliva flow rate, clinical comparative study between Snyder tests, we have made a comparative analysis. Also, based on many kinds of exparimental study results from examination on glucose residuum test in the oral cavity, etc, we have intention to analyze comparatively interactive relationship of korean female college students. The subject of this study is 160 female college students, and we verified the confidence of our study data by the frequency, centesimal analysis. The results were as follows ; 1. Among the total subjects, the average of caries teeth were 3.23, extracted teeth 0.22, filling teeth 5.06. 2. Among the total subjects, the average of permanent teeth with experience of dental caries were 8.52, average buffering capacity 10.54. 3. The average minutes of glucose residual time in the oral cavity were examined 12.36 minutes. 4. On the result of Snyder examination method, the average activative degrees of dental caries were 35.43 hours rated medium level by the standard of decision. 5. There are some differencies between stimulative saliva flow, saliva adherence degree and the group of dental caries in progress. 6. There are significant results between non-stimulative saliva secretion, stimulative saliva flow, glucose remaining time test in the oral cavity and the group of dental caries in activation. 7. There are significant results between groups of dental caries in activation about saliva adherence degree. According to the results, if there is any effort in the future study theme to investigate the relationship between 12 year-old children's dental caries whose age WHO has made a basic surveying subject and activation of dental canes, we can present the causing factor of dental caries concretely.

부산시 고등학생들의 환경에 대한 인식정도와 영향요인 분석

최인영,윤성효,고정선 부산대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 2004 科學敎育硏究報 Vol.31 No.-

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of recognition of the high school students about environmental and influential factors on it, selecting two regular schools and three vocational schools among the high schools in Busan area, questionnairing one class in the 10th, 11th, 12th grades of each school and analyzing the result. The result of analyzing the degree of knowledge, practice and recognition of seriousness concerning environment according to grade and gender is that the significant difference has been found in the degree of practice. The result of analyzing them according to maternal academic background is that the significant difference has been found in the degree of knowledge and a living standard and the style of housing have no effect on the environmental education, In the survey according to family style, it is shown that the students 'who live with their parents' recognize the seriousness of environment more. In the survey according to the experience of having the subject 'environment' in their school curriculum or not, it is shown that the significant difference has been found in the degree of knowledge. As the source of information on environment, mass media such as TV, magazines and newspapers have a great impact on the students. As the significant difference has been found in the degree of knowledge, practice, the recognition of seriousness from the viewpoint of the analysis on the survey according to the degree of the recognition on the necessity of the environmental preservation, it is shown that the more the students feel the necessity of environmental preservation, the higher the degree of knowledge, practice and recognition of seriousness on environment becomes, In the survey according to the kind of school, the significant difference has been found in the degree of knowledge, In the survey according to the degree of maternal concern on environment it is shown that the more concerns the mothers have, the more the students put what they learn into practice, In the survey according to the kinds of school, the significant difference has been found in the degree of knowledge. As the result of multiple regression analysis is summarized as below. 1. The variables influencing the environmental knowledge are the experience of having the class, 'environment', the recognition of the necessity of the environmental preservation and maternal academic background. 2. The elements influencing the degree of recognition of seriousness about environmental contamination are gender, the experience of having a class, 'environment' or not and the necessity of the environmental education. 3. The elements influencing the degree of practice are grade, information on environment, and maternal concern.

적외선열화상장치를 이용한 Buchanan plugger 표면의 온도상승 분석

최성아,김선호,황윤찬,윤창,오병주,최보영,정우남,정선와,황인남,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.4

This study was performed to evaluate the temperature rise on various position of the Buchanan plugger, the peak temperature of plugger's type and the temperature change by its touching time of heat control spring. The heat carrier system 'System B' (Model 1005. Analytic Technologies, USA) and the Buchanan's pluggers of F, FM, M and ML sizes are used for this study. The temperature was set to 200℃ which Dr. Buchanan's "continuous wave of condensation" technique recommended on digital display and the power level on it was set to 10. In order to apply heat on the Buchanan's pluggers, the heat control spring was touched for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 seconds respectively. The temperature rise on the surface of the pluggers were measured at 0.5 mm intervals from tip to 20 mm length of shank using the infraed thermography (Radiation Thermometer-IR temper, NEC San-ei Instruments, Ltd, Japan) and TH31-702 Data capture software program (NEC San-ei Instruments, Ltd, Japan). Data were analyzed using a one way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test and linear regression test. The results as follows. 1. The position at which temperature peaked was approximately at 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm far from the tip of Buchanan's pluggers (p<0.001). The temperature was constantly decreased toward the shank from the tip of it(p<0.001). 2. When the pluggers were heated over 5 seconds, the peak temperature by time of measurement revealed from 253.3±10.5℃ to 192.1±3.3℃ in a touch for 1 sec, from 218.6±5.0℃ to 179.5±4.2℃ in a touch for 2 sec, from 197.5±3.0℃ to 167.6±3.7℃ in a touch for 3 sec, from 183.7±2.5℃ to 159.8±3.6℃ in a touch for 4 sec and from 164.9±2.0℃ to 158.4±1.8℃ in a touch for 5 sec. A touch for 1 sec showed the highest peak temperature, followed by, in descending order, 2 sec, 3 sec, 4 sec. A touch for 5 sec showed the lowest peak temperature (p<0.001). 3. A each type of pluggers showed different peak temperatures. The peak temperature was the highest in F type and followed by, in descending order, M type, ML type. FM type revealed the lowest peak temerature (p<0.001). The results of this study indicated that pluggers are designed to concentrate heat at around its tip, its actual temperature dose not correlate well with the temperature which Buchanan's "continuous wave of condensation" technique recommended, and finally a quick touch of heat control spring for 1 sec reveals the highest temperature rise.

초·중·고등학교 학생·학부모·일반교사의 보건교육 영역별 요구도와 보건교육

윤순녕,김영임,최정명,조희순,김영희,박영남,오경순,이분옥,조선녀,조소영,한선희,하영미 韓國學校保健學會 2005 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.18 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the needs of health education in students, their parents and teachers in the elementary, middle and high schools and the current situation of health education class. Method: The subjects of this study were a total of 9450 persons including students, their parents and teachers from 279 schools throughout the country. They were selected through convenient sampling. Data were analyzed through x^(2)­test and ANOVA. Result: Students, their parents and teachers replied that 18 dimensions of health education class (DHEC) are necessary. The four DHEC - healthier life style, sex education, mental health and safety education - showed high educational needs in students, their parents, and teacher. High school students had higher educational need of 'symptom management for daily living' than elementary and middle school students. Students, their parents and teachers in elementary school had higher educational needs of 17 DHEC that those in middle and high school. The percentages of schools with health education class taught by health teachers were 99.2%, 75.5% and 66.0% respectively in elementary, middle and high schools. Health education was given mainly using physical education classes at elementary schools, and creative class hours at middle and high schools. In general, health education took 1-3 hours per week at elementary schools, and less than an hour at middle and high schools. Conclusion: Therefore, based on the results, systematic health education class should begin from elementary school to meet the need of health education in students, their parents and teachers, and further study should be made on the number of hours required and the amount of contents of 18 DHEC.

예비수학교사의 신념에 따른 교수학적 내용지식(PCK)과의 관련성에 관한 연구

고상숙,김은호,문정윤,배지은,정대진 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2011 교과교육학연구 Vol.15 No.4

This study investigated the relationship between PCK (Pedagogical Content Knowledge) and pre-service mathematics teachers' mathematical beliefs, and the effects of PCK on their teaching. The data were collected through pre & post interviews, a questionnaire, and classroom observations of six pre-service mathematics teachers who were taking their field practica in their senior year. The results indicate that the pre-service mathematics teachers' differing beliefs about the nature of mathematics affected their PCK. This study showed the relationship between their beliefs about teaching and the learning of mathematics and PCK. It is recommended that more opportunities for PCK development, as well as for modifications in of their beliefs have to be offered in education programs for pre-service mathematics teachers. 본 연구의 목적은 예비수학교사들의 수학적 신념과 수업에서 발현된 교수학적 내용지식(PCK)의 특징을 알아보고, 이를 통해 수학적 신념에 따른 PCK의 관련성에 대해 분석하는 것이다. 이 연구는 교육실습 중인 예비수학교사 6명을 대상으로 실시한 PCK 설문지, 인터뷰 자료, 수업관찰 자료를 분석하는 질적 연구 방법을 토대로 하였다. 연구결과, 예비수학교사들의 다양한 수학 본질에 대한 신념은 PCK에 서로 다른 영향을 주었으며, 수학 교수-학습에 대한 신념과 PCK사이에는 밀접한 관련성이 있음을 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 신념과 교수학적 내용지식(PCK)을 함께 발달시킬 수 있는 예비교사 연수 및 지원 프로그램의 확충이 필요하다.

초·중·고등학교 학생, 학부모, 일반교사의 보건교육 요구

윤순녕,김영임,최정명,조희순,김영희,박영남,오경순,이분옥,조선녀,조소영,한선희,하영미 韓國學校保健學會 2004 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify needs of health education of the students, parents, general teachers, and health teacher of the elementary, middle, and high schools. Method : 279 schools of elementary, middle, and high school were sampled nonproportionally during the period from June 28 to July 26, 2004 . The data were collected by the questionnaire from 1,888 students, 1,876 parents, 1,695 general teachers, 279 health teachers. A frequency, % and χ2-test were used to analysis by SAS program. Result : 1. It showed that 98.1% of elementary school students, 92.3% of middle school students, 89.6% of high school students answered that they need health education. The most of students, parents, and general teachers had high interests in health education. 2. In the case of students, main causes of needs of health education was 'to prevent diseases or accidents''. But parents answered that it was 'to build up a healthier behavior'. General teachers answered that it was 'more effective systematic and continuous health education'. 3. Over 80% of students, parents, and general teachers about the question of who qualified person is to teach health education as a regular class responded that health teacher is available. Especially 93% of elementary school students answered like that. 4. The most of students, parents, and general teachers answered that health education in the classroom is favorable 1 to 2 hours per week. Conclusion : As results of the study , the majority of students, parents, general teachers agreed needs of health education. Therefore, on the basis of this study, systematic and continuous health education is necessary. Additionally the establishment of independent health subject is required certainly.

임신 제 일삼분기와 제 이삼분기 초음파의 태아기형 진단의 유용성에 대한 고찰

최승도,최규연,이정재,정성윤,이임순,이권해 순천향의학연구소 2003 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.9 No.2

Objective: Ultrasonographic screening between 9 and 13 weeks for fetal structural abnormalities using transvaginal sonography in unselected population. Visualization of detailed fetal anatomy in the first trimester has improved as a result of technological progress in ultrasound machines and the introduction of transvaginal sonography(TVS). Our study aims to evaluate the accuracy of TVS as a screening tool for detecting fetal malformations in a nonselected population of pregnant women. For this purpose we compared the results obtained by using second trimesster TA scanning with those obtained using TVS at 9-14 weeks' gestation. Methods: From March 2001 to February 2003, 620 unselected consecutive pregnant women were recruited at their initial visit at Soonchunhyang university hospital, department of obstetrics and gynecology and offered a TVS scan at the average gestational age of 9-13 weeks in addition to the TA screening usually performed between 22-26 weeks. To fulfill the technical requirements of a screening test, ultrasonographic examinations were performed by skillful operators with different degrees of experienced using adequate instruments Aloka SSD 5500 (Aloka Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) provided with either a 3.5-5MHz TA probe or a 5-7.5MHZ TV probe) in a fixed scanning time of maximum 30 min, generally considered sufficient for a complete fetal anatomic survey. Results: During the study period we found in our unselected population an overall prevalence of target abnormalities of 2.2%(24 malformed fetuses out of 600 screened). In the fetuses examined by TVS, 16 abnormalities were detected whereas 8 were not; of these, 6 were detected at transabdominal rescreening at 22-26 weeks and the remaining 2 were observed after birth. A nuchal region abnormality was the most frequent type of malformation detected in the early scan, including six cases of nuchal edema, two cases of cystic hygroma associated with hygroma associated with hydrops, three cases of hydronephrosis, one case of fetal neck teratoma, one case of cleft lip. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the potential of screening a low risk population for fetal abnormalities at 9-13 weeks of gestation using transvaginal sonography and rescreened via transabdominal sonography at 22-26 weeks. Larger studies are required to establish the clinical value of the first trimester scan.