이이李珥와 정약용丁若鏞의 사회개혁사상

이동인(Yi Dong-In) 동양사회사상학회 2004 사회사상과 문화 Vol.10 No.-

정약용丁若鏞은 이이李珥로부터 약 200여 년이 지난 시기에 살았다. 따라서두 사람이 살던 시대의 사회적 현실과 사상의 흐름은 상당한 차이를 보인다. 또한 학맥으로 보아도 이 두 사람을 직접 연결짓기는 어렵다. 그러나 두 사람의 사회개혁사상을 비교 연구하는 것은 나름대로 뜻이 있다고 여겨진다. 두 사람 모두 당대의 뛰어난 학자이며 사회개혁에 뜻을 두었다는 점을 감안할 때 두 사람의 사상을 분석하면 달라진 사회현실이 어떻게 사상에 반영되는지를 알 수 있다. 이이와 정약용을 떠나서 조선 중기와 후기의 사회개혁사상을 논하는 것은 아마도 무의미할 것이다. 필자는 이 논문에서 이들 두 학자의 개혁사상이 갖는 유사점과 차이점을 살펴보고, 나아가 사회현실의 변화가 사회사상에 어떻게 반영되었는지를 살펴본다. In this research we made a comparative study on the thoughts of Yi, Ih(李珥) and Jeong, Yak-yong(丁若鏞), focusing on their ideas of social reform. Our findings are: 1) The basic ideas and concepts of social reform of these two scholars are very similar, leaving the possibility open that the reformative ideas of Yi remains a model in the thoughts of Jeong. 2) Many minor differences between the reformative ideas of the two in fact reflect the socio-economic changes that happened after Yi's time. 3) Still we found some significant differences in the approaches to the social reform, such as found in the theories of land-reform. The last point is that: Yi's theories of reform were always practicable and reformative while those of Jeong were sometimes not easy to put in practice and quite revolutionary in nature.

重峯 趙 憲의 歷史意識과 國難對策

李東俊 同德女子大學校 1976 同大論叢 Vol.6 No.1

Cho Hun(趙憲, 1544-1592) is commonly known as a general of the civilian army in the Seven Year War of Japanese Invasion, or as a commander of the “Righteous Army”(義兵) to repel the Japanese Invaders in 1592, who died in the battle of Kum San with 700 “Righteous Scholars”, after restoring Chung Ju. He was, however, not merely a courageous soldier but a person of vision and foresight as well as a great scholar. As he said, he was engaged in the Learning of the Way(道學) and belonged to the school of Korean New-Confucianism of the 16th century, succeeding the philosophical tradition formed by Cho Kwang Cho, Yi Hwang and Yi Yi. He was themodel man who did not separate practice from theory and revealed in his action the ideology as such. It was why he could perform the correct and all covering prognosis and diagnosis of the Japanese Invasion. Toyotomi Hideyoshi having almost unified Japan that had been in the age of war for a century, would try to conquer the Asian world including Korea, China and even India. He sent envoys oftentimes and also demanded Korean delegates. The then government of Korea was embarrased and not decisive. Ho Hun, with his correct historic sense, had already begun to warn the government, sine 5 years before the war, of the possibilities of Japanese invasion and urged to refuse the Japanese demands. He definitelydeclared that Japan would invade and suggested problems as these: A. Hideyoshi's reason for sending envoys to Korea was, on one hand, to gain the international approval of his new government, which would promote the Japanese domestic stability; on the other hand, to investigate the geographic situation of Korea and spy the political conditions, which was to lead his aggression successfully. Another thing was his plot to alienate Korea from china (ming) and make her isolated. B. To respond the national diffculies Cho Hun claimed to prepare immediate counter-measures as follows: a) To keep the national opinion from being split on account of the two parties, East and West, at that time, and to choose and perform only the proper suggestions by correct and able persons; b) To reform the national system anew by reducing the consumption of the royal family and higher class so that the people's burden would be cut down and to make them engaged in the productive works such as agriculture and industry or to commercial activities; c) To prepare the military defense in two ways of the land and the sea, he especiallyemphasized the naval defense around the south-eastern sea of Korea; d) To league the allied forces of the north-east Asian countries such as China, the Loochoo Islands, Siam, etc. to blockate Japan, by informing them of the coming Japanese invasion; e) And to arouse a revolutionary power in Japan to overthrow the Hideyoshi's government so that Hideyoshi could hardly move outwards. His views were, though not completely accepted by the statesmen then, proved to be advanced and correct ones. Now we are to remember that he was also a great thinker who influenced heavily both the school of “Righteousness”(義理學派) and that of “Pragmatic” thought(實學思想).

Streptomyces sp. LAM 90-331이 생산하는 세포 응집물질

이동희 건국대학교 1994 學術誌 Vol.38 No.2

An Actinomycete, strain LAM 90-331, capable of producing microbial cell aggregation factor was isolated from soil, and identified as Streptomyces phaeoviridis or its related organism by cultural, morphological and physiological characteristics. For production of the agregation factor soluble starch and glycerol mixture(1 : 1), and corn steep powder was favorable as carbon and nitrogen source, respectively. The aggregation factor production was increased by the addition of Ca2+ and Mg2+, but depressed severely by other metal ions used. Optimal temperature and initial pH for production was around 28℃ and pH 7∼8, respectively. Accumulation of the aggregation factor in the culture broth reached at maximum level after 4 days cultivation under aeration rate 1vvm and impeller speed 200rpm in 5L-fermenter with 2.5L of medium containing soluble starch 1%, glycerol 1%, corn steep powder 1%, K2HPO4 0.05%, CaCl2 0.05%, MgSO4 · 7H2O 0.05% and Neorin 302 0.01%. The aggregation factor was isolated from culture broth by methanol precipitation, ultrafiltration and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. It was stable in pH range 5∼ 10 at RT, and activity was increased remarkably by Ca2+ ion. The substance aggragated Bacillus subitilis, alcaligenes faecalis, Pesudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P. putida, Staphylococcus aureus and Sacchromyces cerevisiae, but not acted to animal cells such as mouse red blood cell, mouse lymphocyte, sheep red blood cell and B16 melanoma.

반복적인 경련을 동반한 아이소니아지드(Isoniazid) 중독환자의 치험 1례

이환,오동렬,정시경,김영민,이운정,김세경,이원재,최경호 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Isoniazid(Isonicotinic acid hydrazide) is an antimicrobial drug used since 1952 as a first line agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of tuberculosis. Isoniazid is well known for problems in population having a high prevalence of isoniazid use for prophylaxis or treatment of tuberculosis. But intentional or accidental isoniazid overdose is uncommon. The ingestion of toxic amounts of isoniazid causes recurrent seizures, profound metabolic acidosis, coma and even death. In adults, toxicity can occur with the acute ingestion of as little as 1.5g of isoniazid. Doses larger than 30mg per kg often produce seizures. When ingested in amounts of 80-150mg per kg or more, isoniazid can be rapid fatal. 40-year-old woman having previous pulmonary tuberculosis ingested 7gram of isoniazid(140mg/kg) to attempt suicide approximately 30 minutes prior to visit to our emergency medical center. She had recurrent generalized tonicclonic seizures and metabolic acidosis. We report one patient treated with pyridoxine, which was equivalent to the amount of isoniazid ingested and administered as a intravenous dose and oral dose

메치실린 내성 황색 포도상구균에 유효한 항생물질을 생산하는 방선균의 선별 및 물질생산조건

이동희,홍환석 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 1999 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.24 No.-

토양시료로부터 다제내성 MRSA에 유효한 항생물질을 생산하는 Actinomycetes 균주 LAM 98-90을 분리하여 동정한 결과 Streptomyces 속 균주였으며 spore chain은 spiral, spore surface는 smooth type이었고, 세포벽은 LL-DAP를 함유하였다. Aerial mass color는 회색이었으며 melanoid와 가용성 색소는 생성하지 않았다. 그리고 LAM 98-90에 의한 항생물질의 생산조건을 검토한 결과 탄소원으로는 soluble starch가, 질소원으로는 yeast extract, beef extract, peptone이 가장 우수하였으며 Mg²+ 첨가로 물질생산량이 많이 증가하였다. 생산 최적온도와 초발 pH는 각각 35℃와 7이었으며, soluble starch 2%, yeast extract 0.1%, beef extract 0.1%, peptone 0.1%, MgSO₄7H₂O 0.05%, K₂HPO₄ 0.05%, NaCl 0.05% 조성의 배지로 5일간 배양하였을 때 배양액내의 항생물질 축적량이 최대에 달하였다. LAM 98-90 균주가 생산하는 항생물질은 Gram 양성세균에 대해서는 항균활성이 우수하였으나 Gram 음성세균에는 비교적 약하였으며 진균류에는 전혀 작용하지 못하였다. An antibiotic producing strain LAM 98-90, effective to the multidrug-resistant MRSA, was isolated from soil. The spore chain of LAM 98-90 was spiral, and the spore sulface was smooth. LAM 98-90 has LL-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall. The aerial mass color of the strain was gray, and the reverse side color was brown. The strain did not produce melanoid and other soluble pigments. And according to the Taxon program, LAM 98-90 was identified to one strain of Streptomyces. For the antibiotic production, soluble starch, soluble starch, yeast extract, beef extract and peptone were favorable as carbon and nitrogen sources. The antibiotic production was stimulated by the addition of Mg²+, but inhibited by Ag+, Co²+ and Fe²+ completely. Optimal temperature and initial pH for production of the antibiotic was 35℃ and pH 7, respectively. Accumulation of the antibiotic in the culture broth reached at maximal level after 5 days cultivation in the medium containing soluble starch 2%, yeast extract 0.1%, beef extract 0.1%, peptone 0.1%, K₂HPO₄ 0.05%, MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.05%, and NaCl 0.05%, and NaCl 0.05%. The antibiotic inhibited the growth of Gram positives well, however moderated for Gram negatives, and did not inhibit yeast and mold.

경안천의 오염현황

이동석,박갑성 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.6

At five stations in Gyeongan River, a tributary of Lake Paldang, physicochemical and biological environmental factors of water, particulate matters, and sediments were investigated biweekly from April 11 to December 22 in 2001. The studied area was characterized as a stream-lake system. The system is primarily referred to a place where the environmental factors had considerably changed depending on the amount of precipitation. As a result, the river turned out to be strongly eutrophicated. Also, some characteristics of the water and the particulate matters at midstream such as average concentrations of conductivity, nutrients, and chlorophyll α were higher than the characteristics of up and down-stream. However, the concentrations of organic matters and ratio of clay and silt of the midstream were determined to be higher than up and down-stream sediments. As the result of the factor analysis, 4 major different patterns for environmental factors are found from samples of water, particulate matters, and sediments.

유전치부의 심미수복을 위한 Silicoated Resin-bonded stainless steel crown의 제작 및 치험례

이애련,김신,최외임,황보민,김주미,김동규 大韓小兒齒科學會 1993 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

For the purpose of establishing the method of esthetic full coverage restoration with superior esthetics and strength for primary anterior teeth, a trial was made with silicoated resin-bonded stainless steel crown with enhanced bond strength between stainless steel and composite resin. The results were as follows: 1. The result was revealed superior in the aspects of esthetics, strength, color stability, labial thickness and chairtime which is very significant especially for un-cooperative children. 2. On the contrary, the necessity of more than 2 appointments and the aspect of economy due to the lack of common-use were remained to be solved from now on.

정신분열병 환자의 인터류킨-2 생산능

이선미,박주홍,김동인,은헌정,김임,김경용 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.4

급성기 및 관해상태의 정신분열병 환자와 정상 대조군의 IL-2 생산능을 비교함으로써, 정신분열병의 여러 발병원인 중 자가면역 병인론의 증거인 세포성 면역방응의 저하 및 질병상태와 관련한 세포성 면역기능의 변화를 일부 한국인 정신분열병 환자에서 조사에서 조사하고자 하였다. 방 법 : DSM-IV의 정신분열병 진단기준에 적합한 급성기 환자 19명(남 : 10, 여 : 9)과 관해상태의 환자 21명(남 :12, 여: 9) 및 정상대조군 40명(남 : 20, 여 : 20)을 연구대상으로 하였다. 피험자로부터 채혈한 혈액에서 임파구를 분리하여 phytohemagglutinin으로 T임파구를 자극하고 세포배양하여 증식시킨후 IL-2immunoassay kit을 이용하여 T임파구의 IL-2 생산능을 측정하였다. 결 과 : IL-2 생산능은 성별에 관계없이 정신분열병 환자군에서 정상 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였다. (t=5. 97, p<0.001). 질병상태에 따라 급성기 정신분열병 환자군 및 관해상태 정신분열병 환자군으로 구분하여 정상대조군의 IL-2 생산능과 비교한 결과, IL-2 생산능이 정상 대조군에서 가장 높았고 다음은 관해상태 환자군이었으며 급성기 환자군에서 가장 낮았다. 세 군 사이에는 모두 유의한 차이가 있었다. (F=35.35, p<0.001). 결 론: 일부 한국인 정신분열병 환자에서 질병상태와 유의하게 관련된 세포성 면역기능의 저하가 관찰되며, 이는 정신분열병의 다양한 원인중 자가면역 기전에 의한 발병을 시사한다. Objects : This study was designed to examine the decreased cellular immune response and the change in cellular immunity related to to clinical status in Korean schizophrenic patients. Methods : The subjects were 19 acute schizophrenics and 21 remitted schizophrenics who met the DSM-IV criteria of schizophrenia and 40 healthy volunteers as the normal control. After the lymphocyte was separated from blood which had been drawn from the subjects and then T lymphocyte was stimulated by PHA and proliferated by cell culture, the examiner measured IL-2 productivity by IL-2 immunoassay kit. Results : IL-2 productivity of the schizophrenics was significantly lower than that of the normal controls. There was no significant difference between male and female in two groups. In the comparison by clinical status, acute schizophrenic group was the lowest, remitted schizophrenic group was next, and normal control group was the highest in the IL-2 productivity, with statistically significant difference among the groups(p<0.001). Conclusion : We suggest that there is a decrease in the cellular immune response which is significantly related to clinical status in some Korean schizophrenics. This finding supports that onset of schizophrenia may be the result of autoimmune mechanism, which is one of the various etiologic factors in schizophrenia.

<陋巷詞>에 나타난 士族의 가난체험과 의식의 변화

이동찬 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 1999 한국민족문화 Vol.14 No.-

This thesis mentioned briefly how the writer, Park In-Ro(朴仁老) who had very poor reality experience in his country society had accepted and formed Gasa literature, and how his reaction toward poverty had changed through the work, <Nuhangsa>. Park In-Ro was a poor writer in the early 17th century. Here I summarized briefly like this. First, In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, the change of society position started to happen and a poverty problem was the essential issue. The solution was the most important problem in life. This study dealt with the poverty problem which country society people had. Second, <Nuhagsa> was separate from the former literal custom which expressed one's ideal and aesthetic ways. It showed society reality and individual experience by using common language and communicative way. Therefore, we could understand the Gasa literary position of <Nuhagsa> in view of the expression of reality and enlargement of Gasa's prosaic ways. Third, Park In-Ro didn't enjoy the poor economic reality and weren't satisfied with it. So, he tried to show and recover the poor reality one should live a human universal life in social and historical background through Gasa works of the 17th and 18th centuries, even though he didn't show the solution to get over the problem. Fourth, Gasa works of the 17th century including <Nuhagsa> were treated by common people like women or farmers, and people concerned with Gasa works were changing from noble men to common people. In view of this aspect, <Nuhagsa> is very different from other works in the previous age and shows the special aspects unlike other works. At last, we can make it clear that <Nuhangsa> turns out to be Chosun age's late work.

우리 나라 勞動運動史 小考

李聖惠,徐東範 목원대학교 사회과학연구소 2000 社會科學硏究 Vol.- No.4

우리 나라의 노동운동사는 그 역사가 일천하고 구미제국보다 약 1세기정도 늦게 출발하였다. 그러나 변천은 다양하므로 이를 정리하여 앞으로 우리 노사관계 정립에 보탬이 되고자 하였다. 조선중기의 "고공", "임용사공"에서 강화조약 이후의 "덕대제도"나 "노계"등의 전근대적 노동관계와 을사보호조약 후의 광산, 부두 노동자의 증가로 노동조합이 설립되기 시작하여 일제의 탄압 속에서도 굳건히 지켜오며, 때론 노동운동으로 흑은 민족해방운동으로 발전하였다. 해방 후 사상적 대립으로 좌 · 우간 갈등이 있었으나 6.25 동란으로 갈등은 종식되고, 후인 1953년의 노동법 개정으로 산별 노동조합이 활발하게 발전하였다. 5.16군사정권에 의한 산별노조가 1980년 노동법 개정으로 기업별 노조로 환원되었다가 6.29선언으로 노동자의 욕구가 폭발적으로 분출됨에 따라 1987, 1997년 노동법 개정으로 현재에 이르고 있다. 특히 IMF경제위기 후 노사의 국민 경제적 영향을 크게 인식하고 노사정 협의의 중요성이 크게 대두되고 있는 실정이다.