김소월 시의 리듬 연구

권혁웅(Kwon, Hyuk?woong) 한국시학회 2013 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.37

이 논문은 소월의 대표시 다섯 편을 소리?뜻(프로조디)을 중심으로 분석한 논문이다. 다섯 편의 리듬 분석을 통해 7·5조 정형률로만 평가받던 김소월의 시에 소리?뜻을 중심으로 구축되는 자유시의 리듬이 내재해 있음을 확인하였다. 매 시편마다 두 개 이상의 소리 복합체가 동심원의 중심을 이루고 확산되면서 리듬을 구성하고 있었다. 이를 통해 확인된 리듬론의 일반원칙은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정형적 척도로서의 강세 대신에 의미상의 강세를 중심으로 리듬을 기술해야 한다. 주체의 발화는 늘 의미론적 맥락에 따라 더 강조하고 덜 강조하는 지점을 발생시키기 때문이다. 둘째, 개별 음소가 아니라 여러 층위의 음운복합체가 소리?뜻을 이루는 단위가 된다. 자음이나 모음 단독으로는 유의미한 소리?뜻을 얻기 어렵다. 셋째, 한 편의 시에는 서로 다른 의미자질을 중심으로 펼쳐지는 둘 이상의 소리?뜻이 있으며, 둘의 간섭과 상호작용에 따라 시 전체의 리듬이 모습을 드러내는 경우가 많다. 넷째, 의미 분석이 리듬 분석에 선행해야 한다. 시에서의 핵심어가 의식적, 무의식적으로 반복되면서 소리?뜻들을 출현시키기 때문이다. 핵심어에 의미론상의 강세가 오는 것은 지극히 자연스러운 일이다. This paper analyzed five representative poems by So?wal and focused on ‘a sound?meaning(prosody)’. Mostly his poems rated as one of traditional poems consists of 7.5 syllable rhythm. It means that the rhythm of So?wal’s poems contains not a fixed form of verse but the free verse. The rhythm of each and every poem consists of circles that having sense and meaning at the same time and there are the complicated system with more than two sounds. We will be able to get if we follow the following potential benefits to the General Convention of the rhythm theory proposed in this article. At first, the rhythm should be described by the semantic accent instead of the accent as a fixed measure. Since the utterance of the subject causes a differences of emphasis(more emphasized and less emphasis) according to the context of meaning. Second, it’s not a segmental phoneme but the complex phonological system with many levels that the unit consists of a ‘sound?meaning(prosody)’. It’s difficult for a single vowel or a single consonant to get a meaningful ‘sound?meaning’. Third, a poem contains two or more sound?meaning(prosody)s with different semantic features and the interaction between them mostly shows the rhythm of a whole poem. At last, the analysis of rhythm must be preceded by the semantic analysis. Because the conscious and unconscious repetition of a keyword in the poem brings sound?meaning(prosody).

1910년대 조선에서 자유주의의 두 가지 유형과 성격

최선웅(Choi, Sun?woong) 호서사학회 2015 역사와 담론 Vol.0 No.75

조형등대와 건축적 표상에 관한 연구 : 통영 문학기념 조형등대의 디자인 기술을 중심으로

안웅희(Ahn Woong-Hee),송민성(Song Min-Sung),고신채(Ko Sin-Chai),한창수(Han Chang-Soo) 한국항해항만학회 2007 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.1 No.춘계

등대는 전통적인 기능과 역할에 충실한 항로표지일 뿐만 아니라 사람들의 향수와 해양문화의 기억들이 묻어있는 공간이다. 최근에는 적절한 해양문화공간으로 개발함으로써 해양문화에 대한 인식을 높이고, 지역관광에 공헌을 하고 있는 추세이다. 특히, 해양수산부는 2006년 "희망의 빛 조형등대 설치계획"을 통하여 마산지방해양수산청 소속의 통영시 도남항 동방파제 등대를 건설하였다. 지역과 문화적 특색을 살릴 수 있는 기념등대로 개발하고자 하였으며, 이에 따라 통영의 훌륭한 문화적 성과를 기념대상으로 지정하였다. 이에 현상공모를 통해 한국해양대학교의 안웅희 교수의 작품이 당선되었다. 본 연구는 기존의 등대의 형태에서 벗어난 추상적이면서 기하학적인 형상을 통해 통영 일대의 문화적, 관광적 요소에 미치는 영향을 살펴봄으로써, 향후 등대건축의 방향성을 제시하고, 다양하게 검토되어야 할 논제들을 밝히는 것에 그 목적이 있다. The Lighthouse is not only functioning as a traditional aids to navigate for the vessel, but also space that has memory about marine culture and man's nostalgia. Recently, it contributes to regional tourism and makes a new meaning about marine culture through the development of lighthouse to a proper space of ocean culture. Especially, MOMAF has constructed the sculpture lighthouse in Tongyeong as "the light of hope-sculptural lighthouse project". They hoped to develop the memorial lighthouse that represents characteristic of the region and culture and it became a symbol of the great culture in Tongyeong. Through the competition, prof. Ahn Woong-Hee's design won the project, and constructed. For this situation, we intended to reveal in this study that all the issues which relate to the design for lighthouse in the future through the abstract, geometrical form of lighthouse that deviated the traditional design.

현대회화에서 신체성의 활용에 관한 연구

박기웅,Park Ki-Woong 한국조형예술학회 2004 조형예술학연구 Vol.6 No.-

Body means 1)the whole structure and substance of a man, animal, or plant 2) the trunk or torso of a man or animal 3) part of garment that covers the trunk 4) the fresh or material substance, as opposed to the spirit. Human body could be distinguished as fresh and spirit. Body has the meaning of physicality. Physical means the bodily and constitution, but in the meaning of constitution there is the content of spirituality. Physicality means the appearing or arising of trace or image or nuance of body. The paintings which are using bodies are 1) directly draw bodies 2) twisting or transformation or nuance of the body and highly upgrade the physical emotion or fantastic bodily nuance 3) directly rubbing artist's body on the surface of painting with pigments to elect tactile specification. These physical art have appeared broadly by various artists, mainly with the social aspects of sex, drug, psycho sexual issues. In case of Joel peter Whitkin, the reason of strong physicality in the art is from the mind of the rejection and resistance of real world which is targeting top, perfect and beauty. Further explanation, being the world which is separated top and under, men and women, beauty and ugly; further in the situation, the hierarchy, terror and pressure began and many difficult problems has derived. The contents of attacking feminists's art works are very obscene to reveal female and male's phallus strongly. Sometime, it is strongly related in the political issues. The physical paintings have strong meanings in the action by hands and feet. It supports that it could reveal the humanity with smell, breath, and traces of bodies. In the bodies, the origin of life begins which gives human life by blood lines and water. Sometime, the physical paintings are made by the blood and urine to stick the physicality for special nuance. The physical paintings are made by the image of penis and clitoris which are related in the image of urinating, ejaculation and sometime is symbolized as pens and candles to drop liquid. The selected painters who are related in physical painting are Jackson Pollock, Andrea Serano, Eve Klein, Francis Bacon, Francesco Clemente, Lichard Long, Jakes & Dinos Chapman, Anselm Kiefer, Kiki Smith and Park, Ki Woong. Francis Bacon's style is destructive in representing human shapes which give us special message about the unbearable activity of men politician, high brain, wealthy and religious people. Francesco Clemente's method is to use throat, ear hole, mouse, clitoris, belly nostrils and every holes of body to transmute human physical body. Lichard Long uses directly his body in drawing the surface of painting by using liquid of mud Jakes & Dinos Chapman destroys or transforms the bodies of human. It sometime appears wrong location of the bodies that the penis and vulva is in between human faces or nose of women, Anselm Kiefer uses human hair for representing the human decaying martyrs, and indirectly using straw, he gives special ritual action to repent the Nazi's fault. From 2002 to 2003, Park KI Woong used women womb images to intermingle the smoke shape of <9.11 terror, 2001> in New York to reveal the painful situation of the time(*).

韓國産 자작나무科의 系統分類學的 硏究(序論)

李相泰,蘇雄永,田寬培,李愚喆 全北大學校 生物學硏究所 1981 生物學硏究年報 Vol.2 No.-

The present paper is an introduction to the whole project of "The systematic studies on Korean Betulaceae". Three studies under the project were performed this year and presented in this report : a review of taxonomic literatures and the construction of distribution maps by Woo-Tchul Lee, pollen morphology by Sang-Tae Lee and Moo-Yeol Kim, and wood anatomy by Woong-Young Soh and Kwan-Bae Jeon.

고환에 발생한 표피양낭

정기욱,정웅교,김재웅,이홍우,강성학 大韓泌尿器科學會 2001 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.42 No.9

文化財 景觀 保存을 위한 移入要素 規制에 관한 硏究

박강철,김재웅,신웅주 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 2003 建設技術硏究 Vol.23 No.1

This study is to examine the degree of damages for the view of cultural properties, extract the validity of control methods of import elements and suggest the preservation method of view of cu1tural properties. For these, it evaluates and analyzes the views of cultural properties in Hwasun-gun, suggests the preservation methods through computer simulation and the conclusions are as follows. First, it is suggested that the degree of satisfaction is generally low and the need of control is high. Second, the highest correlations to traditionality are aesthetics and harmony and to keep the traditionality, control of import elements against harmony should be accompanied. Third, control methods of import elements are based on that unnecessary view should be removed and in case that it is difficult it should be moved to a place not to be found easily or concealed. In addition, it can be considered that materials of import elements should be changed into traditional materials or colors should be changed simply.

찰옥수수연구 XVIII 시설하우스에서 2기작 찰옥수수 교잡종의 주요 생육특성 비교

나웅현,복태규,고혁수,백승우,조양희,이희봉 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2013 농업과학연구 Vol.40 No.2

The major characteristics of the developed corn hybrids were compared at each different planting time; 1st time(April 28) and 2nd time(August 20), respectively. Among traits surveyed, stem height showed highly at 1st time than 2nd, while ear height, stem diameter and ear length were similar at two times. Sugar content of the used hybrids showed highly at 2nd planting time than 1st. Pericarp thickness was also high at 2nd planting time. Especially, among hybrids CNU99 was the highest in stem height and ear length, CNU11 and CNU56 were high in sugar content, and CNU51 and CNU124 were thiner than other hybrids in pericarp thickness. Accordingly, these hybrids will be planted and recognized in 2nd yield trial for superior corn hybrid selection.

가상 환경 시스템과 결합된 로봇 시스템 개발

현웅근 湖南大學校 情報通信硏究所 2003 정보통신연구 Vol.13 No.-

Recently, Virtual reality parts is applied in various fields of industry. In this paper we got under control motion of reality robot from interface manipulation in the virtual world. This paper created virtual robot using of 3D Graphic Tool. And we reappeared a similar image with reality robot put on texture the use of components of Direct 3D Graphic. Also a reality robot and a virtual robot is controlled by joystick. The developed robot consists of robot controller with vision system and host PC program. The robot and camera can move with 2 degree of freedom by independent remote controlling a user friendly designed joystick. An environment is recognized by the vision system and ultra sonic sensors. The visual image and command data translated through 900㎒ and 447㎒ RF controller, respectively. If user send robot control command the use of simulator to control the reality robot, the transmitterhecever got under control until 500miter outdoor at the rate of 4800bps a second in Hlaf Duplex method via radio frequency module useing 447㎒ frequency.

組織의 基礎理論硏究 : Barnard-Simon의 組織理論을 中心으로

羅雄培 서울大學校 商科大學 韓國經濟硏究所 1964 經濟論集 Vol.3 No.2

Foreword Twentieth century has been characterized by large-scale enterprises. These enterprises need effective management. And this management is closely related to organization of the enterprises. The importance of organization is growing day by day in this complicated society. Therefore, I am going to consider today's problems of organization, considering Banard-Simon's theories. Ⅰ. Situation and Characteristics of Banard-Simon's Organization Theories. The theories about administrative organization began with F.W. Taylor in the period between the latter half of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century. With Taylor's "Scientific Management" or "Taylor System", experimental and insitutive method of management changed into scientific method of management which is based on scheme and control. But he did not pay attention to the principles of organzation in the point of the problem of human group. Man was treated as tool by him. In 1920's Fayol, Urwick, Mooney and Reiley tried to explain the principles of organization itself. But they also lacked by human side of organization. Man was a mere tool to them also. Follet, Mayo and Banard conquered this defect. Mayo, Roethlisberger and Whitehead contributed new concepts to the study of organization such as informal organization against formal organization, morale, motive and leadership, etc. On the bases of these early theories, Banard and Simon achieved pioneeric study in explaining elementary problems of human behavior in organization. Banard tried to bring light on general characteristics of organization in his "The Functuions of the Executive". His theory begins with individual and tries to investigate the element of human behavior in mutual actions between organization and individual. He also treats organization very widely, even religional or political organization. Simon's theory is very similar to Bamard's. The only difference is that he is especially interested in public administration. Ⅱ. Formation of Organization and its Concepts. Banard is very careful in difining organization. He begins with the consideration of man and presents two concepts; "cooperative system" and "organization". His organization is an abstractive concept and not a group. Simon is not so careful in defining organization but he also has an abstractive concept", a complicated pattern of communication and other relations in human group. Ⅲ. Elements of Organization. 1. Purpose of organization: There are organization purpose and individual method in cooperative purpose. These two purposes often go against each other and may lead to the destruction of organization. Organization must keep balance with organization purpose and objective surroundings to exist. 2. Willingness to cooperate: Organization can not stand without willingness to cooperate of its members. This willingness is always changeable and its intensity depends on the incentives given by organization. 3. Communication: Probability of achievement of common purpose and individual with desire to contribute to it are two poles. The process that these two potential elements become active ones is the process of communication. Authority can be kept with this communication and the coordination among organization members can be achieved with influencial power, especially authority. Ⅳ. Theory of Decision-Making. The members of organization have general tendency in their behavior. And decision-making must come before behavior, and so decision-making in organization is one of basic problems. Banard paid much attention to this decision-making. He regards it as an action of selecting. He especially attaches much importance to lower decision. Simon has a similar view, but he considers the unconscious element and the illogical element, and so shows a wider view. He also indicates that rational selection is very difficult. Ⅴ. Theory of Influencial Power. The decision-making of individuals in organization is made by direct or indirect mutual action among members of organization. 1. Authority: Theories of Banard and Simon are especially characterized by this theory of authority. According to Banard, authority of a command depends on receiving men, not on the commanding men. He shows four conditions that are necessary for a command to have authority. Though a command can not satisfy all these conditions, it has authority because of zone of indifference. Simon extends Barnard's theory of authority. He says that authority is a power which induces other's decision making. There is a relation between the exercising men and the exercised men. He calls it "authority relations" or "power relations". He explains "area of acceptance", kinds of authorities, "sanctions" and the functions of authority. 2. Identification: This means mental circumstance to make decisions of individuals favourable to organization purpose. Simon explains its definition and several contributing elements. Ⅵ. Theory of Equilibrium. Organization is always in the act of organizing, dissecting and reorganizing. Cause of continuance of organization is willingness to cooperate, which depends on internal equilibrium, which depends on external equilibrium. 1. Incentives: Barnard defines it "net satisfaction". This net satisfaction appears when gains increase or losses decrease. This is closely related to individual motive. Therefore it sometimes needs to change individual motives. "Method of incentive" and "method of persuation" are all necessary. Banard shows various kinds of incentives, too. He considers not only economic incentives but also non-economic incentives. Simon classifies incentives according to participators. He classifies participators into customer, employee and an enterpreneur or manager. Both Banard and Simon lay great importance on non-economic, social incentives. 2. Equilibrium of organization: Banard and Simon say that equilibrium of organization is the element indispensable to continuance and prosperity of organization. Banard regards this as efficiency of organization. This efficiency of organization consists of one in value formation and the other in value distribution. Simon regards incentives given to participators by organization as input, and says that the incentives "output" by their contribution are distributed again among participators. Ⅶ. Theory of Informal Organization. Barnard and Simon lay much importance on the functions of informal organization, which is apt to be overlooked. Informal organization is group formation which continues and repeats without any special conscientious joint purpose, according to Banard. He defines, "Informal organization is union of individual contacts or mutual actions, and group formation through human contact with one another". This informal organization, though consciously made, has many influencial powers. But he emphasizes that informal organization can neither continue nor progress without formal organization. Society consists of formal organizations, and formal organization is refreshed by informal organization. On the other hand, formal organization, once formed, creates and needs informal organizations. Informal organization has important functions in formal organization. Ⅷ. Functions of the Management. The Management is considered to exercise principal roles to maintain and improve organization in Banard's theory. He classified management's functions into following three kinds. 1. To maintain and improve communication system. He needs to maintain informal organization for this function. 2. To secure individual actions which forms materials of organization. 3. To define and formalize organization purpose. Banard claims that administrator must do his functions as a part of organization and needs leadership with sense of adoptability and appropriateness and ability of responsibility. He says that leader has activeness, decisive ability, persuasive ability, sense of responsibility and knowledge. He puts too much importance on leader's ability. Ⅸ. Conclusion.(Significance of Theories of Banard-Simon) Firstly, they tried to establish organization theory as a social science. Banard indicated that too much emphasis on mental and psychologic process delayed the progress of social science. He tried to correct this error with his organization theories. He intended to find out common characters of organization. Simon was more anxious to establish organization theory as a scientific theory. He tried to do that with making jargons and conceptional tool useful for scientific analysis of validity about structure and operation. Simon's theory is regarded as first real organization based on scientific positivism in establishing general principles of human behavior. Secondly, they include not only economic organization but also non-economic organization such as political, religional organization as their study object. Therefore, they seem to overlook technical side of organization and functions and organization specific to a business economy. Lastly, their organization theory puts much importance on individuals. This point is the element that makes their theory entirely different from theories of their predecessors. In the conclusion of his book, Banard emphasized importance of cooperation and concluded that the proportion between the enlargement of cooperation and the progress of individual can not be explained by science, but it is the question of philosophy and religion. On the base of this classical theory, number of scholars are trying to establish more complete organization theory to slove many contradictions and oppositions existing in human society.