교통사고요소를 포함한 도로투자 우선순위 결정 : 대전광역시를 중심으로

성현영,장현봉 목원대학교 건축도시연구센터 2004 建築·都市環境硏究 Vol.12 No.-

There are several methods for deciding the priorities among many highway investments in Korea. But these methods have some weakness in procedure of evaluation and evaluation criteria. Moreover, priorities are much influenced by other factors, such as the will of decision-maker, the budget constraints and the tendency of political atmosphere. In the thesis, we make equal ranges for each evaluation items in order to minimize the errors caused by different ranges for each evaluation items. Also the traffic accident data were added to existing evaluation items. As a result, more reasonable procedure for deciding the priorities of highway investment are possible, using the existing traffic accident data.

암치료에 있어서 체질과 항암효과에 관한 한의학적 연구

성현제,신현규,박갑주,강봉주,은영아,김은해,정세영 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

As one of the chemical and experimental study on cancer treatment in Korea oriental medical hospital. Furthermore, we carried out the cytotoxicity test of extracts of herbal medicine. The results are as follows : About Clinical Aspects of the Oriental Medical Cancer Treatment - (1) Clinical experience is that 420 Oriental medical hospital were surveyed. Number of cancer patient treated by one oriental medical doctor was under 10(about 60%) or from 10 to 20(about 30%). (2) Diagnostic Procedure is that more than 80% of cancer patients were diagnosed by medical doctor of western hospital. (3) Therapeutic Method is that combination of oriental and western medical treatment was used in oriental medical hospital. (4) Relationship between cancer and constitutions is that to the relationship between cancer and constitutions, about 75% responded and most were considered to be Um. About Experimental Study - to evaluate the direct cytotoxicity of hot water and methanol extracts of 34 oriental medical presciptions on stomach cancer cell, SRB assay was carried out. (1) The IC50 value of water extract of Samsoum was 19㎍/㎖ and that of methanol extract was 15㎍/㎖, so that we confirmed Samsoum has a strong direct cytotoxicity. (2) The IC50 values of water extract of Coptidis Rhizoma, methanol extract of Caesalpiniae Lignum and Draba Semen were 10㎍/㎖, 19㎍/㎖ and 12.5㎍/㎖ respectively, so that we confirmed Coptidis Rhizoma, Caesalpiniae Lignum and Draba Semen have a strong direct cytototoxicity. (3) The IC50 value of combinatory prescription of Rhei Rhizoma, Forsythie Fructus and Caesalpiniae Lignum was about 40㎍/㎖.

혼파초지에서 질소시비수준과 방목율이 목초 및 육우생산에 미치는 영향

현봉수,김문철,김영호,송성언,이승협 제주대학교 농과대학 제주도축산문제연구소 1986 畜産論叢 Vol.1 No.1

Effects of N fertilizer levels and stocking rates on beef production in a mixed pastiire of orchard-grass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, red clover and alsike clover were studied using 3 levels of N fertilizer (50, 100 and 200 kg/ha) and 3 stocking rates (3,4 and 5 head /ha). The summarized results are the following; 1. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer on the mixed pasture increased dry matter yield and protein content(P<0.05) of the pasture species. The stocking rate did not influence either dry matter yield or protein content. 2. The percentage of pasture species increased and that of weeds decreased with increasing N fer-tilizer levels. lncreasing stocking rate from 3 to 5 heads/ha significantly influenced that of the other pastures and weeds. 3. Herhage intake per animal increased at the lower stocking rate, but total herbage intake per ha increased at the higher stocking rate, Increasing nitrogen fertilizer decreased herbage intake per animal , but slightly higher intake per animal was obserbed at 5 head stocking rate. 4. No significant difference in weight gain/ha was found among N levels and stocking rates ussd. Live weight gain per animal was greater at the higher N level and also at the louer stocking rate.

조선후기 친족결합 양상 : 충청도 지역 족계를 중심으로 Focusing on a local kinship fraternity in Chungcheong-do

成鳳鉉 한국고문서학회 2002 古文書硏究 Vol.21 No.-

조선사회에 있어서 친족은 중요한 사회수단이며, 사회구성 요소의 하나이었다. 그런데 친족은 세대가 지나면서 자연히 확대될 수밖에 없고, 그렇게 되면 친족의 결속은 자연 소원하게 되었다. 이러한 친족을 결속하기 위하여 조선후기 유행하기 시작한 것이 族契이다. 조선후기 친족의 결속을 이해하기 위하여 충청도 지역에서 조사된 족계 자료에 나타난 몇 가지 양상과 족계유행의 배경을 살펴 보았다. 족계는 대종계와 소종계로 나뉘는데, 소종계는 봉사대상의 현손들이 入契한 경우이고, 대종계는 遠祖를 제사하기 위한 것이었다. 족계에는 친손, 외손, 서자, 서손 까지도 참여하였다. 그러나 17세기 이후부터는 외손의 참여가 점차 배제되었으나, 그럼에도 소수이기는 하나 조선후기까지 외손이 친족으로 참여하였다. 그리고 족계의 참여는 성인이며 호주이었으나, 미성년의 자손이 참여 하였고, 父子가 함께 참여하기도 하였다. 족계의 정기회는 일년에 봄과 가을에 하였고, 정기회 때에 묘제를 지내고, 講信會라 하여 '立議'를 익히게 하였다. 정기회에 불참자와 입의를 준수하지 않는 족계원에 대해서는 강력하게 처벌하는 조목을 두어 친족의 결속을 강화 하였다. 조선후기에 족계가 유행하게 된 배경은 첫번째로는 종법질서의 정착에 따른 제사의 일반화이고, 둘째로는 조선후기에 이르러 증가된 친족의 파별의 결속을 위한 것이었으며, 마지막으로는 조선후기에 戰亂, 仕宦, 婚娶 등으로 친족들이 여러 곳으로 분산 거주하게 되자 이를 결속하기 위하여 실시한 것이다. In Joseon, consanguinity was an important social unit and one of components of society. Therefore, a person was considered social individual simply and one of the clans he belonged to at the same time. At this point, we call clan consanguinity, who closely related to him in a family tree and lived with him in the same area, not referring to whole clan group to which he belonged. However, small consanguinity groups became larger and brought the decline of family bond as generations went by. The weakened bond of consanguinity needed a systematic tool to strengthen the solidarity in the Joseon society where consanguinity functioned as a social unit. The solidification of Sung Confucianist order in late Joseon also wanted consanguinity which centered on the agnate. From the reason of this necessity in late Joseon society, a kinship fraternity began to be popular. The following are the several aspects of consanguinity formation in late Joseaon through the documents on the kinship fraternity in Chungcheong-do after the seventeenth century. The kinship fraternity is divided into Daejong fraternity for distant ancestors and small-scale Sojong fraternity branching off from Daejong; the first is for holding a ceremony for the repose of ancestors before the great-great- grandparent, and great-great-grandsons organized the second. In the kinship fraternity, grandsons, grandsons of daughters, even sons by a concubine, and grandsons by a concubine participated. Although few grandsons of daughters participated in the fraternity with the society turning to agnate-centered after the seventeenth century, some of them joined in the kinship fraternity as a consanguinity even in late Joseon. In general, the person should be an adult and householder for joining the kinship fraternity. However, sons under age or father and son sometimes joined it. The regular meeting of the kinship fraternity was held twice in spring and fall a year, an ancestral rite was held before the grave in the meeting. After the rite, people read and acquired 'Ipui' (regulations of the fraternity) in a Gangsinhoi meeting to strengthen the bond of kinship. There was a provision to punish a member of the fraternity severely for not participating in regular meetings and not observing the regulations. This kind of punishment regulation of the fraternity suggests that the kinship fraternity was a tool to unite consanguinity in late Joseon. One of the reasons which the kinship fraternity became popular in late Josean resulted from the generalization of a memorial serve with the settlement of Jongbeop order in which they thought much of agnate kinship order. That is, the eldest son was supposed to hold a ceremony for the repose of his ancestors and therefore, people formed the kinship fraternity to hold the ceremony together. Second, they organized the kinship fraternity to prevent themselves from be estranged from relatives, since the split branches of clan increased naturally in late Joseon. Finally, kinship families spread over many different areas and their social movement was activated because of wars, government service, or marriage. The kinship fraternity served as a measure to bind the kinship families together.

허혈성 심질환에 있어서 아데노신 급속 정맥투여후 관동맥압의 변화에 관한 연구

봉종대,오종용,배성한,신원용,김철현,이광희,최태명,현민수,김성구,권영주 순천향의학연구소 1998 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.4 No.2

Background: Adenosine interacts with A1 receptors present on the extracellular surface of cardiac cells, activating K+channels in a fashion. It produces coronary vasodilatation and AV nodal block. The half-time is one to six second and has ultra-short action. In ischemic heart disease, fractional flow reserve(FFR) can be achieved safely with intravenous adenosine infusions at a rate of 150㎍/kg/min which cause maximal coronary hyperemia. Purpose: We investigated the patients who have had ischemic heart disease(n=8). After adenosine intravenous administration(150㎍/kg/min), the effect cause maximal hyperemia of coronary artery. During peak maximal hyperemia, we reported clinical findings, coronary hemodynamics and electrocardiogram findings. Methods: After diagnostic coronary angiography and left ventriculography, catheter was advanced into the ostium of coronary artery. We investigated coronary hemodynamics such as systolic coronary artery pressure, diastolic coronary artery pressure, mean coronary artery pressure and heart rate. To assess the use of adenosine for determination of fractional flow reserve, hemodynamics and electrocardiogram were measured at basal state and during peak maximal hyperemia. Results: Symptoms developed 1.5-2 minute after adenosine intravenous administration and each symptom disappeared 2-2.5 minute after adenosine administration. Two patients represented asymptomatic appearance and six patients complained of flushing, chest pain, palpitation and headache. In eight patients with ischemic heart disease, 1.5 minute after venous administration of 150㎍/kg/min of adenosine, coronary artery pressure decreased and heart rate increased significantly. Conduction abnormalities after administration of 150㎍/kg/min of adenosine were transient 2nd degree AV block 2 cases(25%). Conclusions: Adenosine is a potent ultra short-acting vasodilator. Although coronary artery pressure decreased and heart rate increased and mild cardiovascular symptoms occurred after continuous infusion of 150㎍/kg/min of adenosine, it is useful as an agent for determination of fractional flow reserve.

Run-Length Coding과 Huffman Coding을 이용한 영상 압축기의 하드웨어 설계

이상진,김주현,이민우,강봉순,홍창희 東亞大學校附設 情報技術硏究所 2004 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.12 No.1

In this paper, we modify Run-Length Coding(RLC) and Huffman Coding(HC) algorithm for use of image compression and design as a hardwired architecture. The algorithm of RLC and HC compresses different area of Multi-Resolution Analysis(MRA) that is represented by Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT)[1-2]. RLC compressor and decompressor is simple so that is designed like a data-path flow. HC compressor's scheme is composed of 2 stage, the first one is generation of Huffman Tree. That needs many computations and times so that uses internal memory MACRO. The second one is making binary data using Huffman Tree. The decompressor of HC is also designed simply like that of RLC decompressor's data-path flow using Huffman Tree.

급성신부전, 막성 신병증과 간염이 합병된 제2기 매독1례

김현수,박영정,엄흥식,이활연,최상봉,김상현,박원도 白中央醫療院 2005 仁濟醫學 Vol.26 No.1

Syphilis is a systemic infectious disease infected by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. It shows variable clinical manifestations. Nephrotic syndrome from secondary syphilis is a rare complication in Korea. One letter was reported before in Korea. This report describes 64-year-old male patient with syphilis presented with feature of hepatitis, acute renal failure and nephrotic syndrome. A diagnosis of secondary syphilis was done by the serologic test for syphilis. After diagnosis of syphilis, we supposed that nephrotic syndrome and hepatitis were the complication of secondary syphilis and performed a kidney biopsy. A kidney biopsy revealed membranous nephropathy characterized by subepithelial deposits involving the glomerular basement membrane and effacement of epithelial foot-process on electron microscopy. The patient was treated with intramuscular benzathine penicillin 2.4 million units. Proteinuria, renal failure, hepatitis were resolved in 3 weeks after penicillin therapy.

광섬유 방사선 센서와 EBT 필름을 이용한 심부선량 백분율 측정 및 비교

조동현,장경원,유욱재,신상훈,이봉수,문주현,박병기 제주대학교 방사선응용과학연구소 2008 방사선응용과학연구소논문집 Vol.22 No.-

In this study, fiber-optic sensor is fabricated to measure PDD of CLINAC. As a scintillating light generated by a high energy X-ray from the medical LINAC is measured using photo diode amp system, It is expected that a high-resolution, real-time fiber-optic dosimeter for medical LINAC can be developed.

否定の接頭語 「不·無·非·未」の考察

宋賢穆,朴泰相 대구산업정보대학 1992 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

現代 日本語는 漢字의 使用빈도가 상당히 높다. 이 중에서도 가장 많이 利用되는 것이 一字漢字이다. 이 一字漢字는 단독으로 사용되는 것보다도, 다른 語와 결합해서 사용되는 경우가 많다. 이중에서도 接頭語로 분류하는 否定접두어 「不·無·非·未」가 대표적으로 使用빈도가 높은 一字漢字이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 現代 日本語 接辭의 一部分인 接頭語에 대한 槪念 및 從來의 연구를 검토하고, 또한 이 중에서 否定의 意味를 가지고 있는 否定接頭語 「不·無·非·未」에 대해서 검토를 했다. 결과로는 接頭語는 語의 構成에 重要한 位置를 點하고 있으며, 특히 이 接頭語는 全體 單語數에서 각 單語當 平均度數의 비율이 상당히 높다. 또한 否定接頭語「不·無·非·未」와 같은 漢語系는 日本語의 接頭語 중에서도 造語力이 상당히 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이중에서도 특히 否定接頭語 「不」 와 결합하고 있는 語가 가장 많다. 따라서 否定接頭語 「不·無·非·未」는 語의 發展에도 중요한 位置를 차지하고 있는 것이 확인되었다. 전체적으로 本論에서 볼 수 있는 것과 같이 否定接頭語 「不·無·非·未」는 現代日本語에 많은 영향을 끼치고 있는 것은 확실하다.

한국인의 우울증 진단기준의 특성

장성만,손지훈,이준영,최지환,조성진,전홍진,함봉진,이동현,조맹제 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.5

목적 국내의 여러 역학 조사에 따르면 한국인은 서구에 비하여 우울증의 유병률이 낮은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 낮은 유병률에 대하여 서구에서 정의하는 우울증의 진단 기준이 한국인의 문화에 맞지 않다는 진단 기준의 오류를 제시하거나, 실제로 유병률이 낮다는 설명을 시도하기도 하였다. 본 연구는 DSM-IV에서 제시하는 우울증의 진단 기준에 대하여 한국인의 반응 특성을 알아보고자 한다. 방법 2001년 KECA 연구에 응답한 만 18세 이상 65세 미만의 6,275명을 대상으로 하였다. 한국어판 CIDI (K-CIDI)를 통해 정신장애의 이환을 진단하였으며, K-CIDI 내의 우울장애 진단 기준만을 추출하여 분석하였다. 분석은 문항반응이론(Item Response Theory)을 적용하였다. 결과 한국인에서 DSM-IV의 주요우울장애 진단 기준의 오류는 없었으나, 진단 기준의 역치는 높았다. 한국인이 호소하는 우울증상으로서 "피로감"과 "집중력 저하", "수면 변화"는 진단되는 우울증의 초기부터 잘 나타나는 증상 들이며, "정선운동변화", "죽음/자살사고", "무가치함/죄책감"은 보다 심한 우울증에서 잘 나타나는 증상들이었다. 결론 DSM-IV가 제시하는 주요우울장애 진단 기준은 한국인의 우울증을 평가하는 데 있어 타당하기는 하나, 진단 기준의 역치가 높다. 우울증의 중증도에 따라 호소하는 증상들이 달랐다. Baekgrounds : Many Korean epidemiologic studies reported lower prevalence rates of depression than those of Western countries. For the low prevalence, it is explained that there's something wrong in the direct application of diagnostic criteria of depression to Korean culture, i.e. categorical fallacy, or it may be truly low-prevalent. We will analyze diagnostic criteria for depression detined by Western. Methods : Six thousand and two hundred seventy-five cummunity dwelling subjects, aged 18-64 years were interviewed by using Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). Diagnostic criteria for depression defined by DSM-IV were analyzed using the item response theory. Rcsults : We could not find any fallacies of diagnostic critcria tbr depression defined by DSM-IV when assessing depre-ssion among Koreans. Fatigue, concentration difficultics, and sleep disturbance appeared more fequently in mild depression, while psychomotor change, death/suicide, and worthlessness/guilt did not appear until severe depression. Cunclusion : The diagnostic criteria for depression defined by DSM-IV arc appropriate for the Koreans. There are different responding levels, i.e. threshold, of depressive criteria according to severities of depression. Koreans with depression are more likely to complain of appetite change, but less of worthless or guilty feelings than Western people.