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박영정 단국대학교(천안캠퍼스) 한국문화기술연구소 2017 한국문화기술 Vol.22 No.-
North Korean art have enter the overseas markets in a variety of ways. Ironically, there is no domestic market in North Korean art, but they are pioneering the overseas markets. Mansudae Art Studio(MAS) is the direct channel to overseas markets. MAS has operate the Korean Mansudae Art Museum and sells works in Beijing. And MAS is operating MAS Gallery, an online art market by Pier Luigi Cecioni, an Italian curator. Since 1970s MAS is operating a subsidiary company, Mansudae Overseas Projects Group of Companies(MOP). MOP built several monuments in African countries and earned millions of dollars in over the last 10 years. In Cambodia, MOP also showed a new case. MOP funded, built and is operating Angkor Panorama Museum. Another market of North Korean art is formed by European collectors. Nicholas Bonner and David Heather are British collectors. Willem van der Bijl, Ronald de Groen, and Franciscus Broersen are Dutch collectors. They visited to North Korea several times and bought works. They held North Korean art exhibitions in Seoul and other countries. Western collectors paid attention to the rarity of North Korean art. They saw Soviet socialist realism disappeared beyond the history in them. We should pay attention to what kind of changes this overseas expansion brings to North Korean art.
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박영정 연세대학교 통일연구원 2003 통일연구 Vol.7 No.1
Songun(=the army-based) politics can be defined that all the governmental programmes are led by the military suggested by Kim Jong-Il. Songun revolutionary leadership has dominated the North Korean politics since Kim Jong-Il visited 'Dabaksol' near Mankyungdae in 1 January, 1995. Since then, the politics has come into practice when Kim Jong-Il visited soldiers, farmers, and factory workers. Without doubt, Songun politics is the major governing philosophy in Kim Jong-Il's North Korea. This study aims to scrutinize North Korean literature and arts in Songun Age, in order to explain how Songun leadership has influenced literary works and performing arts. It is not an exaggeration at all to say that all the artists and literary professionals in North Korea are exclusively involved in creation and distribution of 'Songun literarture and arts'. This is well illustrated in the fact that model works of Songun literature and performing art are successively created: Mass gymnastics and artistic performance <Arirang>, a chorus suite <A Long Trip for Army-based Leadership>, a light-comedy <Cholryung>, and a novel <The barrel of guns>. Therefore, the North Korean literature and arts have already entered in the Age of 'Songun revolutionary literatue and arts'. That is the military leadership dominates even in literature and arts. At first, works of Songun revolutionary literature and arts were created by a few military art groups directly led by Kim Jong-Il himself. And then this kind of works have rapidly expanded to all the fields of literature and arts. The expansion or development of Songun revolutionary literature and arts shows that militarism dominates literature and arts, too. It should also be noted that Songun revolutionary leadership is represented in the selection of subject matter or theme in Songun literature and arts without creating a unique genre or style of Songun literature and arts. A few new generic works and news style of works were created, however, these cannot replace Juche Literature and Arts yet.
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박영정 제주평화연구원 2011 JPI Research Series Vol.2011 No.12
지금 ‘전 세계적’으로 ‘한류’ 열풍이 뜨겁다. 북한도 예외가 아니다. 북한에 부는 ‘한류 열풍’은 남⋅북한의 체제 대결 속에서 비공식적 루트를 통해 이루어지고 있기 때문에 문화시장에서 이루어 지는 일반적인 ‘한류’와는 성격과 의미가 다르다. ‘한류’가 공급되는 동기의 정치성 여부를 떠나 그 효과의 정치성이 크기 때문이다. 북한 주민의 남한 영상물 향유는 북한 당국의 통제와 단속을 피해 가며 비공식 문화로 향유되고 있다. 그럼에도 일부 계층에 제한되어 있긴 하지만 전국적 현상으로 확산되고 있고, 또한 유입 주 기가 짧아지는 등 그 흐름에 가속화하는 양상을 보이고 있다. 남한 영상물이 북한으로 유입되는 구체적 경로를 보면 북⋅중 국경지역에서 활동하는 밀수꾼들에 의해 ‘돈벌이’의 일환으로 이루어 지고 있다. 정치적 동기가 아닌 상업적 목적에 의해 유입이 이루어지기 때문에 북한 당국의 단속에 도 불구하고 오히려 지속적 확산이 이루어지고 있는 것으로 보인다. 북한 주민의 남한 영상물 수용 역시 정치적 동기보다는 문화수용 욕구에 기반하고 있으므로 단기적으로 ‘체제 위기’로 연결될 가 능성은 약하지만, ‘되돌릴 수 없는 문화적 흐름’을 형성하면서 장기적으로 북한 사회의 자유화에 크게 기여할 것으로 전망된다. 남한 영상매체를 통한 외부 정보의 유입은 북한 주민의 의식 변화를 이끄는 촉매제의 역할을 수 행하고 있으며, 또한 남한 문화와 생활을 미리 경험하게 됨으로써 남⋅북한 사회문화통합에 긍정 적 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 평가된다. 북한 주민의 일상에서 점점 비중을 높여가고 있는 남한 문화의 수용을 어떻게 분석하고 대응해 나갈 것인가, 본격적인 대비가 필요한 시점이다.
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박영정 한국문학언어학회 2003 어문론총 Vol.38 No.-
The light-comedy is a king of comedy and it is similar to humorous comedy which is different from the satirical comedy. In the light-comedy, comic situation is made by the comic hero's mistakes and misunderstanding and the mistakes are corrected and the misunderstanding is solved in the catastrophe. The North Korea has the premise that its hostile relation of class is settled for itself, so they insisted that the light-comedy there coincides with the social reality. In this term, it is understandable that the light-comedy appeared in the 1960, when the North Korean socialism was constructed on a full scale. Lee Dongchoon's The Echo (1961), a light-comedy treated with the comic hero whose thinking couldn't keep up with the change of the times, and who was reformed through the laughter at last. In 1970s the light-comedies were performed only by artists of movie and it was done by Kim Jungil's direction. The light-comedies of this time received the performance esthetics of the Korean traditional shrine, 'sunghwangdang' styled play. At this time the light-comedy was settled as a popular play because the famous movie stars appeared. After 1995, the new light-comedy which is suitable for the Songun revolution has appeared. In this comedy, the soldiers show up as heroes and the revolutionary spirit of soldier is emphasized. Since one of this new comedy, Cheolryoung (2003) shows the change of dramatic techniques, it is presupposed that the art of whole performance will be changed. Therefore it appears that the light-comedy has been already settled as one of leading plays in North Korea.
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