초등교사의 과학과 환경 교육에 대한 수업실태 분석 및 인식도

조태호,서승조,백남권,김성규,박강은,박원석 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.7

The purpose of this study was to analyze the elementary school teachers' perception toward the environment-related subjects in science education and to investigate their instructional methods in delivering the subjects in the classroom. The participants of this study were 300 elementary school teachers sampled from elementary schools in Kyung Nam Province. The findings of this study were as follows; First, more than half of the teachers surveyed showed that the environment-related units and contents in the science textbook were insufficient to the existing issues. Second, the large portion of teachers responded that the teaching materials in the textbook were insufficient to deliver the contents. Third, the largest portion of respondents replied that their preferred instructional method was a teacher-directed instruction followed by a case study approach. Fourth, in terms of the effectiveness of environmental education, both male and female teachers showed negative responses. Furthermore, male teachers were more negative than female teachers. Fifth, total means of their preference of the environment-related units was 3.13. The unit for sixth graders titled 'Environmental Pollution and Protecting Nature' showed the highest preference, whereas the unit for fifth graders titled 'Structure and Functions of Plants' showed the lowest preference. Sixth, there was no statistically significance in gender and their working areas. Seventh, there was statistically significant differences between male and female teachers in terms of teaching experience. In detail, the teachers with 5 to 9 teaching experience showed the lowest scores, while the teacher with more than 15 years teaching experience showed the highest scores in their perception of the units. Eighth, there was a significant difference between two groups in terms of their educational background. For example, two-year college graduates showed higher preference than four-year college graduates.

肉製品에 관한 衛生學的 硏究(第2報) : Changes of Nitrite and VBN (voltatile basic nitrogen) Contents and Bacterial Count in Pork Sausage Stored of Various Temperatures Pork Sausage의 保存溫度에 따른 亞硝酸合量, VBN 및 生菌數의 變化

姜鎬祚,韓錫絃 건국대학교 1978 論文集 Vol.7 No.1

The nitrite content, VBN(volatile basic nitrogen) and bacterial count in pork sausage stored at various temperatures were examined for the evaluation hygienic condition of meat products. 1.Nitrite content of pork sausage was decreased from 3.1ppm to 2.2ppm in 25 days at 7℃, from 3.1ppm to 0.8ppm in 5 days at 25℃, and from 3.1ppm to 0.4ppm in 5 days at 36℃, respectively. 2.Nitrite content of pork sausage in which potassium nitrite was added was, however, increased from 3.1ppm to the maximum amounts of 15.2ppm, 118.3ppm and 97.6ppm when kept for 35 days at 7℃, 30 clays at 25℃ and 26 days at 36℃, respectively. 3.Content of VNB of pork sausage with potassium nitrate was increased from 11mg% to 40mg% after the storage for both 35 days at 7℃, 5 days at 25℃ and 5 days at 36℃. The bacterial counts of the pork sausage of 7˚, 25˚ and 36℃ groups were increased from 103 to 104,109 anti 109, respectively.

急性骨髓性 白血症에서의 試驗管內 集落細胞 形成에 관한 연구

고석만,조덕연,박철신,강원권,김민범,김삼용,노흥규 忠南大學校 癌共同硏究所 1991 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.1 No.1

To evaluate the in vitro granulocyte-macrophage colony formation in acute myeloblastic leukemia and the prognostic implications of these results, the author performed the in vitro agar culture of bone marrow cells in 10 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and 5 control subjects. Culture medium was composed of 20% fetal calf serum(FCS), 50% Iscove's medium, 0.3% agar, 10% colony stimulation factor (CSF), and 2×105 cells/ml. Human placental conditioned medium (HPCM) and phytohemagglutinin-leukocyte conditioned medium (PHA-LCM) were used as colony stimulating factor. Colony counting was done on 7th day of culture. Colony was defined as containg 20 or more cells, and cluster was defined as containing 3 - 19 cells. The results were as followings, 1. In control subjects, the number of clusters formed was 3-47/2×10^(5) cells (20±19)and that of colonies was 5-24/2×10^(5) cells (14±9) when stimulated with HPCM. When stimulated with PHA-LCM, the number of clusters formed 5-39/2×10^(5) cells(18±16) and that of colonies was 6-13/2×10^(5) cells (9±3). 2. In AML patients, 3 groups were recognized according to pattern of colony formation : 1) non-forming 2) cluster forming 3) both cluster and colony forming. Of 10 cases, 5 cases were 'non-forming', 2 cases were 'cluster forming'; and 3cases wer cluster and 'colony forming'; 3. All 5 cases 'non-forming' cases, one of 2 cases of 'cluster forming'; and none of 3 cases of 'cluster and colony forming' achieved complete remission. So, there was significant difference in remission rate in the different growth types. These results suggest that granulopoiesis in AML patients is impaired and the pattern of in vitro CFU-L(colony forming unit-leukemia) formation has prognostic significance.

急性骨髓性 白血病에서의 試驗管內 集落細胞 形成에 관한 연구

고석만,조덕연,박철산,강원권,김민범,김삼용,노홍규 忠南大學校 癌共同硏究所 1991 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.1991 No.-

急性骨髓性 白血病에서의 試驗管內 集落細胞 形成에 관한 연구

고석만,조덕연,박철신,강원권,김민범,김삼용,노흥규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1988 충남의대잡지 Vol.15 No.2

To evaluate the in vitro granulocyte-macrophage colony formation in acute myfloblastic leukemia and the prognostic implications of these results, the author performed the in vitro agar culture of bone marrow cells in 10 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and 5 control subjects. Culture medium was composed of 20% fetal calf serum(FCS), 50% Iscove's medium, 0.3% agar, 10% colony stimulation factor (CSF), and 2 × 10 exp (5) cells/ml. Human placental conditioned medium (HPCM) and phytohemagglutinin-leukocyte conditioned medium (PHA-LCM) were used as colony stimulating factor. Colony counting was done on 7th day of culture. Colony was defi ned as containg 20 or more cells, and cluster was defined as containing 3-19 cells. The results were as followings, 1. In control subjects, the number of clusters formed was 3-47/2 × 10 exp (5) cells (20±19)and that of colonies was 5-24/2 × 10 exp (5) cells (14±9) when stimulated with HPCM. When stimulated with PHA-LCM, the number of clusters formed 5-39/2 × 10 exp (5) cells(18±16) and that of colonies was 6-13/2 × 10 exp (5) cells (9±3). 2. In AML patients, 3 groups were recognized according to pattern of colony formation: 1) non-forming 2) cluster forming 3) both cluster and colony forming. Of 10 cases, 5 cases Were `non-forming', 2 cases were `cluster forming'; and 3cases wer cluster and `colony forming'; 3. All 5 cases 'non-forming' cases, one of 2 cases of `cluster forming'; and none of 3 cases of `cluster and colony forming' achieved complete remission. So, there was significa nt difference in remission rate in the different growth types. These results suggest that granulopoiesis in AML patients is impaired and the pattern of in vitro CFU-L(colony forming unit-leukemia) formation has prognostic significance.

담양신설 IC의 교통소음도 조사연구

최형일,강영주,채희정,김연풍,조도호,설동화,정숙경 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 2007 環境公害硏究 Vol.20 No.1

After the vehicle has become a large formation with high-speed, loud noise from an express highway is increasing, and the number of large-scale apartment complexes, which are recently being constructed in the metropolitan area nearby the express highway and IC, is increasing gradually. Compared with a main road, the traffic volume and the speed of a vehicle between IC and the ramp way [turn-off] are smaller. If the ramp way is rightly connected with the downtown area, however, the traffic-noise that comes about in surrounding areas will be in conjunction with the traffic-noise from the main road of express highway and that of the ramp way. This research has selected a place that hasn't had a road or a commercial quarter nearby the main-road of IC and ramp way. Then we have studied the traffic-noise status under minimizing influence of its outer-noise, which occurs in IC. 1. The traffic volume change of a small and full-sized car with time has been kept on regularity in 2004 and 2005. As the traffic volume of a full-sized car has diminished remarkably, it has been maintaining through 6:00a.m.-10:00 a.m. As it has decreased since lO:OO a.m.. we have also observed the traffic proportion going up. 2. Monthly traffic volume of small cars was higher in May, August and October than other months. We have observed that the high traffic volume during these months is due to the following: May-The Damyang festival, August-a high-demand season, October-viewing scarlet maple leaves. Monthly traffic volume of full-sized cars was generally higher in August, but it has decreased during 2006. This was due to the many construction trucks that were working on the extension of the 88 Olympic expressway. Therefore, there was more traffic volume in 2006 compared to 2004 and 2005. 3. In this study, the noise figures have been less than 55 dB(A) in 18 spots. There were 14 spots from 55dB(A) to 58dB(A). 58-61dB(A) : 20, 61-64dB(A) : 17, 64-67dB(A) : 18. There were 8 spots we observed at the highest level from 67dB(A) to 70dB(A). Those were the nearby spots separating the main road and Damyang IC. 4. Traffic-noise at the boundary between IC and the main road of an expressway was higher than that of the same distance in other places. 5. We have observed that traffic-noise is low in places with mountains that serve the role of soundproofing walls. Thus, the fundamental sound hadn't affected it.

남자 만성 정신분열증 환자에서 Risperidone 투여에 의한 치료반응과 혈장HVA 및 5-HIAA 농도와의 관계

김형섭,조숙행,강대엽,박성덕,김광현 용인정신의학연구소 1997 용인정신의학보 Vol.4 No.2

원전의 가동중검사 관련 각국의 기술기준 비교고찰

신호상,김경조,장창희,강석철 한국비파괴검사학회 2004 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.24 No.2

각국의 법령에서는 원자력발전소에서 발생할 수 있는 사고로부터 국민의 건강과 재산을 보호하기 위해 원자력발전소의 압력경계 주요 용접부 등에 대해서는 주기적으로 열화의 정도를 파악하기 위한 가동중 비파괴검사를 수행하도록 규정하고 있으며, 이를 뒷받침하기 위한 가동중검사 기술기준을 제정하여 이행하고 있다. 최근 리스크를 반영한 가동중검사 프로그램을 개발하여 적용을 시도하고 있지만, 기존의 결정론적 검사대상 선정 프로그램은 아직도 상당한 의미가 있다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 가동중검사에 관한 선진국 즉, 미국, 프랑스, 캐나다, 일본 등의 기술기준과 IAEA에서 제시하는 안전지침에 비교검토를 통하여 현재 국내 가동중검사 기술기준의 개선방안을 모색하고자 하였다. In each country, the periodic ISI(In-Service Inspection) is required by the law to protect the public health and property from the potential accident of the nuclear facilities. To support the implementation of ISI program, the prescriptive ISI technical standards have been established. As the key parts of the ISI program, the non-destructive examination techniques are widely used to identify the degree of degradation of the pressure boundary components and welds. Recently, the risk informed-ISI program has been developed and implemented in several countries. Nonetheless, the existing ISI program which prescriptively decides the scope of inspection still has its own significance. In this article, the technical standards of ISI in leading countries like US, France, Canada, and Japan are reviewed and compared with the safety guide by IAEA. An outline to revise the domestic technical standards of ISI has been suggested.

The Results of Curative Radiotherapy for Carcinoma of Uterine cervix

강기문,유미령,장지영,서태석,윤세철,박용휘,신경섭,남궁성은,김승조,Kang Ki Mun,Ryu Mi Ryeong,Chang Gee Young,Suh Tae Suk,Yoon Sei Chul,Bahk Yong Whee,Shinn Kyung Sub,Namkoong Sung Eun,Kim Seung Jo The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 1993 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.11 No.1

가톨릭의과대학 강남성모병원 치료방사선과에서 1983년 3월부터 1989년 10월까지 79개월 동안에 자궁경부암으로 근치적 방사선치료를 받았던 135명의 환자들 중에서 추적이 가능하였던 120명의 환자들을 대상으로 치료결과및 예후에 영향을 미치는 인자에 대하여 후향적 분석을 하였다. 방사선 단독으로 치료한 환자는 78명이었고 유도 화학요법을 방사선 치료전에 시행한 환자는 42명이었다. 대상 환자들의 추적 조사기간은,2개월에서 106개월이었고 중간 추적조사 기간은 62개월이었다. 환자들의 나이는 32세부터 79세까지의 분포를 보였다(중앙값, 59세). FIGO 병기별 분류에 의하면, IB 기가 20명 ($16.7{\%}$), IIA 기가 19명 ($15.8{\%}$), IIB기가 49명 ($40.8{\%}$), IIIA 기가 5명 ($4.2{\%}$), IIIB기가 13명 ($10.8{\%}$), IVA 기가 14명 ($11.7{\%}$)이었다. 전체환자의 5년 생존율은 $50.8{\%}$였다. 병기별 5년 생존율은 IB 기가 $47.7{\%}$ IIA 기가 $70.2{\%}$, IIB 기가 $64.1{\%}$, IIIA 기가 $40.0{\%}$, IIIB 기가 $23.1{\%}$, IVA 기가 $14.3{\%}$였다. 치료방법에 따른 5년 생존율은 방사선 단독으로 치료한 환자가 $51.2{\%}$였고, 유도화학요법을 방사선 치료전에 시행한 환자는 $54.0{\%}$였다. 치료후 재발은 22명 ($18.3{\%}$,)에서 관찰되었고, 이중 14명 ($11.7{\%}$)에서 국소재발이, 7명 ($5.8{\%}$)에서 원격전이가, 1명 ($0.8{\%}$)에서 국소재발과 원격전이가 함께 발생하였다. 그리고, 치료에 의한 합병증은 41명 ($34.2{\%}$)에서 관찰되었으며 9명 ($7.5{\%}$)에서 습낙설, 8명 ($7.5{\%}$)에서 설사, 7명 ($5.8{\%}$)에서 방사선 직장염의 순으로 발생하였다. 예후와 관련된 생존율에 영향을 주었던 인자로는 나이 (p<0.0291), 병기(p<0.0001), 전신상태(p<0.0041), 초기 혈색소 수치 (p<0.0001), 강내 조사(p<0.0004)였고, 조직학적 소견(p<0.29), 유도 화학요법과의 병행치료(p<0.87)는 통계학적으로 유의하지 않았다. This is a retrospective analysis of 135 patients with invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated with curative radiotherapy from March 1983 through October 1989 at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Kang-Nam 51. Mary's Hospital. Among them, 78 patients received radiotherapy alone and 42 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy and 15 patients were lost to follow up. All patients had follow up from 2 to 106 months (median; 62 months). Age of the patients ranged from 32 to 79 years at presentation (median; 59 years). According to FIGO classification, there were 20 ($16.7{\%}$) in stage IB, 19 ($15.8{\%}$) in stage IIA,49 ($40.8{\%}$) in stage IIB, 5 ($4.2{\%}$) in stage IIIA, 13 ($10.8{\%}$,) in stage IIIB,14 ($11.7{\%}$) in stage IVA. The pathological classification showed 96 ($80.0{\%}$) squamous cell carcinomas, 5 ($4.2{\%}$) adenocarcinomas and 19 ($15.8{\%}$) proven by cytology. The overall 5-year survival rates was $50.8{\%}$, and the 5-year survival rates by stage IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IVA was $47.7{\%},\;70.2{\%},\;64.1{\%},\;40.0{\%},\;23.1{\%},\;14.3{\%}$, respectively. The 5-year survival rates was noted $51.2{\%}$ of radiotherapy alone and $50.4{\%}$of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. The overall failure rate was $18.3{\%}$(22/120) including $11.7{\%}$ (14/120) locoregional failure, $5.8{\%}$ (7/120) distant metastasis and $0.8{\%}$(1/120) locoregional failure with distant metastasis. Treatment failure rates by the stages were $15{\%}$ (3/20) in stage IB. $10.5{\%}$ (2/19) in stage IIA, $10.2{\%}$, (5/49) in stage IIB, $20{\%}$ (1/5) in stage IIIA, $61.5{\%}$(8/13) in stage IIB, and $28.6{\%}$ (4/14) in stage IVA. The overall complication rate was $34.2{\%}$(41/120) including wet desquamation $7.5{\%}$, (9/120), diarrhea $6.7{\%}(8/120), radiation proctitis $5.8{\%}$(7/120) in decreasing order. A multivariate analysis of factors influencing the survival showed patient age (p < 0.0291), FIGO stage (p<0.0001), Karnofsky performance status (p<0.0043), initial hemoglobin level (p<0.0001), and intracavitary radiation (p<0.0004), but, no significancy in histology (p<0.29) and treatment method (p < 0.87).

The Results of Curative Radiotherapy for Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix

Ryu, Ryeong,Chang, Gee Young,Namkong, Sung Eun,Bahk, Yong Whee,Shinn, Kyung Sub,Kim, Seung Jo,Suh, Tae Suk,Yoon, Sei Chul,Kang, Ki Mun CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1994 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.22 No.2

One-hundred five patients with invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated with curative radiotherapy from March 1983 through October 1989 at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Kang-Nam St. Mary's Hospital. Among them, 78 patients received radiotherapy alone and 42 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy and 15 patients were lost to follow up. All patients had follow up from 2 to 106 months (median; 62 months). Age of the patients ranged from 32 to 79 years at presentation (median; 59 years). The overall 5-year survival rates was 50.8%, and the 5-year survival rates by stage ⅠB, ⅡA, ⅡB, ⅢA, ⅢB, ⅣA was 47.7%, 70.2%, 64.1%, 40.0%, 23.1%, 14.3%, respectively. The 5-year survival rates was noted 51.2% of radiotherapy alone and 50.4% of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. The overall failure rate was 18.3% (22/120) including 11.7% (14/120) locoregional failure, 5.8% (7/120) distant metastasis and 0.8% (1/120) locoregional failure with distant metastasis. Treatment failure rates by the stages were 15% (3/20) in stage ⅠB, 10.5% (2/19) in stage ⅡA, 10.2% (5/49) in stage ⅡB, 20% (1/5) for stage ⅢA, 61.5% (8/13) in stage ⅢB, and 28.6% (4/14) in stage ⅣA. The overall complication rate was 34.2% (41/120), including wet desquamation 7.5% (9/120), diarrhea 6.7% (8/120), radiation proctitis 5.8% (7/120) in decreasing order. A multivariate analysis of factors influencing the survival showed patient age (P=0.0291), FIGO stage (P=0.0001), Karnofsky performance status (P=0.0043), initial hemoglobin level (P=0.0001), and intracavitary radiation (P=0.0004), but, no significancy in histology (P=0.29) and teatment method (P=0.87).