태연혈(太淵穴)의 유침 시간에 따른 체온 변화 -적외선체열촬영(赤外線體熱撮影)을 중심으로-

이봉효 ( Bong Hyo Lee ),이경민 ( Kyung Min Lee ),박지하 ( Ji Ha Park ),김민서 ( Min Seo Kim ),김산들 ( San Deul Kim ),박병규 ( Byeong Gyu Park ),양현동 ( Hyun Dong Yang ),예성호 ( Sung Ho Yea ),이호정 ( Ho Jung Lee ),최재원 ( Jae 경락경혈학회 2012 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.29 No.2

Objectives: This study was performed to find the desirable remaining time of needle in the acupuncture treatment. Methods: The 21 volunteers were given acupuncture at LU9 vertically and needles were remained for 2 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, respectively. The thermographic change induced by acupuncture was measured with Digital Infrared Thermographic Image at the following acupoints: LU11, LU10, LU9, LU8, LU5, LU1, and PC7. The statistical significance of thermographi change was evaluated using paired t-test and post hoc Wilcoxon test. Results: The most significant changes after acupuncture were produced when needles were remained for 10 min or 15 min. LU11, LU5, LU1, and PC7 were the point at which all of the remaining time produced significant change commonly. At LU11, the biggest change was produced when needle was remained for 15 min, while at LU5, LU1, and PC7, the biggest change was produced when needle was remained for 30 min, and the smallest change was produced when needle was remained for 10 min at all of acupoints of LU11, LU5, LU1, and PC7. The unbalance between left side and right was decreased the most largely in 15 min group. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the desirable remaining time of acupuncture needle might be 15 min.

Production of Iron-Binding Peptides from Colostral Whey by Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Sang Bum Kim,Myoung Soo Nam,Kwang Seok Ki,Hyeon Shup Kim,Min Jung Ku,Won Mo Cho 한국축산식품학회 2010 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.30 No.6

Colostral whey prepared from colostrum (pooled from first six post-partum milkings) was heated for 10 min at 100oC. Heated colostral whey was incubated with 1% enzymes (protein equivalent basis) for 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min at 50oC. Papain, pepsin, trypsin, and alcalase produced different degrees of hydrolysis (DH), 10.66%, 12.42%, 10.83%, and 25.31%, respectively, at an incubation time of 120 min. The SDS-PAGE reveals that significant amounts of bovine serum albumin (BSA), β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), and α-lactalbumin (α-LA) survived papain digestion. In contrast, pepsin completely removed BSA but not β-LG present in heated colostral whey. Alcalase completely eliminated BSA, β-LG, and α-LA. This differential hydrolysis was confirmed by reversed-phase HPLC analysis. Using ion-exchange chromatography, fraction-1 (F-1) was obtained from alcalase hydrolysate at a NaCl gradient concentration of 0.25 M. Reversed-phase HPLC chromatograms of alcalase F-1 showed numerous small peaks, which probably indicate that a variety of new peptides were produced. Iron content of alcalase F-1 was 28.94 ppm, which was the highest among all enzyme fractions, whereas iron content of colostral whey was 36.56 ppm. Main amino acids contained in alcalase F-1 were Thr (15.45%), Glu (14.12%), and Ser (10.39%). Therefore, alcalase can be used to generate good iron-binding peptides in heated colostral whey, and the resulting iron-binding peptides could be suitable as a value-added food ingredient for food supplements.

난치성 백반증에 대한 흡입물집을 이용한 비배양 표피세포이식술 20례

배정민 ( Jung Min Bae ),정한미 ( Han Mi Jung ),이한나 ( Han Na Lee ),이로우 ( Ro Woo Lee ),은성혜 ( Sung Hye Eun ),권혁선 ( Hyuck Sun Kwon ),이지혜 ( Ji Hae Lee ),김경문 ( Gyong Moon Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회지 Vol.56 No.7

Background: As nonsurgical interventions for vitiligo are not always successful, various surgical modalities have been used in patients with refractory vitiligo. Of these, non-cultured epidermal suspension transplantation (NCES) was recently introduced to treat large recipient sites using cells from small donor tissue. Objective: We assessed the effectiveness and safety of NCES as a surgical treatment for patients with refractory vitiligo. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 20 cases in 17 patients (11 females; median age 25 years) who underwent NCES from July 2015 through March 2018. Suction blisters (20 mm in diameter) were collected from the patient’s inner thigh at a donor-to-recipient area ratio of 1:5. After the addition of 5 mL recombinant trypsin solution to the suction blisters, followed by incubation at 37°C for 60 min, epidermal cells were manually scraped off the blister surface, and epidermal cell suspension was obtained by centrifugation at 1,500 RPM for 5 min. The suspension was applied to the vitiligo regions after epidermal ablation of those regions. Phototherapy resumed 1 month later. Treatment success was defined as ≥75% repigmentation of the surgical site, and all adverse events were noted. Results: Overall, 85.0% of cases (17/20) exhibited treatment success. Adverse events included hyperpigmentation (20%) and surgical site infection (5%), but the treatment was tolerable in all cases. Conclusion: NCES is a reliable surgical option for patients with vitiligo refractory to nonsurgical treatment. Large areas of vitiligo can be treated by NCES, and use of this technique should be encouraged in Korea. (Korean J Dermatol 2018;56(7):426∼432)

Dry etching of polydimethylsiloxane using microwave plasma

Hwang, Sung Jin,Oh, Dong Joon,Jung, Phill Gu,Lee, Sang Min,Go, Jeung Sang,Kim, Joon-Ho,Hwang, Kyu-Youn,Ko, Jong Soo IOP 2009 JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING - Vol.19 No.9

<P>This paper presents a new polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dry-etching method that uses microwave plasma. The applicability of the method for fabricating microstructures and removing residual PDMS is also verified. The etch rate of PDMS was dominantly influenced by the gas flux ratio of CF<SUB>4</SUB>/O<SUB>2</SUB> and the microwave power. While the PDMS etch rate increased as the flux ratio of CF<SUB>4</SUB> was increased, the etch rate decreased as the flux ratio of O<SUB>2</SUB> was increased. The maximum etch rate of 4.31 µm min<SUP>−1</SUP> was achieved when mixing oxygen (O<SUB>2</SUB>) and tetrafluoromethane (CF<SUB>4</SUB>) at a 1:2 ratio at 800 W power. The PDMS etch rate almost linearly increased with the microwave power. The ratio of the vertical etch rate to the lateral etch rate was in a range of 1.14–1.64 and varied with the gas fluxes. In consideration of potential applications of the proposed PDMS etching method, array-type PDMS microwells and network-type microprotrusion structures were fabricated. The contact angle was dramatically increased from 104° (non-etched PDMS surface) to 148° (etched PDMS surface) and the surface was thereby modified to be superhydrophobic. In addition, a thin PDMS skin that blocked holes and PDMS residues affixed in nickel microstructures was successively removed.</P>

친환경 세척제의 처리 방법을 달리하여 착즙한 당근 주스의 미생물 안전성 및 품질

임상욱(Sang-Wook Lim),최다정(Da-Jeong Choe),강민정(Min-Jung Kang),김종현(Jong-Hyun Kim),김묘정(Myo-Jeong Kim),김민주(Min-Ju Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2017 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.46 No.10

본 연구에서는 당근의 세척에 사용되는 친환경 세척제의 초기 미생물 제어 효과를 향상시키기 위해 탄산수소나트륨과 구연산의 단독 및 병합 처리 조건을 설정하였으며 저장 중 당근 주스의 미생물 수 및 품질 특성 변화를 분석하였다. 친환경 세척제의 단독 처리 방법으로는 0.5, 1, 2% 탄산나트륨수와 0.2, 0.5, 1% 구연산수를 적용하였고, 살균 효과를 비교하기 위해 무처리구, 수돗물 처리구, 50 ppm 차아염소산나트륨 처리구를 사용하였다. 당근의 세척을 위한 병합처리 방법으로는 단독 처리에서 우수한 살균 효과를 나타낸 1% 탄산수소나트륨수와 1% 구연산수를 이용하였고, 1% 탄산수소나트륨수 처리 후 1% 구연산수로 처리하는 단계적 병합 처리구가 가장 우수한 살균 효과를 나타내었다. 1% 탄산수소나트륨수와 1% 구연산수의 단계적 병합 처리구는 무처리구에 비해 일반 세균수 1.87 log CFU/mL, 대장균군 1.56 log CFU/mL를 감소시켰고, 50 ppm 차아염소산수에 비해서도 일반 세균수 1.07 log CFU/mL, 대장균군 0.22 log CFU/mL의 미생물 감균효과를 나타냈다. 1% 탄산수소나트륨수 처리 후 1% 구연산수의 단계적 병합 처리구를 4°C에서 7일 동안 저장한 결과 수돗물, 50 ppm 차아염소산수나 혼합 병합 처리구, 1% 구연산수 처리 후 1% 탄산수소나트륨 처리구에 비해 미생물 제어 효과가 확실하게 나타났지만, pH, 당도, 산도, 색도에는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구 결과 1% 탄산수소나트륨과 1% 구연산의 단계적 병합 처리는 당근 세척 시 초기 미생물 제어와 품질 유지에 있어 효과적인 살균처리 방법으로 비가열 당근 주스의 유통기간 동안 미생물 안전기준에 부합하며 주스의 품질을 유지할 수 있는 바람직한 세척방법으로 판단된다. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial inhibitory activity and physicochemical quality of fresh carrot juice prepared with different environmentally-friendly washing methods during low temperature storage. Individual and combined treatments with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda, NaHCO₃) and citric acid were applied to carrots for 10 min. Tap water and 50 ppm of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were used as the control. Combined treatment of 1% NaHCO₃ and 1% citric acid significantly reduced total aerobic counts and coliforms. In addition, combined treatment of 1% NaHCO₃ and 1% citric acid inhibited microbial growth for 7 days at 4°C and 10°C in a shelf-life study. There were no significant differences among the sanitizers in terms of °Brix, acidity, pH, and color. Changes in physicochemical quality were not significantly different by sanitizer but were affected by storage temperature. These results indicate that washing with combined treatment of 1% NaHCO₃ and 1% citric acid is an effective method to inhibit the microbial population and maintain physicochemical quality. Therefore, combined treatment of 1% NaHCO₃ and 1% citric acid can be effectively used to sanitize and prepare carrot juice without affecting other properties.

Genomewide Expression Profile of Forsythia Suspensa on Lipopolysaccaride-induced Activation in Microglial Cells

Sohn, Sung-Hwa,Ko, Eun-Jung,Kim, Yang-Seok,Shin, Min-Kyu,Hong, Moo-Chang,Bae, Hyun-Su The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2008 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.4 No.2

Microglia, which is the primary immune effector cells in the central nervous system, constitutes the first line of defense against infection and injury in the brain. The goal of this study was to determine the protective (anti-inflammation) mechanisms of forsythia suspense (FS) on LPS-induced activation of BV-2 microglial cells. The effects of FS on gene expression profiles in activated BV-2 microglial cells were evaluated using microarray analysis. BV-2 microglial cells were cultured in a 100mm dish $(1{\times}10^7/dish)$ for 24hr and then pretreated with $1{\mu}g/mL$ FS or left untreated for 30 min. Next, $1{\mu}g/mL$ LPS was added to the samples and the cells were reincubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, 1hr, and 3hr. The gene expression profiles of the BV-2 microglial cells varied depending on the FS. The oligonucleotide microarray analysis revealed that MAPK pathway-related genes such as Mitogen activated protein kinase 1 (Mapk1), RAS protein activator like 2 (Rasal2), and G-protein coupled receptor 12 (Gpr12) and nitric oxide biosynthesis-related genes such as nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) adaptor protein (Nos1ap), and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (Ddah1) were down regulated in FS-treated BV-2 microglial cells. FS can affect the MAPK pathway and nitric oxide biosynthesis in BV-2 microglial cells.

Production of Iron-Binding Peptides from Colostral Whey by Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Kim, Sang-Bum,Ku, Min-Jung,Cho, Won-Mo,Ki, Kwang-Seok,Kim, Hyeon-Shup,Nam, Myoung-Soo Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2010 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.30 No.6

Colostral whey prepared from colostrum (pooled from first six post-partum milkings) was heated for 10 min at $100^{\circ}C$ Heated colostral whey was incubated with 1% enzymes (protein equivalent basis) for 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min at $50^{\circ}C$. Papain, pepsin, trypsin, and alcalase produced different degrees of hydrolysis (DH), 10.66%, 12.42%, 10.83%, and 25.31%, respectively, at an incubation time of 120 min. The SDS-PAGE reveals that significant amounts of bovine serum albumin (BSA), ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin (${\beta}$-LG), and ${\alpha}$-lactalbumin (${\alpha}$-LA) survived papain digestion. In contrast, pepsin completely removed BSA but not ${\beta}$-LG present in heated colostral whey. Alcalase completely eliminated BSA, ${\beta}$-LG, and ${\alpha}$-LA. This differential hydrolysis was confirmed by reversed-phase HPLC analysis. Using ion-exchange chromatography, fraction-1 (F-1) was obtained from alcalase hydrolysate at a NaCl gradient concentration of 0.25 M. Reversed-phase HPLC chromatograms of alcalase F-1 showed numerous small peaks, which probably indicate that a variety of new peptides were produced. Iron content of alcalase F-1 was 28.94 ppm, which was the highest among all enzyme fractions, whereas iron content of colostral whey was 36.56 ppm. Main amino acids contained in alcalase F-1 were Thr (15.45%), Glu (14.12%), and Ser (10.39%). Therefore, alcalase can be used to generate good iron-binding peptides in heated colostral whey, and the resulting iron-binding peptides could be suitable as a value-added food ingredient for food supplements.

신홍균(申洪均:改名申屹,申矻)한의사의 생애와 독립운동

정상규(Jung Sang Gyu),신민식(Shin Min Shik) 한국의사학회 2021 한국의사학회지 Vol.34 No.1

ShinHong-GyunandhisfamilyhavebeeninmedicineformanygenerationsasKoreanMedicalDoctors(KMDs).In1919whenShin Hong-GyunwasparticipatinginanindependencemovementinJang-Baek-Hyun,hisyoungerbrotherShinDong-Gyunwaskilledby Japanesemilitarypoliceforces.ThistragicincidenttriggeredShinHong-Gyuntoestablishanarmyfornationalindependencecalled <Dae-JinDan>,holding200youngmen,toserveinarmedstruggleagainsttheJapaneseGovernmentwithKim Jung-GeoninMay,1920. InMarch1933,ShinHong-Gyun,asamilitarysurgeon,ledhismentotheKoreanIndependenceArmytofightabattle.Oncehebecame amemberoftheKoreanIndependenceArmy,he,infact,participatedinfewbattles:Sadohaja,Dong-Kyung-Sung,Deajeonjayeong. DaejeonjayeongwasawaypointthattheJapanesemilitaryneededtopassthroughinordertoreachtheWangcheongarea.Shin Hong-Gyun’sindependenceforceshadtoendurepainfulstarvationandheavyrainwhilehidinginambushforlongperiodsoftimeuntil theJapanesemilitarywouldappear.Duetoitssummerrainyseason,rainwateroverflowedintotheirtrenchesandwasfilleduptothe waist.Evenworse,foodstockpileswerelow andtheJapanesearmydidnotappearforlongertime.ShinHong-Gyun’sentireteam sufferedseverehungerandextremecold. Atthiscriticalmoment,Shin Hong-Gyun used hisexpertiseasa KMD tofind edibleblackmushroomsthatgrow wild in the mountainsandusethem tofeedhismen.ThiseventledtothevictoryoftheindependencearmyatthebattleofDaejeonjayeong. Thepurposeofthepaperistoinform andhighlighttheforgottenhistoryofShinHong-Gyunwhowas,both,aKoreanMedical Doctorandamilitarysurgeon.

활성탄과 제올라이트 13X 충진탑을 사용한 TSA 공정에서 조업조건이 벤젠의 흡착 및 탈착에 미치는 영향

정민영 ( Min-young Jung ),서성섭 ( Sung-sup Suh ) 한국공업화학회 2018 공업화학 Vol.29 No.5

본 연구는 VOC 제거 기술인 TSA 공정에서 제올라이트 13X와 활성탄이 채워진 두 종류의 탑을 사용하여 원료농도, 질소 유량, 수증기 유량, 탑 온도 등 조업조건의 영향을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 TSA 사이클은 흡착단계, 수증기 탈착단계, 건조 및 냉각단계로 구성되었다. 2% 벤젠 농도에서 제올라이트 13X와 활성탄의 사이클 당 전체 흡착량은 각각 4.44 g과 3.65 g으로 활성탄보다 충전밀도가 큰 제올라이트 13X가 더 많은 양의 벤젠을 흡착할 수 있었다. 수증기 탈착의 결과에서 수증기 유량을 증가시키고 탑의 외부 가열로 온도를 높이면 탈착시간이 짧아지고 배출되는 벤젠의 농도가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 2% 벤젠 농도에서 수증기 유량을 75 g/hr로 증가시키면 탈착시간이 1 hr에서 최대 33 min까지 단축되어 상대적으로 건조 및 냉각단계의 시간이 늘어나 수증기 제거와 탑 냉각을 충분히 진행할 수 있었다. 탑 온도를 높이면 탈착량이 증가하나 150 ℃ 이상에서는 에너지소비는 증가하는 반면 탈착량은 거의 일정했다. 연속 사이클 조업에서 재생단계 완료 시 잔존하게 되는 벤젠의 비율이 늘어나면 흡착제 working capacity 감소의 원인이 될 수 있다. 제올라이트 13X를 이용해 연속 사이클 공정실험을 수행한 결과 탑 내부에 잔존하는 벤젠의 비율이 4번째 사이클 이후 일정한 값으로 유지되었다. The effects of operating conditions such as benzene concentration, nitrogen flow rate, steam flow rate, and bed temperature on TSA process were experimentally investigated as a potential VOC removal technology using two kinds of beds packed with activated carbon and zeolite 13X. The TSA cycle studied was composed of the adsorption step, steam desorption step, and drying and cooling step. At 2% benzene concentration, the total adsorption amounts of zeolite 13X and activated carbon were 4.44 g and 3.65 g, respectively. Since the zeolite 13X has a larger packing density than that of the activated carbon, the larger benzene amount could be adsorbed in a single cycle. Increasing the water vapor flow rate to 75 g/hr at 2% benzene concentration reduced the desorption time from 1 hr to a maximum of 33 min. If the desorption time is shortened, the drying and cooling step period can be relatively increased. Accordingly, the steam removal and bed cooling could be sufficiently performed. The desorption amounts increased with the increase of the bed temperature. However, the energy consumption increased while the desorption amount was almost constant above 150 ℃. In the continuous cycle process, when the amount of remained benzene at the completion of the regeneration step increased, it might cause a decrease in the working capacity of the adsorbent. The continuous cycle process experiment for zeolite 13X showed that the amount of remained benzene at the end of regeneration step maintained a constant value after the fourth cycle.

Eucheuma spinosum으로부터 다양한 효모를 이용한 바이오에탄올 생산

김민지(Min-Ji Kim),김정수(Jung-Soo Kim),라채훈(Chae Hun Ra),김성구(Sung-Koo Kim) 한국생물공학회 2013 KSBB Journal Vol.28 No.5

Ethanol fermentations were performed using separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) processes with monosaccharides from pretreated seaweed, Eucheuma spinosum as the biomass. The pretreatment was carried out with 11% (w/v) seaweed slurry and 150 mM H₂SO₄ at 121℃ for 40 min. Enzyme hydrolysis after H₂SO₄ pretreatment was performed with Celluclast 1.5 L at 45℃ for 24 h. Five % active charcoal were added to hydrolysate to removed 5-hydroxy methylfurfural. Ethanol fermentation with 11% (w/v) seaweed hydrolysate was performed for 72~96 h using Kluyvermyces marxianus, Pichia stipits, Saccharomyces cervisiae and Candida tropicalis. Ethanol concentration was reached to 18 g/L by K. marxianus, 16 g/L by P. stipitis, 15 g/L by S. cerevisiae and 10 g/L by C. tropicalis, respectively. The ethanol yield from total monosugar was obtained 0.50 and ethanol productivity was obtained 0.38 g/L/h by K. marxianus.