Slide Session : OS-IFD-07 ; Infectious Disease : In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus

( Myung Jin Lee ),( Kye Hyung Kim ),( Jong Youn Yi ),( Su Jin Choi ),( Chung Jong Kim ),( Nak Hyun Kim ),( Kyoung Ho Song ),( Pyoeng Gyun Choi ),( Ji Hwan Bang ),( Wan Beom Park ),( Eu Suk Kim ),( San 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.1

In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Myung Jin LEE1, Kye-Hyung KIM1, Jongyoun YI2, SuJin CHOI1, Chung-Jong KIM1, Nak- Hyun KIM1, Kyoung-Ho SONG1, Pyoeng Gyun CHOI1, Ji-Hwan BANG1, Wan Beom PARK1, Eu Suk KIM1, Sang-Won PARK1, Hong Bin KIM1, Nam Joong KIM1, Myoung- Don OH1 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea1, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Korea2 Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel Bunyavirus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). No effective antiviral therapy is proven yet, but clinical use of ribavirin (RBV) has been tried. We investigated the antiviral effect of RBV against SFTSV in vitro. Methods: To test for cytotoxicity of RBV, Vero cells were treated with different concentrations of RBV (3.90 to 500 μg/mL, two-fold dilution) and analyzed by cell viability MTS assay 48h post-infection. To determine antiviral activity of RBV against SFTSV, Vero cells were infected with SFTSV strain Gangwon/Korea/2012 at 100 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose) per well in a 96-well plate, and RBV was added at the concentrations showing no or minimal cytotoxicity. Viral RNAs were extracted from the culture supernatants and quantifi ed using one-step real-time reverse transcription- PCR to amplify the partial large segment of SFTSV. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA with Tukey`s post hoc test. Results: Cytotoxicity due to RBV was not observed at RBV concentration =31.3 μg/ mL. Viral RNAs at 24h post-RBV treatment were reduced with increasing RBV concentrations (1-32 μg/mL), compared with those of mock-treated cells (P <0.01, Figure). Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of RBV was 3.69 μg/mL at 24h post-RBV treatment. Conclusions: Our study shows that RBV has antiviral effect against SFTSV in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are required to evaluate the effi cacy of RBV in SFTS.

작업관련 상지의 근골격계 질환 선별 및 감시를 위한 미국 NIOSH-style 설문지와 Nordic-style 설문지의 타당도 비교

최원준,성낙정,강영중,한상환 大韓産業醫學會 2008 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.20 No.3

목적: 작업관련 근골격계 질환의 선별검사에 사용되는 두 종류의 증상설문지(NIOSH 스타일 설문지,노르딕 스타일 설문지)의 결과를 신체검사 결과와 비교하여 타당도를 평가하고,활용방안에 대하여 검토하고자 수행되었다. 방법: 인천에 위치한 3개의 제조업 사업장 근로자 208명을 대상으로 NIOSH 스타일 설문지와 노르딕 스타일 설문지를 작성하도록 하고,신체검사를 시행하였다. 신체 검사 소견과 과거병력을 바탕으로 한 환례정의를 최적기준으로 하여 두 설문지의 민감도,특이도,양성예측도,음성예측도,일치도를 구하여 타당도를 조사하였다. 결과: NIOSH 스타일 설문지는 민감도 59.5%, 특이도 68.0%, 양성예측도 68.0%, 음성예측도는 59.5%로 조사되었다. 카파계수(Kappa coefficient)로 나타낸 일치도는 0.27(95% confidence interval 〔CI〕=0.14∼0.40)이었다. 노르딕 스타일 설문지는 민감도 73.9%, 특이도 68.0%,양성예측도 72.6%,음성예측도 69.5%로 조사되었다. 카파계수로 나타낸 일치도는 0.42(95% CI=O.30∼0.54)이었다. NIOSH 스타일 설문지와 노르딕 스타일 설문지의 일치도는 카파계수 0.43(95% CI= 0.31∼O.55)로 나타났다. 증상강도의 합계점수가 2점 이상인 경우를 기준으로 했을 때,노르딕 스타일 설문지의 민감도는 72.1%,특이도는 70.1%이었다. 결론: 두 설문지 모두 적절한 타당도를 가지고 있는 것으로 평가되었다. NIOSH 스타일 설문지는 증상의 빈도,지속기간,강도를 조사할 수 있고 이에 따라 다양한 양성기준을 설정할 수 있다. 노르딕 스타일 설문지는 민감도가 높은 편이고,증상의 강도를 설문항목에 포함시킬 경우 양성기준을 다양화하기 쉽다는 점과 문항이 간단하고 작성하기 쉽다는 점을 장점으로 들 수 있다. 조사 목적과 작업장의 특성에 따라 두 설문지를 적절하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Objectives: The study aimed to compare the validity of two questionnaires (NIOSH- and Nordic-style) which are used for the screening and surveillance of neck and upper extremity work-related musculoskeletal disorders. To evaluate the validity, clinical examination was used as the reference. Methods: Two types of questionnaire were filled out by 208 workers from three different plants in Incheon, Korea. Workers underwent clinical examination by three occupational physicians. The presence of a symptom or sign in at least one body region was regarded as positive in both results of questionnaire and case definition using clinical examination. Validity was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and agreement (Kappa coefficient). For the Nordic-style questionnaire, the sum of the symptom scores was used to yield the ROC curve. Results: The results of the NIOSH-style questionnaire were sensitivity 59.5%, specificity 68.0%, positive predictive value 68.0%, negative predictive value 59.5%, and Kappa coefficient 0.27(95% confidence interval [CI]=0.14∼0.40). The results of the Nordic-style questionnaire were sensitivity 73.9%, specificity 68.0%, positive predictive value 72.6%, negative predictive value 69.5%, and Kappa coefficient 0.42 (95% CI=0.30∼0.54). For the Nordic-style questionnaire, sensitivity was 72.1 % and specificity was 70.1 % based on the sum of the symptom scores≥2. Conclusions: Both questionnaires demonstrated appropriate validity for the screening and surveillance of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The selection of questionnaire may depend on the purpose of investigation and characteristics of the work place.

인지/감정 혼합광고평가에 대한 사전지식과 관여도의 조절적 역할

최낙환,김종호,황윤용 조선대학교 경영경제연구소 2002 經營經濟硏究 = Management and economics research Vol.25 No.1

AHP 접근법에 의한 마케팅 의사결정

崔洛煥,杜政玩 全北大學校 1997 論文集 Vol.43 No.-

It makes the rational decision making more critical that the complexity, importance of marketing decision and the radical change of marketing environment followed by technical innovation. Therefore, this study aim to review the Analytic Hierarchy Process which could help a marketing manager to come to a rational decision making, to study the analyzing procedure by the software of AHP for personal computer applied to the case of marketing decision which developed for this study. For the purpose, we premised the decision making as a consecutive three process; intelligence, design and choice. Analytic Hierarchy Process should be an useful tool for the third one. From the application of the case of marketing decision to AHP, it revealed that the analytical and systematic approach were essential. Expert Choice, which is a software of AHP for personal computer, compelled the decision maker to analyze the case in terms of at least three hierarchies; goal, objectives and alternatives. In short, AHP enable the decision maker to incorporate all the facts, and to compare of which through addition and subtraction so that he/she could lead to a reasonable decision or re-evaluate it for an advanced decision.

다래나무 및 노각나무 수액의 성분조성

최선영,나성택,김용환,김행자,성낙주 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2002 농업생명과학연구 Vol.36 No.2

본 실험에서는 다래나무 및 노각나무 수액을 천연 건강음료로 개발하기 위한 기초 자료를 얻고져 물리ㆍ화학적 성질과 유리당, 무기물 및 구성 아미노산 등을 분석하였다. 다래나무와 노각나무 수액의 pH, 비중, 당도, 수분, 회분 및 조단백질의 함량은 거의 비슷하였다. 유리당 함량은 fructose가 다래나무 수액에서 378.4㎎/100㎖, glucose는 노각나무 수액에서 125.4㎎/100㎖로 가장 높은 함량이었다. 무기물 조성은 망간과 알루미늄을 제외한 모든 무기물에서 노각나무 수액에 비해 다래나무 수액에서 함량이 높았으며 특히 칼슘은 다래나무 수액이 172.0㎎/ℓ, 노각나무 수액에서 13.7㎎/ℓ로 다래나무 수액이 노각나무 수액보다 약 13배나 높은 함량을 보였다. 다래나무 및 노각나무 수액은 분석된 총 17종의 구성 아미노산 중 다래나무 수액은 4종, 노각나무 수액에서는 6종이 검출되었는데, 다래나무 수액은 cystine, aspartic acid, serine 그리고 valine의 순으로 노각나무 수액에서는 cystine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, valine 및 phenylalanine 등의 순으로 함량이 높게 나타났다. Natural compounds such as free sugars, minerals and composition amino acids in Darae(Actinidia arguta) and Korean stewartia(Stewartia koreana) saps were analyzed to establish to the basic data of foods. Free sugars of the saps determined were fructose and glucose which were detected higher amounts as 378.4 and 125.4㎎/100㎖, respectively, but sucrose and maltose were not detected. Among 10 kinds of mineral detected in the saps, the content of calcium in Darae and aluminum in the Korean stewartia saps was the highest 172.0 and 56.1㎎/ℓ, respectively. The calcium content in Darae saps was 13 times higher than that of Korean stewartia saps. The Darae saps were composed of 4 kinds of amino acids such as cystine, aspartic acid, serine and valine, and then Korean stewartia saps 6 kinds of amino acids such as cystine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, valine and phenylalanine. It is concluded that saps of Darae and Korean stewartia contain a good variety of natural compounds such as free sugars, minerals and amino acids to serve as an excellent source of very natural and health promoting drinks.

노인낙상의 원인과 예방

정낙수,최규환 한국전문물리치료학회 2001 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.8 No.3

Falls are the most serious health problems in elderly population. They are a major cause of premature death, physical injury, immobility, psychosocial dysfunction, and nursing home placement. To reduce the alarming rate of falls and related excessive mortality and morbidity, efforts must be made to detect persons at risk of falling and to prevent or reduce the frequency of falls. To facilitate such approaches, it is essential to find the cause of falling (and under what conditions) of the elderly and the factors that are associated with risk of falling. This study was aimed at designing interventions that minimize risk of falling by ameliorating contributing factors while maintaining or improving patient's mobility.

상표의 질 평가에 있어서 제조국효과

金琮鎬,崔洛煥 조선대학교 경영경제연구소 1997 經營經濟硏究 = Management and economics research Vol.20 No.3

Difference of Motive and Coping Strategy between Anger and Sadness

Nak-Hwan CHOI 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.11 No.6

Purpose: Current study aimed at exploring the effects of ambient anger versus sadness on motive type and coping strategy type when consumers make decision. It focused on whether the negative affects of the anger and the sadness differentially induce approach versus avoidance motive at the place of making decision, and also explored the coping strategy differences between the consumers under the anger and those under the sadness, that is, which strategy is more used between problem-focused strategy and affect-focused strategy when they are under each negative affect. Research design, data and methodology: The experimental groups were divided into two types of group such as the anger-felt group and the sadness-felt group. The experiment was performed with the between-subjects design based on the anger and the sadness. Questionnaire data were collected from undergraduate students assigned to each of the anger group and the sadness group operated by the scenario method, and the data were used to verify research hypotheses by t-test. Results: – First, the anger induced the approach motive more rather than the avoidance motive in making decision. Second, to cope the negative affects, consumers under the anger used problem-focused strategy more than affect-focused strategy, while those under the sadness used affectfocused strategy more than problem-focused strategy. Therefore, this article contributes to the theory related to motive and making decision taken place to consumers under ambient negative emotions. Conclusions: Focusing on the results of this study, there could be managerial implications to brand or product marketing managers. Checking which affect consumers previously felt between anger and sadness when they are under negative affects is at issue to the brand or product marketers when they appeal their brand or product to the consumers. The marketers should build and communicate the messages about their product or brand in the respect of the points of showing problem solution or the best way to handle things to appeal the consumers under the anger. And they should develop and communicate the messages about their product or brand emphasizing the aspects of letting consumers‟ sad feelings out somehow or controlling their emotions to the consumers under sadness.

The Moderating Roles of Chinese Consumers’ Social System Confidence on the Effects of Achievement Values Reflected in a Brand and Its Advertising on Brand Attitudes

Nak-Hwan Choi,Chang Chen,Min-Ji Kim 한국무역연구원 2017 무역연구 Vol.13 No.3

As the market is playing an increasingly important role in the Chinese economy, we ask which value the Chinese people will support, what effect the endorsed value(i.e., achievement) will have on consumers’ social system confidence, and how brand symbolism can function in adapting to the social system as well as human values. Based on previous research on human values, system justification theory, and symbolic roles of brands, the current research aims to make those problems clear. It is assumed that achievement value and system confidence have an interaction effect on brand attitude. Thus consumers with higher system confidence are supposed to positively evaluate a brand if the brand as well as its advertising reflect the achievement value. Two experiments were conducted to verify these hypotheses. Study 1 points out the positive relationship between the achievement value and the system confidence. Study 2 further proves the moderation role of the system confidence in the process of the value reflected both in brand and in brand advertising affecting brand attitude. Finally, implications for theory and management, limitations and future directions are discussed.

The Effects of Types of Envy and Self Construal Level on Indulgence

Nak-Hwan Choi 한국유통과학회 2018 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.9 No.5

Purpose - When indulging in hedonic items is construed as wasteful and evokes anticipated regret or guilt, consumers are more likely to seek reasons to justify their indulgence. Justification requirement for spending on indulgences over necessities could lead to the places of their finding the ways that mitigate the anticipated regret and guilt. However the previous research focusing on consumers’ own great effort leading to positive outcomes has not given much attention to other’s outcomes induced from his or her little or no efforts, by which consumers could feel envy. The guilt associated with consumers’ indulgence could vary according to envy type felt according to their evaluation about other’s outcomes and their self construal level. Current research explored the envy type’s effects on consumers’ spending on hedonic products, and moderation effects of self construal level on the envy type’s effects. Research design, data, and methodology – 2(envy type: benign versus malicious) × 2(self construal level: high versus low) between-subjects design was employed. Data for empirical analysis were from 173 undergraduate participants. ANOVA was used to verify hypotheses. Results – The tendency of choosing utilitarian product versus hedonic product was moderated by the envy type. The participants who felt benign envy were more likely to choose utilitarian product versus hedonic product than those who felt malicious envy were. And the tendency of benign envy-felt participants’ choosing hedonic versus utilitarian product was more weakened to those with lower-level self construal than to those with higher-level self construal. However the tendency of malicious envy-felt participants’ choosing hedonic versus utilitarian product was not moderated by the self construal level. Conclusions – This research could advance the theory related to indulgent hedonic consumption by exploring the effects of self construal level and envy type on hedonic indulgence. In view of the results from current study, marketers should make efforts of communicating and selling utilitarian products to persuade consumers with lower-level construal when they feel benign envy to others. And they should conduct marketing acts for hedonic products to persuade consumers when they feel malicious envy to others.