무선 애드 혹 기반 액티브네트워크상에서 QoS지원에 관한 연구

李基源,裵振勝,丁燦赫,金玄郁,李光培,姜景仁,朴京培,文泰洙,郭承郁,河載承 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2003 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.22 No.-

Abstract - In this thesis, we propose a QoS supporting method on wireless ad hoc-based active network for improving reliability. On the loss of route path, the existing DSR routing protocol has several problems with wireless network communication because of decease of data reception rate and increase of network load. The proposed method improves reliability of data transfer by using functions of active network. That is, by using functions of active nodes and active packets, the proposed method supports QoS with reservation transfer method that saves data packets on transfer at intermediate nodes with lost path and then re-transmit the packets after route reconfiguration.

당뇨병과 동반된 화농성 간농양의 임상상 및 예후인자

오은숙,강무일,이원영,오기원,임동준,이소영,이정민,고승현,김성래,안유배,손현식,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구 대한당뇨병학회 2000 임상당뇨병 Vol.1 No.1

연구배경: 감염질환은 혈관질환과 함께 당뇨병의 중요한 사망원인의 하나이며, 혈당조절이 불량할수록 감염 빈도가 증가됨은 잘 알려져 있다. 간농양의 발생이 있어서도 당뇨병은 중요한 기저질환 중의 하나이다. 일반적으로 간농양의 가장 흔한 원인균은 Escherichi coli라고 알려져 있으나, 최근 당뇨병을 가진 간농양 환자에서 Klesiella pneumoniae의 검출이 증가되고 있다. 또 최근 연구에 의하면 K.pneumonie가 간농양의 가장 흔한 원인균이며, K. pneumoniae에 의한 간농양은 K.pneumoniae 이외의 균주에 의한 간농양보다 당뇨병과 밀접히 관련되어 있다고 보고된 바 있다. 이에 저자들은 간농양 환자를 대상으로 당뇨병환자의 빈도를 알아보고, 그 원인균 및 특징을 비당뇨병 환자들의 경우와 비교해 보고자 하였다. 방법: 1992년 1월부터 1999년 6월까지 방사선학적 검사 혹은 수술에 의해 간농양이 확인되거나, 경피적 천자나 수술을 통한 배농액 배양, 혹은 혈액 검사에서 원인균이 증명된 182명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 임상고찰을 실시하였다. 결과: 화농성 농양을 가진 167명의 환자(남:94명, 여:73명)중 당뇨병을 가진 환자는 54명 (남:30명, 여:24명)으로 32.3%를 차지하였다. 환자의 평균나이는 당뇨군에서 62.1 ± 13.4세, 비당뇨군에서는 55.1 ±15.5세로 당뇨군에서 높았으며(p=0.0021), 남녀간의 평균나이 비교 시 두 군 모두 여성의 나이가 의미있게 높았다. 비당뇨군에 비하여 당뇨군의 경우 저알부민혈증의 빈도와 aspartate transaminase가 증가되어있었다. 원인균주는 K. pneumoniae (당뇨군54%, 비당뇨군 39.1%), E. coli(당뇨군 17.5%, 비당뇨군 18.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus viridans, Enterococcus 순이었으며 두 군간의 의미는 차이는 없었으나 K. pneumoniae의 경우 다른 균종에 비해 단독감염의 빈도가 높았다(82.8%). 사망률은 당뇨군에서 16.7%, 비당뇨군에서 7.1%로 당뇨군에서 의미있게 높았으며(p=0.019), 당뇨군에서의 사망환자는 모두 패혈증이 동반되어 있었다. 당뇨환자의 사망군은 생존군에 비해 당뇨병 이환기간이 길고 혼합감염의 빈도가 높았다(p=0.046). 검사실 소견에서는 총 빌리루빈 및 알카리성 포스파타제의 증가가 관찰되어 있었다. 결론: E. coli가 간농양의 주된 원인균이라는 기존 보고와는 달리 당뇨군과 비당뇨군 모두 K. pneumoniae가 간농양의 주된 원인균이었다. 또한 당뇨 유병기간이 길고 당뇨조절이 불량한 환자에서 혼합감염이며 총 빌리루빈 및 알카리성 포스파타제의 증가등과 같은 위험인자가 존재할 경우 사망률이 증가될 수 있으므로 이들 군에서는 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Background: Liver abscesses are commonly associated with underlying disease, particularly diabete mellitus. The number of the liver abscesses caused by Klebslella pneumoniae in diabetic patient has been increased in Korea nowadays. This study was conducted to clarify the clinical presentation and prognostic factors of pyogenic liver abscesses, especially in diabetic patients and to determine the proportion of K. pneunomiae as a pathogen in liver abscess in Korea. Methods: Medical records of 167 patients treated for pyogenic liver abscess from January, 1992 through June, 1999 were reviewed retrospectively in detail. Major Pathogenic organism, clinical manifestations, prognostic factors, the importance of diabetes mellilus as an underlying disease and its effect on clinical features and prognosis were analyzed. Results: Among 167 cases of pyogenic liver abscess, underlying diabetes mellitus was present in 32.3%. The mean age of patients was 62.7 13.4 years in diabetic liver abscess group and 55.1 15.5 years in non-diabetic liver abscess group. Most liver abscesses were cryptogenic in origin or secondary to the billary tree diseases. The clinical presentations among the two groups were not significantly different. When compared to patients without diabetes, patients with diabetes had significantly higher proportions of hypoalbuminemia and elevated aspartate transaminase level. The most common organism of the pyogenic abscess was K. pneumoniae in both groups. Percutaneous drainage of the abscess with appropriate antibiotics was the most commonly used therapeutic modality in liver abscess. The mortality rate of diabetic liver abscess is 16.1 % and 7.1% in nondiabetic liver abscess. Complications, especially septicemla, were found more frequently in patients with diabetes than in patients without diabetes (64.8% vs 28.3%, septicemia : 31.5% vs 9.7%). The factors influencing mortality in the diabetic liver abscess were disease duration, mixed infection, presence of septicemia, elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Conclusions: In contrast to prior report that the E. coli was the most common pathogen in liver abscess, we found that K. pneumoniae was the most common organism cultured in liver abscess. Diabetic patients have more complications and higher mortality than patients without diabetes. Early detection and proper treatment are needed to improve the outcome for diabetic patient with liver abscess.

고집적 기억 소자를 위한 초박막 ONO 구조의 특성에 관한 연구

이성배,서광열 광운대학교 신기술연구소 1997 신기술연구소논문집 Vol.26 No.-

본 논문에서 저전압 비휘발성 반도체 기억소자(NVSM)를 위한 scaled ONO(oxide-nitride-oxide)구조의 박막조성과 특성을 조사하였다. 이를 위해 터널링 산화막 20Å질화막 46Å블로킹 산화막 40Å 초박막 ONO 구조의 커패시터형 scaled MONOS 기억소자를 제작하였다. 제작된 ONO 유전막의 조성과 결합 상태는 Auger 분석으로 조사하였으며, 이로부터 scaled ONO 구조에서 블로킹 산화막 성장시 상당량의 O가 질화막 내로 확산하여 질화막이 oxynitride와 같은 특성을 갖게됨을 알 수 있었다. C-V 방법을 이용하여 스위칭 특성을 조사한 결과 6V, 20msec. 의 프로그래밍 조건에서 소자를 소거 상태에서 기록 상태로 스위칭할 수 있었으며, scale-down에도 불구하고 △V_FB,max=4.56V의 최대 평탄밴드 전압 이동량을 얻었다. scaled ONO 구조에서 블로킹 산화막-질화막 계면 트랩의 기억특성에 대한 기여는 90% 이상이었다. 최적 일치 방법으로 구한 질화막 벌크트랩과 블로킹 산화막-질화막 계면 트랩의 밀도는 각각 N_T=7.4×10^l8cm^-3, N_ON=2.3×10^13cm^-2이었다. This paper examines the composition and characteristics of scaled ONO superthin film for future low voltage NVSM applications. Capacitor type MONOS devices with superthin film of 20Åunneling oxide, 46Åitride and 40Ålocking oxide were fabricated. The condition and composition of each layer in ONO dielectrics have been analyzed by Auger depth profile. It is shown in the scaled ONO structure that oxygen is diffused through the thin nitride and oxidized the nitride bulk to form an oxynitride-like layer. High frequency C-V method have been utilized to investigate the switching characteristics. The device can be switched from erased state to a written state by applying a programming voltage of 6V for a programming time of 20msec.In spite of scaling down, the maximum flatband voltage, △V_FB,max=4.56V has been obtained. The scaled nitride layer and nitride-blocking oxide interface permits the storage of charge resulting in adjustable threshold voltages. The contribution of a blocking oxide-nitride interface traps to the memory characteristics is over 90% in a scaled ONO structures. The concentration of nitride bulk traps, N_T=7.4×10^18cm^-3 and blocking oxide-nitride interface traps, N_ON=2.3 ×10^13cm^-2 were determined using the best fitting method.

원발성 유방암에서 p53 단백발현과 예후와의 상관성에 관한 연구

이학승,이광만,채권묵,문형배 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1995 圓光醫科學 Vol.11 No.1

p53 is a nuclear phosphoprotein which is normally expressed at very low level in all mammalian cells and plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation. It has also been suggested that normal p53(wild type) serves as a tumor suppressor gene, and inhibits the oncogene-mediated cellular transformation and the rate of cellular proliferation. But, wild type p53 is hardly stained by immunohistochemistry because of its low intracellular concentration and very short half-life. Mutant form of p53 protein is detectable in various human malignancies e.g. colon, stomach, lung and breast cancer by immunohistochemical stain because of its prolonged half-life. In breast cancer, p53 protein expression has been regarded as an unfavorable prognostic factor, but the results of studies about the relationship between the p53 protein expression and prognosis are equivocal. So, author performed this study to evaluate the prognostic significance of p53 expression in 54 patients with primary breast cancer who underwent surgical treatment at Wonkwang University Hospital from October 1985 to September 1991. Follow-up period was 24-91 months (mean: 54.7months). p53 protein was stained by immunohistochemical methods in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using monoclonal antibody(DAKO-p53, DO-7). The prognostic significance of p53 protein was evaluated by positivity and 5-year survival rate, and comparing with well-known prognostic factors of breast cancer. p53 protein was expressed 48.1%(26/54) of primary breast cancers. 5-year survival rate of patients with p53 protein expression was 42.0%, and that of patients without p53 protein expression was 76.4%(p = 0.0277) There was no relationship between p53 protein expression and tumor size, lymph node metastasis, histologic grade or vascular invasion. These results suggest that p53 protein expression is another independent prognostic factor in primary breast cancer.

습윤이 투습방습 코팅된 나일론직물의 역학적 특성에 미치는 영향

이광배,김경희 崇實大學校 生産技術硏究所 1995 論文集 Vol.25 No.1

The effect of moisture and the thickness on the wear-ability of nylon taffeta fabric, which is coated with the polyurethane and the polyamino acid resins separately, were studied. The coated specimens were wetted at the pick-up ratio 25% in both cases. The change of the mechanical properties, such as the tensile, the bending, the shear, the compressional properties, and the surface characteristics were compared on these two fabrics. The analysis of the experimental data indicates the following conclusions. (1) The wetting of the fabric increased the tensile, the bending, the shear, and the surface characteristics, however, reduced the compressional properties. (2) The increase of the thickness of these coating materials shows the opposite phenomena.

슈에이 엔도 건축에 나타나는 프랙탈 기하학의 형태생성 알고리즘에 관한 연구

이성구,김광배 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.6

Even until recently, the only tool for designers to express their architectural forms has been Euclid geometry. However, new attempts have been made by contemporary designers to interpret the phenomenological complexity of the modern world and environment, and they realized that Euclid geometry is limited in representing full extent of their interpretation, and the need of a nonlinear approach as the presentation method to represent the intricacy is inevitable. The fractal theory, as an expressed form of chaos, now influences arts, music, economics, and other areas, let alone the science and mathematics. And this theory is being applied by some contemporary architects to generate the architectural forms. Fractal geometry is composed of self-similarity, randomness, irregularity, and unpredictability, and the character of its form composition can be described as scaling and skew, overlapping, repetition and gradation, and so on. They are diversely applied to modern architectural works and concepts. Especially, they appear in the Shuhei Endo's works. The purpose of this study is to understand the form-generating algorithm of the fractal geometry as a rule of nature and to find the value and diverse application methods in Shuhei Endo's works.

무기수은 투여에 의한 백서체내의 수은축적에 대한 연구

이정택,송근배,조광헌 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1993 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.10 No.2

44마리의 Sprague-Dawley계 자성백서를 제1대군 12마리, 제2대군 12마리 및 제3대군 20마리로 나누고 다시 각각의 대군을 실험 2주, 4주 및 6주의 소군으로 나누어 제1대군은 대조군으로 일반 식수를 투여하고 제2대군은 체중 100gm당 0.945mg의 염화수은을, 제3대군은 체중 100gm당 3.780mg의 염화수은을 최종 6주까지 위장관내 투여법으로 매일 투여한 후 각 실험당일 백서의 털, 전혈, 신장 및 간을 채취하여 이를 각각 산분해용기에서 분해시켜 원자흡광광도계를 본체로 한 atomic vapour accessory를 이용하여 각 조직 장기에 축적되는 수은의 양을 정량하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 제2 및 제3대군의 백서 털내의 수은함량은 대조군에 비해 2-4배 정도 높았다. 대조군 혈장내 수은 함량은 평균 0.09ppm(최저치 0.01ppm, 최고치 0.25ppm), 제2대군에서는 0.34ppm(최저치 0.09ppm, 최고치 0.61ppm) 및 제3대군에서는 0.76ppm(최저치 0.48ppm,최고치 1.06ppm)이었다. 신장은 체내 주요 장기중 수은의 주요 축적장기로 대조군의 평균 수은 함량은 0.16ppm(최저치 0.09ppm, 최고치 0.26ppm),제2대군에서는 60.98ppm(최저치 32.18ppm, 최고치 96.45ppm) 및 제3대군에서는 평균 102.45ppm(최저치 73.89ppm, 최고치 142.09ppm)이었다. 간내에 축적된 수은의 농도는 대조군, 제2대군 및 제3대군은 각각 0.06ppm, 2.46ppm, 3.46ppm으로 나타났다. 투여되는 수은량의 증가에 따라 각 신체 장기중에 축적되는 수은양의 상관관계를 알아본 결과 신장과 간에 축적되는 수은의 양 사이에는 상관계수가 r=0.8348로 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었다. The toxicity and accumulation of mercury compounds in dentistry has been an issue of interesting concern. Relatively few data were available concerning the relation between toxicity and accumulation of inorganic mercury in vivo. The purpose of the study was to investigate the accumulation of mercury in rat tissues following exposure to different volumes of mercurous chloride. For this study, 44 Sprague-Dawley strain rats were divided into three large groups. The rats of Group I were supplied with a drinking water ad libitum, Grouop Ⅱ were fed 0.945mgHgCl_2 per 100gm of body weight and 3.780mg HgCl_2 per 100gm of body weight in Group Ⅲ. The rats were fed the mercurous chloride as solution type everyday via gastric lavage method for 2,4 and 6 weeks. The author collected the samples of hair, whole blood, kidney and liver and melted them in acid digestion bomb on the 2nd, 4th and 6th experimental week. The total mercury contents of hair, blood, kidney and liver were determined by Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results obtained were as follows: The hair mercury contents of Group Ⅱ & Ⅲ were 2-4 times higher than that of the control . The mean mercury levels of whole blood were 0.09ppm(range 0.01-0.25) in control group, 0.34ppm(range 0.09-0.61) in Group Ⅱ and 0.76ppm (range 0.48-1.06) in Group Ⅲ during 6 weeks. The kidney was the main reservoir of mercury in body. The mean mercury levels of kidney were 0.16ppm(range 0.09-0.26) in control group, 60.98ppm(range 32.18-96.45) in Group Ⅱ and 102.45ppm(rang 73.89-142.09) in Group Ⅲ. There was significant difference of mercury content in kidney between groups(p<0.05). The mean mercury levels of liver throughout 6 weeks were 0.06, 2.46 and 3.46ppm in GroupⅠ, GroupⅡ and GroupⅢ, respectively. In control group, hair mercury content was the highest and kidney, whole blood, liver in descending order, but in GroupⅡ and Ⅲ, kidney mercury content was the highest and liver, hair, whole blood in descending order(p<0.05). There was significant correlationship between kidney mercury content and liver mercury content(r=0.8348, p<0.05), but there was no correlationship among the other samples.

STS 304 강의 크리프 및 고온 저사이클피로균열전파 거동에 미치는 응력크기 및 응력파형의 영향

이치우,허정원,김광영,조용배 경남대학교 신소재연구소 1994 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

본 연구는 고온용 구조물 재료로 널리 사용되고 있는 STS304강을 650℃ 고온에서 공칭응력 σ_(n)=130 MPa와 σ_(n)=150MPa으로 실험하여 균열 전파거동에 미치는 응력 크기의 영향과 고온 저사이클 균열 전파 실험은 하중제어 하에서 대칭 삼각파형 fast-fast, 비대칭 삼각파형 fast-slow와 slow-fast 등으로 실험을 실시하여, 파형효과 중 반복속도 및 속도 비대칭 거동에 미치는 효과를 조사하였고, 모든 시험편에서 파단면의 형상을 조사하여 변형률 파형효과 및 응력파형효과에 따른 손상기구를 해석하고, 피로수명과 균열 전파속도의 결과를 비교 및 고찰하였다. 크리이프 균열전파 실험에서, 최대 응력강도 계수 K_(max)는 응력 크기 (σ_(n)=130MPa, σ_(n)=150MPa)에 관계없이 균열전파속도를 평가할 수 잇는 파라미터임을 보였다. 저사이클 고온피로 균열전파 실험에서, 반복속도가 빠른 fast-fast 파형에 비하여 반복속도가 느린 fast-slow와 slow-fast 파형의 경우에 균열전파속도는 현저하게 가속되며 또한, fast-slow 및 slow-fast 파형에서, 균열전파속도는 slow-fast 파형 경우가 fast-slow 파형보다 훨씬 빠르게 나타났으며, 이는 제하(negative loading)쪽보다 부하쪽(positive loading)의 하중속도가 느린 파형이 크리프 영향을 더 크게 받음을 의미한다. 그리고 파단면의 형상은 fast-fast 파형의 경우는 입내파괴를 보이고 fast-slow 파형의 경우는 입내파괴와 입계파괴가 혼재하며, slow-fast 파형의 경우는 입계파괴를 보였다. 입계파괴의 형상은 fast-slow 파형의 경우는 r형이며, slow-fast 파형의 경우는 w형이었다. The effects of stress amplitudes in creep and wave shape in fatigue on crack growth behavior of STS304 stainless steel have been investigated. Two kinds of stress amplitudes were considered in creep crack growth test : they were nominal stresses of σ_{n}=130MPa and an=150MPa Three types of wave shapes were considered in fatigue crack growth test : they were fast-fast, fast-slow and slow-fast(fast : 0.5sec, slow 500sec). The maximum stress intensity factor K_{max}, was a parameter able to evaluate crack growth behavior regardless of stress amplitude in creep crack growth test. The crack growth rates of wave shapes having long loading time were accelerated better than that of wave shape having short loading time, that is, the case of fast-slow and slow-fast were faster than that of fast-fast. The acceleration of the crack growth rate was affected much better by positive loading than negative loading, that is, the case of slow-fast was faster than that of fast-slow. Fractography of fractured surfaces correlated with the result of the crack growth behavior test.

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis 73E10-2가 생산하는 σ-endotoxin 내의 bemolysin 精製

李光培,殷鍾克 대구보건대학 1992 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

In general Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp. darmstadiensis 73E10-2 produces σ-endotoxin which is mosquitocidal toxin during sporulation. In recent rescarch, σ-endotoxin from the strain darmsladiensis 73E10-2 has a cytoltic and hemolytic protein fragment when σ-endotoxin is solubilized in alkaline solution. It is important that the extra- cellular hemolysin from the strain darmstadiensis 73E10-2 was purified and its properties were investigated, before study on the relationship between hemolysin fragment from σ-endotoxin in alkaline solution and extra-cellular hemolysin. The hemolysin in σ-endotoxin from B. thuringiensis subsp. dramstadiensis 73E10-2 was purified by Sephadex G-100 gel filtratio and DEAE-cellulose column chromato graphy. The purity of hemolysin was confirmed by Ouchterlony test and SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of the pruified hemolysin was approximately 64KDa by SDS-PAGE. The purified hemolysin against larva of Ades agypti but hemolytic activity on red blood cells of rat. There is no relationship between σ-endotoxin from B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and the purified hemolysin immunologically.

한국 어린이와 성인의 표준잇솔규격개발에 관한 연구

이원재,이병진,배광학,김영수,노정,문혁수,백대일,김종배 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

Purpose of this study was to obtain basic anatomical data for developing optimal toothbrush which is appropriate for Koreans Dental study models were examined by measuring the length from labial midline of deciduous canine to distal surface of deciduous second molar, from labial midline of permanent canine to distal surface of second premolar, from mesial surface permanent first molar to distal surface of permanent second molar, cervico-incisal length of deciduous central incisor, cervico-incisal length of permanent central incisor, from mesiobuccal cusp of deciduous maxillary second molar to mesiolingual cusp of deciduous maxillary second molar, from mesiobuccal cusp of permanent maxillary first molar to mesiolingual cusp of permanent maxillary first molar, from distolinual cusp of deciduous mandibular second molar to mesiolingual cusp of deciduous mandibular second molar, from mesiobuccal cusp of permanent mandibular first molar to mesiolingual cusp of permanent mandiblar second molar in 241 subjects. And the width of right hand was examined on each subjects by measuring the length of landmarks which were selected in handwrist X-ray film. Commercial toothbrushes sold in Korea were collected and the head length, head width, bristle length and handle length of toothbrushes were measured. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The head length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 6 to 8 was less than 21.8 mm. The head width length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 6 to 8 was less than 8.4 mm. The bristle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 6 to 8 was more than 5.7 mm. The handle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 6 to 8 was more than 84.3 mm. 2. The head length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 9 to 11 was less than 20.4 mm. The head width length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 9 to 11 was less than 8.4 mm. The bristle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 9 to 11 was more than 9.3 mm. The handle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 9 to 11 was more than 95.2 mm. 3. The head length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged over 12 was less than 25.5 mm. The head width length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged over 12 was less than 8.6 mm. The bristle length of toothbrush which wee appropriate for Koreans aged over 12 was more than 9.6 mm. The handle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged over 12 was more than 101.1 mm. 4. Some toothbrush for children was not appropriate because of its big size, and toothbrush sells in Korea must be diversified for appropriate selection.