한국인 남성 알코올 의존 환자에서 제2알데히드 탈수소 효소 유전자형과 도파민 D2 수용체 A1 대립유전자의 빈도에 관한 비교 연구

김신태(Shin-Tae Kim),정혜경(Hae-Gyung Chung),백용수(Yong-Sue Paik),이경아(Kyung-A Lee),윤갑준(Kab-Jun Yun),장동원(Dong-Won Chang),손봉기(Bong-Ki Son) 한국중독정신의학회 1999 중독정신의학 Vol.3 No.2

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association polymorphic patterns of DRD2 and ALDH2 gene with alcohol dependence. The patient group consisted of 47 male patients with alcohol dependence and the control group consisted of 20 healthy male volunteers without alcohol dependence. Polymorphic patterns of ALDH2 gene and DRD2 gene were determined by PCR method. And then we compared allele frequencies of two loci between patient and control groups. The results were as follows:1) The frequencies of ALDH2*1/1 in patient group were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls. The frequencies of mutant ALDH2 (ALDH2* 1/2 and ALDH2*2/2) were significantly lower in patient group than those in healthy controls. 2) There was no significant difference in A1A1 A1A2 A2A2 genotype frequencies in DRD2 gene between patient group and healthy controls. 3) In patient group with A1 allele, frequencies of ALDH2*1/1, ALDH2*1/2, ALDH2*2/2 were 61.7%, 3%, 0%, respectively. In patient group without A1 allele, frequencies of ALDH genotypes were 29%, 2%, 0%, respectively. In conclusion, mutant ALDH2 genotype seems to have influence on the occurrence of alcohol dependence. The interaction of DRD2 A1 alleles and ALDH2 alleles should be studied to find some effect on pathogenesis of alcohol dependence.

The Action of Triterpenoidal Glycosides of Dammarane Series and Their Aglycones on $K^{+}$ and $H^{-}$ Fluxes in Erythrocytes, Induced by lonophore $A_{23187}$ and Divalent ions

Kim, Yu.A.,Park, Kyeong-Mee,Kyung, Jong-Su,Hyun, Hak-Chul,Song, Yong-Bum,Shin, Han-Jae,Park, Hwa-Jin The Korean Society of Ginseng 1996 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.20 No.2

Ginsenoside Rb,, at a concentration of 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and over, initiated the cycle of oscillation of ion flux in erythrocytes after the cells had been treated with a protonophore, carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl hydrazone (FCCP) and then with a $Ca^{2+}$ ionophore, A23,3,. Its action was similar to the additional portion of $Ca^{2+}$-ionophore or $Ca^{2+}$ ion to the erythrocytes. Effects of $Rg_1$ and Rf were different from that of Rb,. They did not induce the oscillation. They, however, increased the extracellular $K^{+}$ concentration and pH without returning to the initial state in the erythrocytes processed with FCCP and $A_{23187}$. We established that ginsenosides from 20-(5)-panaxatriol family induced the membrane hyperpolarization in erythrocytes, which was attenuated by the pretreatment of $Rb_1$, a major component of 20-(5)-panaxadiol.

Synthesis of Novel Apio Carbocyclic Nucleoside Analogues as Selective A_(3) Adenosine Receptor Agonists

Hwang, Ki-Jun,Chun, Moon-Woo,Jacobson, Kenneth A.,Jeong, Lak-Shin,Lee, Jeong-A,Moon, Hyung-Ryong,Kim, Hea-Ok,Kim, Kyung-Ran,Lee, Kang-Man,Kim, Bum-Tae 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2005 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.16

On the basis of the biological activity of neplanocin A and apio-dideoxyadenosine (apio-ddA), novel apio-neplanocin A analogues 5a- d, combining the properties of two nucleosides, were stereoselectively synthesized. The apio moiety of the target nucleosides 5a-d was stereoselectively introduced by treating· lactol 10 with 37% formaldehyde in the presence of potassium carbonate. The carbasugar moiety of neplanocin A was successively built by exposing diene 12 on a Grubbs catalyst in methylene chloride. The final nucleosides 5a-d were synthesized from the condensation of the glycosyl donor 14 with nucleic bases under the standard Mitsunobu conditions. Similarly, apio-aristeromycin 6 and (N)-apio-methanocarbaadenosine 7 were derived from the common intermediate 13 using catalytic hydrogenation and Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation as key steps. All of the final nucleosides 5a-4, 6, and 7 did not show significant inhibitory activity against S-adenosylllolllocysteine hydrolase (SAH) up to 100 ㎛, maybe due to the absence of the secondary hydroxyl group at tile C3'-position, which should be oxidized by cofactor-bound NAD^(+). However, aplo-neplanocin A (5a) showed potent and highly selective binding affinity (K_(i), = 628 ± 69 nM) at the A_(3) adenosine receptor without any binding affinity at the A_(1) and A_(2A) adenosine receptors. In conclusion, we have first developed novel carbocyclic nucleosides with unnatural apio-carbasugarsusing stereoselective hydroxymethylation and RCM reaction and also discovered a new template of human A_(3) adenosine receptor agonist, which play a great rote in developing new A_(3) adenosine receptor agonist as well as in identifying the binding site of the receptor.

Clostridium difficile에 의한 설사의 예후인자

김준형,김희정,구남수,김영근,최준용,신소연,박윤선,김연아,김명수,정수진,최희경,송영구,이경원,김준명 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.2

배경 : Clostridium difficile에 의한 설사(Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea; CDAD)는 임상 경과가 다양하다. 최근에 유럽과 북미에서 C. difficile 감염의 발생률이 증가하고 고전적 치료에 잘 반응하지 않으며 이환률이 증가하였고, 이러한 원인이 새로운 균주의 탄생에 기인한다고 보고되었다. CDAD의 예후에 영향을 미치는 세균성 요인과 숙주 요인을 확인하기 위해 본 연구를 진행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2002년 8월부터 2003년 12월까지 CDAD가 진단된 20세 이상인 환자들을 대상으로 후향적 Cohort 연구를 하였다. 세균성 요인을 확인하기 위해 cdt A, cdtB, tcd A, tcd A rep 그리고 tcd B 유전자(binary toxin)를 확인하였다. 설사가 치료 시작 후 11일 이상 지속되거나, 2달 이내에 재발하거나, 수술 혹은 다른 시술이 필요한 경우, 사망한 경우 예후가 좋지 않은 것으로 정의하였다. 결과 : 총 115예에서 toxin을 생성하는 C. difficile가 동정되었으며, Toxin A와 toxin B 모두 양성인 균이 91예, toxin B만 양성인 균이 24예였다. Toxin A 생성 여부가 예후에 영향을 미치지 않았지만, 제산제를 사용한 환자에서 그렇지 않은 환자에 비해 toxin B만 양성인 균이 많이 동정되었다(P<0.05). 예후가 좋지 않은 경우는 39예(33.9%)였고 76예(66.1%)에서 예후는 양호하였다. 단변량 분석에서 70세 이상의 고령, 남성, 증상 발현 후 사용한 항생제의 개수 사용, 증상 발현 후 carbapenem, aminoglycoside, glycopeptide 사용, 당뇨 및 뇌졸중 병력이 있는 경우, 그리고 높은 Charlson index가 불량한 예후 인자로 확인되었다. 그러나 독립적인 예후 인자를 조사했을 때에는70세 이상의 고령(odds ratio=3.378, P=0.009), 증상 발현후 carbapenem 사용(odds ratio 7.210, P<0.001)이 예후에 중요한 영향을 미치는 요소로 확인되었다. 결론 : 70세 이상의 고령과 증상 발현 후 carbapenem 사용이 CDAD 독립적인 불량한 예후인자이다. Background : Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has a wide range of clinical manifestations. The prognostic factors of CDAD are not fully understood. Materialsand Methods : A retrospective cohort study of 115 patients with CDAD from Aug. 2002 to Dec. 2003 was conducted to evaluate prognostic factors of CDAD. Bacteriologic factors were determined by detecting the binary toxin gene, tcd A, tcd A rep and tcd B gene. Poor prognosis was defined as diarrhea more than 10 days even with classic treatment, recurrence, death, and moribund discharge. Results : Approximately 79% of isolated strains were toxin A+/B+ strains and 21% were toxin A-/B+ strains. There was no difference in prognosis between toxin A+ and toxin A- strains. 39 (33.9%) cases showed poor prognosis and 76 (66.1%) cases showed good prognosis. Univariate analyses revealed that the poor prognostic factors were old age over 70 years old, male, the number of antibiotics used after onset of symptom, the administration of carbapenems, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides after onset of symptom, history of DM and stroke, and high Charlson comorbidity index. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified old age over 70 years old (odds ratio=3.378, P=0.009) and the administration of carbapenems after onset of symptom (odds ratio 7.210, P<0.001) as the independent poor prognostic factors. Conclusion : Old age over 70 and the administration of carbapenems after onset of symptom were the poor prognostic factors for CDAD caused by none-binary toxin producing strains.

Molecular Characterization and Prevalence of 16S Ribosomal RNA Methylase Producing Bacteria in Amikacin Resistant Gram-negative Bacilli Isolated from Clinical Specimens

Kyung-A Shin,Seock Yeon Hwang,Seung Bok Hong 대한의생명과학회 2012 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.18 No.3

Recently, the prevalence of 16S rRNA methylase conferring high-level resistance to aminoglycosides has been increasing in Gram-negative bacilli globally. We determined the prevalence and genotype of these methylase-producing bacteria, and characterized the co-resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and quinolone in Gram-negative clinical isolates collected in 2010 at a hospital in Korea. Among 65 amikacin-resistant isolates screened from 864 Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), 16S rRNA methylase genes were detected from 49 isolates, including Acinetobacter baumannii (43), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2), Proteus mirabilis (2) and Serratia marcescens (1), Empedobacter brevis (1). All of the 16S rRNA methylase genotype was armA and no variant sequences of amplified PCR products for armA were noted. The 16S rRNA methylase producing bacteria showed much higher resistance to aminoglycoside for Enterobacteriaceae and glucose non-fermenting (NF)-GNB and to imipenem for glucose NF-GNB, than the non-producing isolates. All of the 16S rRNA methylase producing Enterobacteriaceae had the extended-spectrum-β-lactamase. In addition, two K. pneumoniae concurrently produced both plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase and qnrB gene. All of the amikacinresistant A. baumannii (43) co-harbored armA 16S rRNA methylase and blaOXA-23 carbapenemase. In conclusion, 16S rRNA methylase producing bacteria were very prevalent among GNB in South Korea, and were commonly associated with co-resistance, including carbapenem and quinolone.

MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF AVIAN POXVIRUS IN THE ORIENTAL TURTLE DOVE (<i>STREPTOPELIA ORIENTALIS</i>) AND THE BITING MIDGE (<i>CULICOIDES ARAKAWAE</i>) IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Lee, Hae Rim,Koo, Bon-Sang,Kim, Jong-Taek,Kim, Heung-Chul,Kim, Myung-Soon,Klein, Terry A.,Shin, Man-Seok,Lee, Sanghun,Jeon, Eun-Ok,Min, Kyung-Cheol,Lee, Seung Baek,Bae, Yeonji,Mo, In-Pil Wildlife Disease Association 2017 JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES Vol.53 No.4

<P>A total of 600 wild birds were analyzed for the causes of mortality in the Republic of Korea (ROK) from 2011 to 2013. Avian poxvirus (APV) infections were identified as the primary cause of mortality in 39% (29/74) Oriental Turtle Doves (Streptopelia orientalis). At necropsy, all 29 S. orientalis birds, of which, 76% (22/29) were juveniles, had severe diphtheritic lesions in their oral and nasal cavities and on their eyelids, which were the lesions of APV that resulted in mortality. We detected APV infection by chorioallantoic membrane inoculation and molecular study of the partial region of the P4b gene. All isolates belonged to the same APV strain and were identical to strains isolated from several different pigeon species in South Africa. Phylogenetically, the APV strain identified in S. orientalis belonged to subclade A2, which includes isolates from several species of pigeons from different parts of the world, including the United Kingdom, Germany, India, Egypt, Hawaii, Georgia, Hungary, South Africa, Tanzania, and the ROK. This identity indicated that this diphtheritic APV strain may be a potential pathogen of other pigeon species in the ROK and neighboring countries throughout the range of S. orientalis. However, reticuloendotheliosis virus insertion into the APV genome was not detected by PCR in any of the 29 APV infections. An identical strain of APV observed in S. orientalis was also detected in Culicoides arakawae (biting midge), with annual peak populations corresponding to the presence of APV in S. orientalis. Culicoides arakawae may be a primary vector of APV in S. orientalis. Active surveillance of APVs in wild birds and C. arakawae is needed to better understand the epidemiology of APVs, host-vector relationships, and its ecological effects on S. orientalis in the ROK.</P>

고지방식이가 운동시 흰쥐의 글리코겐 이용에 미치는 영향

민경선,장응찬,김형렬,민진아,신덕수 慶山大學校 2000 論文集 Vol.18 No.1

Carbohydrate and fat ingestion during exercise are essential nutrient, but a number of opinion is different from their contents of food. In this point of view, to study how high-fat dietary contents affects glycogen utilization, 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained on the treadmill trained for 4wk with consuming two high-fat diet and one high-carbohydrate diet. All animals were fed 79%high-fat diet(n=16, 79F), 40% high-fat diet(n=16, 40F), 70% high-carbohydrate diet(n=16, 70C). After the final day of training, one-half of rats in each the three groups were run to exhaustion (E), whereas the remaining rats served as rested controls (R). All animals were trained on a motorized rodent treadmill. The animals ran for 30min/d at 28m/min(0% grade), analysis items were glycogen, body weight and %Fat were measured. All data were examined by means of one-way ANOVA and significance was set at the p<0.05. The Duncan method was used for a post hoc test. Body weight were similar among the 79F, 40F and 70C groups. %Fat was significantly greater in animals that consumed the 79F group than in those on the 70C group (P<0.05), even though similar body weight each other. Generally liver and muscle glycogen concentration had more in 79FR, on the other hand, had less in 79FE compared with the others. The mean overall glycogen utilization rate was depressed in muscle and liver after animals were on the 79% F diet. In summary, the present study has suggested that consumption of 79% F diet during endurance training can lead to an increase in exercise performance in female rats. Some of the consequences training on F diet are an increase in body fat deposition and slower utilization of glycogen during exercise. These data indicate that rats exposed to a high-fat diet are capable of prolonging exercise in spite of limited glycogen stores. This improved capacity for exercise appears to be partially the result of muscular adaptations to the diet, which apparently increase the ability to oxidize fat and concomitantly spare glycogen.

숙지황 분말을 첨가한 국수의 품질 특성 및 항산화성

민아영(A Young Min),손아영(Ah Young Son),김현정(Hyun Jeong Kim),신숙경(Suk Kyung Shin),김미리(Mee Ree Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2015 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.44 No.3

본 연구는 숙지황 분말을 이용한 기능성 면류를 제조하기 위해서 숙지황 분말을 밀가루에 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5% 첨가하여 제조한 국수의 품질 특성 및 항산화성을 조사하였다. 숙지황분말 첨가가 증가함에 따라 국수의 중량, 부피, 함수율은 감소하였고 탁도는 증가하였다. 색도는 숙지황 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 L값과 b값은 감소하고 a값은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 수분 함량은 숙지황 분말의 첨가량이 증가할 수록 감소하였다. 숙지황 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 국수의 경도는 증가하였고, 탄력성, 응집성, 검성 및 씹힘성은 감소하였다. 숙지황 분말의 첨가 농도가 증가함에 따라 아밀로그래프상의 호화개시 온도는 증가하였고, 최고 점도와 최종점도는 감소하였다. 숙지황 분말 첨가 농도가 높아질수록 polyphenol 함량은 증가하였고, DPPH radical 소거능에서 IC50값이 감소하였으므로 숙지황 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 항산화능이 높아지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 관능검사 결과 숙지황 분말 2.5% 첨가 국수가 전체적인 기호도 및 구입의사에서 가장 높게 평가되었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 숙지황 분말을 첨가한 기능성 국수의 개발이 가능하였고 기능성을 고려하였을 때는 숙지황 분말 7.5% 첨가가 가장 그 항산화 활성이 우수하였다. 하지만 제품 개발 특성상 관능적 특성을 크게 고려하였을 때, 숙지황 분말을 2.5% 첨가하여 국수를 제조하는 것이 가장 적합한 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of noodles added with Rehmanniae Radix Preparata powder (RP). Wheat flour noodles were prepared with four levels of RP (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5%). Moisture absorption of RP added noodles was somewhat greater than that of control. The turbidity of RP noodles decreased according to addition of RP. Hunter L (lightness) and b (yellowness) values of RP added noodles decreased according to addition of RP amount. Textural properties (measured by a texture analyzer), hardness, and springiness of RP noodles up to 5% were not significantly different from those of control. Antioxidant activity of RP added noodles increased according to addition of RP: IC50 values of DPPH radical scavenging activity for raw noodles was 3.77 mg/g, whereas values of raw noodles with RP 2.5 and 7.5% were 3.69 mg/g and 2.47 mg/g, respectively. Polyphenol content increased according to addition of RP. Amylogram showed that RP addition increased initial gelatinization temperature, decreased breakdown, and reduced setback and consistency, which indicates protection against retrogradation. The sensory preference test revealed that cooked noodles with added 2.5% RP showed the highest scores for color, odor, taste, and overall preference. It is suggested that RP up to 2.5% could be substituted for wheat flour to improve noodle quality.

카무트 분말을 첨가한 머핀의 품질특성 및 항산화 작용

윤진아(Jin A Yoon),한준우(Jun-Woo Han),최재환(Jae-Hwan Choi),신경옥(Kyung-Ok Shin) 한국식품과학회 2021 한국식품과학회지 Vol.53 No.5

본 연구는 카무트를 활용하여 머핀의 품질을 향상시키고, 건강의 증진에 도움이 되고자 제품을 만들어 기초실험을 실시하였다. 카무트 분말을 첨가할수록 pH, 수분 함량, 머핀의 높이 및 반죽수율은 감소하였다. 카무트 분말을 첨가한 머핀의 색도 측정에서는 L값은 감소하였으며, a값과 b값은 증가하였다. 물성 측정결과, 카무트 첨가량이 증가할수록 머핀의 점착성과 응집성이 감소하고, 검성과 씹힘성이 증가하였다. ABTS 소거활성과 DPPH 소거활성은 탈 이온수 추출보다는 에탄올 추출에서 수치가 높았으며, 에탄올 추출 시에 농도 의존적으로 증가하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 종합해 볼 때, 개인의 기호도에 따라 머핀을 만들 때, 카무트의 첨가량이 달라질 수 있으나 이화학적 분석, 항산화 활성 등을 고려할 때, 카무트 분말의 첨가량은 10-15%가 가장 적당할 것으로 판단된다. In this study, basic experiments were conducted to improve the quality of muffins using kamut (Triticum turanicum Jakubz) for making products to help improve human health. Kamut powder addition decreased the pH, moisture content, muffin height, and dough yield. Chromaticity measurement of muffins with added kamut powder showed decreased L value, increased a value, and increased b value. Measurement of physical properties showed that the tackiness and cohesiveness of muffins decreased with increasing amounts of added kamut powder, along with increased gumminess and chewiness. ABTS and DPPH scavenging activities were higher in ethanol extracts than in deionized water extracts. Therefore, when making muffins, it is judged that 10 to 15% of kamut powder is most suitable in consideration of physicochemical analysis and antioxidant activity.

Biotransformation of Protopanaxadiol-Type Ginsenosides in Korean Ginseng Extract into Food-Available Compound K by an Extracellular Enzyme from Aspergillus niger

( Eun-bi Jeong ),( Se-a Kim ),( Kyung-chul Shin ),( Deok-kun Oh ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.10

Compound K (C-K) is one of the most pharmaceutically effective ginsenosides, but it is absent in natural ginseng. However, C-K can be obtained through the hydrolysis of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides (PPDGs) in natural ginseng. The aim of this study was to obtain the high concentration of food-available C-K using PPDGs in Korean ginseng extract by an extracellular enzyme from Aspergillus niger KACC 46495. A. niger was cultivated in the culture medium containing the inducer carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for 6 days. The extracellular enzyme extracted from A. niger was prepared from the culture broth by filtration, ammonium sulfate, and dialysis. The extracellular enzyme was used for C-K production using PPDGs. The glycoside-hydrolyzing pathways for converting PPDGs into C-K by the extracellular enzyme were Rb1 → Rd → F2 → C-K, Rb2 → Rd or compound O → F2 or compound Y → C-K, and Rc → Rd or compound Mc1 → F2 or compound Mc → C-K. The extracellular enzyme from A. niger at 8.0 mg/ml, which was obtained by the induction of CMC during the cultivation, converted 6.0 mg/ml (5.6 mM) PPDGs in Korean ginseng extract into 2.8 mg/ml (4.5 mM) food-available C-K in 9 h, with a productivity of 313 mg/l/h and a molar conversion of 80%. To the best of our knowledge, the productivity and concentration of C-K of the extracellular enzyme are the highest among those by crude enzymes from wild-type microorganisms.