家兎에서 局所貧血이 筋肉變化에 미치는 影響에 關한 實驗的 硏究

金昌洙,李弘鍵 고려대학교 의과대학 1982 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.19 No.1

Early detection of muscular changes in ischemia should be the utmost important and urgent problem in management and recovery of the muscles before irreversible picture developes. In the relevant literatures, many authors have studied upon histological changes of muscles. in ischemia employing various staining methods, such as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), van Gieson etc., and reported that the earliest possible time fot detection of morphological changer in muscles were 3 to 4 hours after ischemia took place. Other methods, such as measurement of pressure in the muscular tissue with wick catheter, never conduction time, electromyography, tissue fluid analysis, enzyme study of serum, lactic acid study, ^(99m)Tc stannous pyrophosphate, electronmicroscopic study did not provide valuable early detection of muscular changes in ischemia. The author has undertaken an experimental study upon morphological changes of the muscles, after ischsmia were produced artificially with ligation of vessels and using tourniquet, and tried to detect early changes in the ischemic muscle by histochemical staining method developed by Lie et al., hematoxylin basic fuchsinpicric acid (HBFP) staining method. Twenty rabbits, weighing 2,000-2,500gm were divided into two groups. In group 1, tourniquet was applied on the proximal thigh, and in group 2, the unilateral common iliac artery and vein were ligated. In each group, muscle biopsies were carried out of the belly of the anterior tibial muscles in 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 fours, 3 hours, 6 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours, respectively, while the applied tourniquet or ligation was released 6hours after application. The biopsied samples were fixed in formalin and stained with H&E and HBFP stain for microscopic evaluation of muscle changes. The results are as follows: 1. In group 1, the earliest evidence of muscular degeneration were detected by HBFP staining-method as early as 30 minutes after application of tourniquet, whereas it was required at least 3 hours to detect such change by H&E staining method. 2. In group 2, the earliest evidence of muscular degeneration were detected by HBFP staining method as early as 10 minutes after ligation of the vessels, whereas it was required atleast 2 hour to detect such change by H&E staining method. 3. In group 2, the minimal elapse of the time to detect muscular necrosis after ligation of the vessel was 2 hours by HBFP staining method whereas it took 24 hours by H&E staining method. 4. The above findings suggest that the HBFP staining is the most practical method to detect not omly early degenerative change of muscle but the evaluation of the extent of the changes due to ischemia.

적응적인 웹 사이트 설계를 위한 퍼지인식도 시뮬레이션에 관한 연구

이건창(Kun Chang Lee),정남호(Nam Ho Chung) 한국경영학회 2001 經營學硏究 Vol.30 No.2

As the main stream of electronic commerce changes from B2C to B2B, the importance of a strategic web site design is being recognized more than ever. In this sense, this study proposes a new approach to an adaptive design of the web site by using the stratified fuzzy cognitive map (FCM). Its main virtue lies in capability of changing specific components on the web site with its subsequent effects upon other components being objectively considered. By doing so, we can maintain total effectiveness of the website design. This advantage of the proposed approach can be compared with the traditional approach where the web site design has been changed without paying a due attention to the related components. We gathered 134 questionnaire responses. By analysing the questionnaire results, the causal weights of the FCM were computed objectively. Then the FCM was transformed into a stratified FCM by using Lee & Cho (1998)`s approach. On the basis of the stratified FCM and four scenarios, we performed web site design simulation. The simulation results showed that the proposed approach could be used effectively for analyzing the web site design in an adaptive manner when the market situation is changing.

在日韓國人의 生活文化의 異質化와 適應過程에 關한 保健學的 硏究

金正根(Jong-Kun Kim),張昌谷(Chang-Gok Chang),林達旿(Dar-Oh Lim),金武采(Mu-Chae Kim),李州烈(Ju-Yul Lee) 한국인구학회 1992 한국인구학 Vol.15 No.2

After world war Ⅱ Japanese life expectancy has been improved remarkably, and reached the highest level in the world around late 1970's. The life expectancy of Korean has also shown tremendous improvement in recent years with about 20 year's gap from the Japanese. The reason of rapid improvement of life expectancy can be explained by changes in the structure of cause of death due to health system, living standard, social welfare, health behavior of individuals and so on. Korean in Japan is placed under different situations from both Korean in Korea and Japanese in these regards, and expected to show different picture of cause of death pattern. The objective of this study is the comparision of changing patterns of cause of death of three population groups, Korean in Japan, Korean in Korea and Japanese, and to investigate the reasons which effect to the structural difference of mortality cause with special emphasis on health ecological aspects. One of the major limitations of the Korean causes of death statistics is the under-registration which ranges about 10% of the total events, and inaccuracy of the exact cause of death. Some 20% of registered deaths were unable to classify by ICD. However, it is concluded that the Korean data are evaluated as sufficient to stand for over-viewing of trends of cause of death pattern. The evaluation is done by comparing data from registration and field survey over the same population sample. Population data of Korean in Japan differ between two sources of data; census and foreigner's registration. Correction is done by life table method under the assumption that age-specific mortality pattern would accord with that of the Japanese. The crude death rate was lowest among Korean in Japan, 5.7 deaths per 1,000 population in 1965. The crude death rates of Korean in Japan and Japanese are increasing recently influenced by age structure while Korean in Korea still shows decreasing tendency. The adjusted death rate is lowest among Japnaese, followed by Korean in Japan, and Korean in Korea. The leading causes of death of Korean in Korea until 1960's was infectious diseases including pneumonia and tuberculosis. The causes of death structure changed gradually to accidents, neoplasm, hypertensive disease, cerebro-vascular disease in order. The main difference in cause of death between Korean and Japanese is high rate of liver diseases and diabetes for both Korean in Japan and Korea. A special feature of cause of death among Korean in Korea is remakably high rate of hypertensive disease, which is assumed to be caused by physicians tendency in choosing diagnostic categories. The low ischemic heart disease and high vasculo-cerebral disease are the distinctive characteristic of the three population groups compared to western countries. Specific causes of death were selected for detailed sex, age and ethnic group comparisons based on their high death rates. Cancer is the cause of death which showed most drama tical increase in all three population groups. In Korea 20.1% of all death were caused by cancer in 1990 compared with 10.5% in 1981. Cancer of the liver is the leading cause of cancer death among Korean in Japan for both sexes, followed by cancer of the lung and cancer of the stomach, while that of Korean in Korea is cancer of the stomach, followed by cancer of the liver and cancer of the lung for male. Causes of infant mortality were examined among the three population groups since 1980 on yearly bases. For both Japanese and Korean in Japan, leading cause of death ranks as conditions originating in the perinatal period, congenital anomalies, accidents and other violent causes. Trends since 1980 for these two population groups in the leading cause of infant mortality showed no changes. On the contrary, significant changes in leading cause of death structure in Korea were observed : The ranking of leading cause of death in 1981 were congenital asnomali

충주시 고등학생의 최근 4년간(1988-2001) B형간염 표면항원 및 항체 양성률 조사

김형수,이건세,장성훈,박수경,김청식,이창희,권혁중,정순섭 한국역학회 2002 Epidemiology and Health Vol.24 No.2

Objective : Since Korea has been known to be of the endemic area for hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, vaccination for HBV has been recommended for all neonates in Korea. After starting vaccination in 1983, the change of sero-positivity of HBsAg and HBsAb is expected. This study was carried out to investigate the seropositive rate of hepatitis B virus surface antigen and antibody in high school freshmen students in Chungju-city. Methods and Materials : From 1998 to 2001, a total of 11,735 who were born in 1982 to 1986, were enrolled in this study. HBsAg and anti-HBs were tested by reversed passive hemagglutination and passive hemagglutination, respectively. Results : The study population was 11,735 students who were composed of 5,813 males (49.6%) and 5,914 females (50.4%). The HBsAg sero-positivity of male and female students was 3.25% (n=381) and 2.59% (n=153) respectively. The anti-HBs sero-positivity of male and female students was 62.2% (n=3,154) and 64.1% (n=2,969) respectively. There are significant difference observed in comparison of HBsAg and anti-HBs seropositivity according to sex (p<0.05). From 1982 to 1986 on birth year, anti-HBs sero-positivity has been increased significantly from 63.3% to 73.3%. But the change of HBsAg sero-positivity has not been changed significantly. Conclusions : As compared with previous studies of HBsAg and anti-HBs, the sero-positive rate of HBsAg has not been changed but that of HBsAb has been increased significantly. This result revealed that the effect of HBV vaccination program was successful.

韓國의 勞使協議制에 關한 硏究 : 特히 運營 實態와 改善方案을 中心으로 With Special Attention To Actual Conditions Affecting Labor-Management Relations

李昌建 충남대학교 경영대학원 1974 經營學論文集 Vol.1 No.-

A. AIM AND IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY. Although the Labor Movement in our country is quite young, the rights and interests of the laboring man have improved and advanced since liberation. Today the nature of the labor problem has changed. In the past labor union activities were in the nature of conflict and strikes against management. Management was considered to be Labor's opposition, but today a method must be found to solve the problem of Labor-Management cooperation. Having moved from a position of subordination to one of confrontation, it is now necessary for Labor to move on to a position of cooperation. A relationship of cooperation would achieve the investment of capital in the form of labor and a corresponding equitable distribution of profits. By this means not only would industrial peace be maintained, but industry would be advanced, the welfare of laboring men would be improved and the financial aspect of the nation would look even more promising. However, the actual conditions in our country are such that, with the exception of a few large enterprises, most Labor-Management relations are behind the times. To complete the task of increasing production, financial growth and the cultivation of national strength, the improvement of structures of Labor-Management cooperation is important. The basic aim of this study is to try to deal with the values related to Labor-Management relations structures; to investigate common operation practices; to analyze the actual operation of existing Labor-Management cooperation structures; and to seek methods of improvement in order to stimulate the advancement of democray in developed countries. B. METHOD OF STUDY The method of this study includes an investigation of the historical development of Labor-Management cooperation; the results of comparative analysis of the development of Labor-Management cooperation in other countries; and aforecast of future industrial structures in order to seek an appropriate structure for the advadncement of Labor-Management cooperation in Korea. In seeking to understand the actual circumstances of Labor-Management relation, materials based on sociological questionnaire methods were included, as was an attempt at analysis of operating procedures. Also, the reports of the following organizations were examined; The Korean Federation of Labor, the Bureau of Production, the Bureau of Labor, the Research Bureau and others. In addition, data was gathered by interviews designed to elicit the opinions of those actually engaged in Labor-Management cooperative efforts. C. SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1. The scope includes a study of the value of existing structures of Labor-Management cooperation, a general survey of Labor-Management cooperation, and the nature and functions of Labor-Management cooperation. 2. Through a comparison with the Labor-Management cooperation structures of other countries, means of advancement of Labor-Management cooperation in our country is sought. 3. A theoretical foundation for the actual problems of Labor-Management cooperation in our country is sought. 4. A synthesis of the total content of Labor-Management relations, prospects for Labor-Management relations, the maintenance of industrial peace, and the need for Labor-Management cooperation for the purpose of increasing production was covered in this study. D. CONCLUSIONS A plan for the development of Labor-Management cooperation is presented in the study: 1. The most important task in the field of Labor-Management relations is the need for a change of attitude. Management must give up its attitude of self-importance, and Labor must re-examine its own position. 2. Labor needs to change its direction and work for a new and definite plan for the equal distribution of the fruits of labor. 3. Labor-Management cooperative relationships must be relationships of mutual confidence. 4. It is important to consider the entire social setting, for Labor-Management relations have an effect on society as a whole. 5. Through careful study and a full understanding of the nature and content of Labor-Management cooperative systems, labor and Management can expect to arrive at a healthy application of cooperative practices. a. The name of the cooperative structure must not be neglected. Ordinarily, the name of an organization defines its character. b. It is important to understand the nature of cooperative systems. 3. It is necessary to know the function of Labor-Management cooperative organizations. d. The number of representatives from Labor must be the same as the number of Management representatives. 6. Any remains of an attitude of inferiority which would cause us to hesitate must be purged from society. Rather, adopting a pioneering spirit, we must encourage the further development of Labor-Management cooperative structures. 7. The role of government in Labor-Management relations is highly important. There is a need for independent Labor Laws. Present Laws should be supplemented in order to establish a new system of Labor Laws.

흉부 X선촬영 기술의 변천에 관한 연구

이창엽,조평곤,김지닐,최소영,김창균,최종학,김정민,김유현 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 2002 保健科學論集 Vol.28 No.2

To find elements which enable improving Quality of image of chest radiography, we attempted to make comparison between chest radiography used currently with that of the past, and following conclusion was reached: 1) It could be confirmed that a dependance on chest radiography was declining, because proportion of chest radiography against overall radiography decreased. 2) There was a change of kVp to a high voltage in a chest radiography, and use of high kVp became a generalization 3) Exposure time was reduced and exposure dose was curtailed accordingly. 4) Apparatus was mainly comprised of 3-phase rectifier circuit and inverter type. 5) It could be confirmed that frequency of applying additional filters for high kVp radiography was insufficient. 6) There was almost no difference in the condition of exposure between hospitals using film/screen and hospitals using CR. But when CR is used for radiography, it was increase in exposure dose due to increase in tube current and it will be necessary to have continuous study on exposure dose by an increase use of CR in the future.

만성 췌장염에 의한 십이지장 협착 1예

서백종,장기육,박용근,채현석,한석원,이창돈,정인식,차상복,박두호 대한내과학회 1997 대한내과학회지 Vol.53 No.3S

저자들은 만성췌장염환자에서 지속적인 오심과 구토를 주소로 내원하여 십이지장협착으로 진단된 1예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Duodenal stenosis resulting from fibroinflammatory process is a rare complication of chronic pancreatitis. The mechanism of duodenal stenosis seems to be related to ischemia and edema caused by persistent inflammation, which results in irreversible change of duodenal wall structure. We experienced a chronic alcoholic male patient with duodenal stenosis who had a history of choledochojejunostomy to relieve distal bile duct stenosis several years ago. He had suffered persistent postprandial nausea and vomiting for several months. Barium study of upper gastrointestinal tract and repeated endoscopy show narrowing lumen of duodenum with coarse nodular surface due to reactive inflammatory change.

Finding key vulnerable areas by a climate change vulnerability assessment

Kim, Ho Gul,Lee, Dong Kun,Jung, Huicheul,Kil, Sung-Ho,Park, Jin Han,Park, Chan,Tanaka, Riwako,Seo, Changwan,Kim, Ho,Kong, Wooseok,Oh, Kyusik,Choi, Jinyong,Oh, Young-Ju,Hwang, Gangseok,Song, Chang-Keun Springer Netherlands 2016 Natural hazards Vol.81 No.3

<P>Extreme climate events such as typhoons, heat waves, and floods have increased in frequency with climate change. Many municipalities within the Republic of Korea (ROK) have experienced damage from these events, necessitating countermeasures. Vulnerability assessment has been suggested in the implementation of a national plan for reducing damage resulting from climate change. Thus, in this study, we assess the vulnerability of the ROK and identify key vulnerable municipalities in support of the national adaptation plan. We create a framework for assessing the vulnerability of all 232 municipalities of the ROK with respect to 32 items in 7 fields. The framework regards decision makers' comprehension and availability of data as important factors. We assess the vulnerability index of each municipality by using variables of climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptation capacity. The weights of variables are determined by the Delphi method. We used the representative concentration pathways 8.5 climate scenario to reflect future climate exposure for the vulnerability assessment. From the analysis, vulnerability maps are prepared for the 32 items of 7 fields, and key vulnerable municipalities are identified by aggregating the maps. The distribution of vulnerable municipalities changes with the future climate conditions. These maps provide a scientific and objective basis for the ROK government to establish adaptation plans and allocate resources. The ROK government can utilize the results to identify the characteristics of highly vulnerable areas, and municipalities can use the results as a basis for requesting support from the national government.</P>

콤바인 HST 전자제어시스템 개발

서신원(Sin-Won Seo),허윤근(Yun-Kun Huh),이제용(Je-Yong Lee),이창규(Chang-Kyu Lee),배근수(Keun-Soo Bae) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2011 농업과학연구 Vol.38 No.1

I/An electro-hydraulic transmission having advantages of convenience, safety, simple linking and high power, and an electronic control system were designed and fabricated. In this study, characteristics of the control system were investigated through outdoor tests for evaluation of installation of the system on a combine. Major findings were as followings. 1. Experiment for performance evaluation of the control system was conducted on concrete road. With steering lever in neutral position, driving HST swash plate and left/right wheel speed increased in proportion to driving lever angle. In case of steering control, steering swash plate angle changed in proportion to steering lever angle. This should cause increase in outer wheel speed, but it was observed that HST swash plate was controlled toward neutral to maintain the speed before steering. As a result, speed before steering was maintained despite the change in outer wheel speed by steering HST swash plate angle change. 2. It was observed that the HST system enabled steering with outer wheel maintained at constant speeds while inner wheel speed decreased, which was more stable than conventional mechanical links. In addition, for the selected 5 criteria, experiment showed satisfactory results and it was judged that installation on real vehicle would be feasible. 3. The control system showed response property of appropriate forward/reverse movement and lift/right steering, without causing any problems during experiment on concrete. Result of response property experiment on field operation also showed appropriate control over forward/reverse movement and left/right steering

소의 대동맥 내피세포에서 산화저밀도 지단백에 의한 아포프토시스에 백일해 독소 및 콜레라 독소가 미치는 영향

손호영(Ho Young Son),강성구(Sung Ku Kang),강무일(Moo Il Kang),차봉연(Bong Youn Cha),이광우(Kwang Woo Lee),장상아(Sang Ah Chang),최윤희(Yoon Hee Choi),문성대(Sung Dae Moon),안유배(Yoo Bae Ahn),손현식(Hyun Sik Son),윤건호(Kun Ho Yoon) 대한내과학회 1999 대한내과학회지 Vol.56 No.5

N/A Objectives : Oxidized LDL is thought to play a key role in atherogenesis. Among their wide variety of biological properties, oxidized LDL injures the endothelium as an early event of atherogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which oxidized LDL injures endothelial cells are not definitely known. In order to evaluate the involvement of GTP-binding protein on the mechanism of apoptosis, we studied the effects of pertussis and cholera toxin on oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis in bovine aortic endothelial cells(BAECs). Methods : Oxidized LDL elicited apoptosis in cultured BAECs as shown by characteristic morphological and biochemical changes. Chromatin condensation and nucleus fragmentation were visualized by using fluorescence microscopy of intact cells staining by acridine orange/ ethidium bromide. DNA fragmentation was quantified by an ELISA with specific antibody for bromodeoxyuridine- labelled DNA fragments and confirmed with DNA ladder formation. Results : Studies using a combination of bacterial toxins which change the function of GTP-binding protein suggest that oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis was regulated by GTP-binding protein. Oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis was not changed by pretreatment of BAECs with pertussis toxin. In contrast, pretreatment with cholera toxin completely prevented the oxidized LDL- induced apoptosis. Conclusion : These results show that oxidized LDL induces apoptosis of BAECs and suggest that cholera toxin-sensitive G-proteins are involved in signal transduction of oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis of BAEC.