http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Fabrication and Challenges of Cu-to-Cu Wafer Bonding
Kang, Sung-Geun,Lee, Ji-Eun,Kim, Eun-Sol,Lim, Na-Eun,Kim, Soo-Hyung,Kim, Sung-Dong,Kim, Sarah Eun-Kyung The Korean Microelectronics and Packaging Society 2012 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.19 No.2
The demand for 3D wafer level integration has been increasing significantly. Although many technical challenges of wafer stacking are still remaining, wafer stacking is a key technology for 3D integration due to a high volume manufacturing, smaller package size, low cost, and no need for known good die. Among several new process techniques Cu-to-Cu wafer bonding is the key process to be optimized for the high density and high performance IC manufacturing. In this study two main challenges for Cu-to-Cu wafer bonding were evaluated: misalignment and bond quality of bonded wafers. It is demonstrated that the misalignment in a bonded wafer was mainly due to a physical movement of spacer removal step and the bond quality was significantly dependent on Cu bump dishing and oxide erosion by Cu CMP.
( Sarah Chung ),( Jin Young Jeong ),( Ye Jin Kim ),( Dae Eun Choi ),( Yoon Kyung Chang ),( Ki Ryang Na ),( Kang Wook Lee ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Although Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2) may play an important role, inhibition of TLR2 has not shown consistent results of amelioration in renal infi ammation of obstructed kidney. There have been some reports that renin angiotensin system (RAS) may affect the activation of TLR signaling. However, there was few study for the relationship between RAS and renal TLR2 activation in experimental unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO). Methods: Male wild type and TLR2 knokout(KO) mice backgrounded C57BL/6 were divided into the 8 groups; 1)Sham, 2)Angiotensin II(Ang II)+ Sham, 3)AngII+TLR2 KO, 4)Aliskiren+Sham, 5)Aliskiren+TLR2 KO, 6)UUO only 7)TLR2 KO UUO, and 8)Aliskiren + TLR2 KO UUO. We performed realtime RT PCR and immunohistochemistry for molecular study and H&E stain and Masson trichrome (MT) stain for histologic examination of kidneys. Results: Ang II increased the renal mRNA expression of TLR2 in wild type mice (p <0.05). Ang II-infused TLR2 KO mice kidney showed signifi cantly lower mRNA expressions of osteopontin(OPN) and TGF-ß compared to those of Ang II-infused wild type mice. In TLR2 KO UUO kidneys, there were no differences of MCP-1, OPN and TGF-ß mRNA expressions and renal histology compared with UUO kidneys of wild type mice(p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). The renal renin mRNA expression in TLR2 KO UUO was signifi cantly higher than that of UUO kidneys of wild type mice (p < 0.05). Renin inhibition by aliskiren decreased the mRNA expressions of MCP-1, OPN and TGF-ß, all of which were upregulated in TLR2 KO UUO kidneys (all, p < 0.05). Aliskiren also signifi cantly reduced renal tissue injury score (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Inhibition of RAS attenuates renal infi ammation in TLR2 KO UUO kidneys. It is speculated that RAS may modulate renal TLR2 activation in experimental unilateral ureteral obstruction.
Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease according to Alcohol Behavioral Change after Cancer Diagnosis
Eun Mi Bae,In Young Cho,Ji-Hye Jun,Kiheon Lee,Ju Young Kim,Woo Kyung Bae,이혜진,Jong-Soo Han,Se Young Jung,Kee Hyuck Lee,Sarah Kim,Hye Yeon Koo,Sang Jin Cho,Houbuem Lee,Chuelmin Paek 대한가정의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.41 No.4
Background: Problem drinking increases the incidence of all-cause mortality and specific cancers, and persistent drinking is associated with cardiovascular disease in certain cancer survivors. This study analyzed the cardiovascular risk factors before and after diagnosis in Korean cancer survivors. Methods: Data for the period between 2002 and 2013 were collected from the National Health Insurance Service Health-Examinee Cohort Database. Among the 27,835 patients included, those with moderate alcohol consumption before and after cancer diagnosis were excluded. Problem drinking was defined as males under 65 years consuming over 14 glasses a week, and males over 65 years or females consuming over seven glasses a week. A t-test, chi-square test, and linear regression analysis were performed for differences in cardiovascular risk factors and differences according to cancer types. Results: There was a difference in the body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol among patients who became moderate drinkers after diagnosis, but fasting blood glucose did not show any significant changes. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease were analyzed in patients with liver, stomach, rectal, and breast cancer with improved drinking behavior, and there were significant differences in body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and total cholesterol in stomach cancer patients. Conclusion: Moderate drinking can lower cardiovascular risk in cancer survivors, and among the many drinkingrelated cancers, stomach cancer patients demonstrated significantly reduced cardiovascular risk factors.
Jang, Yu Kyung,Shin, Gi Ru,Jung, Eun Sung,Lee, Sunmin,Lee, Sarah,Singh, Digar,Jang, Eun Seok,Shin, Dong Joo,Kim, Hye-jin,Shin, Hye Won,Moon, Byoung Seok,Lee, Choong Hwan Elsevier 2017 Food chemistry Vol.234 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The metabolic perplexes for <I>gochujang</I> (GCJ) fermentative bioprocess, a traditional Korean pepper paste, has largely remain equivocal for preparative conditions and raw material (RM) additives exacerbating its commercial standardization. Herein, we outlined a differential non-targeted metabolite profiling for three GCJ (white rice-WR; brown rice-BR; wheat-WT) under varying processing steps (P1 – fermentation; P2 – <I>meju</I> addition; P3 – ripening; and P4 – red pepper addition). We correlated the process specific metabolomes with corresponding physicochemical factors, enzymatic phenotypes, and bioactivities for GCJ-types. The P1 was characterized by a uniform increase in the levels of RM-derived lysoPCs. In contrast, P2 was observed with proportionally higher levels of <I>meju</I>-released isoflavones and soyasaponins in WR-GCJ, followed by BR and WT-GCJ. The P3 involved a cumulative increase in primary metabolites in all GCJ samples except lower organic acid contents in WT-GCJ. The pepper derived flavonoids and alkaloids were selectively increased while P4 in all GCJ-types.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Metabolic alterations govern quality parameters for industrial <I>gochujang</I> (GCJ). </LI> <LI> Metabolic dynamics for GCJ-types were altered with production processes. </LI> <LI> P3 (ripening) crucially effects nutritional and functional aspects for GCJ. </LI> <LI> Process specific metabolic profiling for GCJ types revealed putative biomarkers. </LI> </UL> </P>
RF Sputtering법에 의한 산화주석 박막의 진공 열처리 효과
김선필,김영래,김성동,김사라은경,Kim, Sun-Phil,Kim, Young-Rae,Kim, Sung-Dong,Kim, Sarah Eun-Kyung 한국세라믹학회 2011 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.48 No.4
Tin oxide thin films were deposited by rf reactive sputtering and annealed at $400^{\circ}C$ for 1 h in vacuum. To minimize the influence such as reduction, oxidation, and doping on tin oxide thin films during annealing, a vacuum ambient annealing was adopted. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of tin oxide thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscope, UV-Vis spectrometer, and Hall effect measurements. After vacuum annealing, the grain size of all thin films was slightly increased and the roughness ($R_a$) was improved, however irregular and coalesced shapes were observed from the most of the films. These irregular and coalesced crystal shapes and the possible elimination of intrinsic defects might have caused a decrease in both carrier concentration and mobility, which degrades electrical conductivity.
RF Reactive Sputtering법에 의한 산화주석 박막의 제조 및 특성
김영래,김선필,김성동,김은경,Kim, Young-Rae,Kim, Sun-Phil,Kim, Sung-Dong,Kim, Sarah Eun-Kyung 한국재료학회 2010 한국재료학회지 Vol.20 No.9
Tin oxide thin films were prepared on borosilicate glass by rf reactive sputtering at different deposition powers, process pressures and substrate temperatures. The ratio of oxygen/argon gas flow was fixed as 10 sccm / 60 sccm in this study. The structural, electrical and optical properties were examined by the design of experiment to evaluate the optimized processing conditions. The Taguchi method was used in this study. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectrometer, Hall effect measurements and atomic force microscope. Tin oxide thin films exhibited three types of crystal structures, namely, amorphous, SnO and $SnO_2$. In the case of amorphous thin films the optical band gap was widely spread from 2.30 to 3.36 eV and showed n-type conductivity. While the SnO thin films had an optical band gap of 2.24-2.49 eV and revealed p-type conductivity, the $SnO_2$ thin films showed an optical band gap of 3.33-3.63 eV and n-type conductivity. Among the three process parameters, the plasma power had the most impact on changing the structural, electrical and optical properties of the tin oxide thin films. It was also found that the grain size of the tin oxide thin films was dependent on the substrate temperature. However, the substrate temperature has very little effect on electrical and optical properties.
3차원 소자 적층을 위한 BOE 습식 식각에 따른 Cu-Cu 패턴 접합 특성 평가
박종명,김수형,김사라은경,박영배,Park, Jong-Myeong,Kim, Su-Hyeong,Kim, Sarah Eun-Kyung,Park, Young-Bae 대한용접접합학회 2012 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.30 No.3
Three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) technology has become increasingly important due to the demand for high system performance and functionality. We have evaluated the effect of Buffered oxide etch (BOE) on the interfacial bonding strength of Cu-Cu pattern direct bonding. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of Cu surface revealed that Cu surface oxide layer was partially removed by BOE 2min. Two 8-inch Cu pattern wafers were bonded at $400^{\circ}C$ via the thermo-compression method. The interfacial adhesion energy of Cu-Cu bonding was quantitatively measured by the four-point bending method. After BOE 2min wet etching, the measured interfacial adhesion energies of pattern density for 0.06, 0.09, and 0.23 were $4.52J/m^2$, $5.06J/m^2$ and $3.42J/m^2$, respectively, which were lower than $5J/m^2$. Therefore, the effective removal of Cu surface oxide is critical to have reliable bonding quality of Cu pattern direct bonds.
( Hee Yeon Lee ),( Jeung Oh Kim ),( Eun Kyung Cho ),( Young Joo Min ),( Sarah Park ),( Young Kyoon Kim ),( Sung Jun Kim ),( Jin Hyoung Kang ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1
Background: Docetaxel (Taxotere(R)) has been known as one of the most active anti-cancer drugs for breast, ovary, head and neck, prostate, and NSCLC. Neutropenia and asthenia are the toxic reactions frequently observed during docetaxel treatment. We carried out the association study between docetaxel-related toxicities, tumor response and genetic polymorphisms of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, ABCC2, and SLCO1B3. Method: Clinical information was collected from 54 advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients who received docetaxel containing chemotherapy. We extracted genomic DNA from periphreal blood and genotyped CYP3A4 (CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A4*18, CYP3A4*3), CYP3A5(CYP3A5*2, CYP3A5*3), ABCB1 (C1236T, G2677T/A, C3435T), SLCO1B3 (rs11045585), ABCC2 (rs12762549) using direct sequencing and pyrosequencing. Result: Mean age was 59.8 (35-78) yrs and M:F ratio was 41:13. Fifty pts (92.6%) were in ECOG performance status 0-1. Fifty three pts (98.1%) were stage III or IV. Forty six pts (85.2%) received more than 60 mg/m2 of docetaxel. Objective response rate (CR+PR) was 42.6%. Fifteen pts (27.8%) were still in SD and 14 pts (25.9%) showed PD. Severe neutropenia (G3-4) occurred in 33 pts (61.1%). Mild to moderate leukopenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia (G1-2) were observed in 21 (39.8%), 47 (87.0%) and 14 (25.9%) pts. Asthenia occurred in 34 pts (63.0%) and G2-3 asthenia occured in 19 pts (35.2%). Genetic variants of CYP3A4 (CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A4*18, CYP3A4*3) and CYP3A5*2 were not found. Statistically significant associations existed between G2677T/A, ABCC2 and severe leukopenia (p=0.025, p=0.028) as well as between C3435T and neutropenia (p=0.029), anemia (p=0.044). Significant associations between tumor response and G2677T/A (OR=4.54) and SLCO1B3 (OR=9.44) were observed. Conclusion: Taken together, our data suggest that G2677T/A (MDR1) and SLCO1B3 may be major pharmacogenetic predictors for severe hematologic toxicities and tumor response in advanced NSCLC patients receiving docetaxel containing chemotherapy.
Chang, Yoosoo,Ryu, Seungho,Sung, Ki-Chul,Cho, Yong Kyun,Sung, Eunju,Kim, Han-Na,Jung, Hyun-Suk,Yun, Kyung Eun,Ahn, Jiin,Shin, Hocheol,Wild, Sarah Helen,Byrne, Christopher D BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2019 Gut: journal of the British Society of Gastroenter Vol.68 No.9
<P><B>Objective</B></P><P>Recent evidence suggests that alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may differentially affect risk of cardiovascular mortality. To investigate whether early liver disease due to AFLD or NAFLD have similar or dissimilar effects on risk of early coronary artery atherosclerosis, we have investigated the associations between AFLD and NAFLD and coronary artery calcium (CAC).</P><P><B>Design</B></P><P>A cross-sectional study was performed in 105 328 Korean adults who attended a health check-up programme. CAC score was assessed using CT, daily alcohol intake was recorded as grams/day and liver fat by ultrasound. Logistic regression model was used to calculate ORs with 95% CIs for prevalent CAC.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Both NAFLD and AFLD were positively associated with CAC score. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CIs) for CAC >0 comparing NAFLD and AFLD to the reference (absence of both excessive alcohol use and fatty liver disease) were 1.10 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.16) and 1.20 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.30), respectively. In post hoc analysis, OR (95% CI) for detectable CAC comparing AFLD to NAFLD was 1.09 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.17). Associations of NAFLD and AFLD with CAC scores were similar in both non-obese and obese individuals without significant interaction by obesity (p for interaction=0.088). After adjusting for homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and high-sensitivity C reactive protein, the associations between fatty liver disease and CAC scores remained statistically significant.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>In this large sample of young and middle-aged individuals, early liver disease due to NAFLD and AFLD were both significantly associated with the presence of coronary artery calcification.</P>