Flutamide가 수컷 생쥐의 유해감각예민도에 미치는 영향

장세헌,김명정,박제민,양구범,한병득 대한생물치료정신의학회 2000 생물치료정신의학 Vol.6 No.1

Objectives : Previous findings on nociception modulatory effect of testosterone were controversial. In this study, androgen receptor antagonist flutamide was used to reveal testosterone effect on baseline nociceptive sensitivity and stress-induced antinociception in male mice. Methods : Experiments consist 3 Parts: 1) tail flick latency(TFL, sec, 52±1℃) was measured before and 30 minutes after intraperitoneal injection of flutamide 150, 100, 50mg/kg or vehicle(N=15 for each group); 2) TFL was measured before and after serial injection of LHRH antagonist antide(1mg/kg, ip), and 30 minutes after flutamide(100mg/kg, ip) or vehicle; 3) With pretreatment of flutamide(100mg/kg, ip) or vehicle(N=15 for each group), TFL was measured before and after 5 minutes of forced-swim in cold water(15±1℃). Results : 1.TFL was significantly elongated(hypoalgesic) in the flutamide 100 and 150mg/kg groups. TFL of flutamide 150mg/kg group was significantly longer than 50mg/kg group. 2.Though pretreatment with antide itself did not make any change in TFL, it blocked antinociceptive effect of flutamide. TFL was elongated by serial injections in both flutamide and control group. 3.TFL was elongated by FS in both flutamide and control group. FS-induced elongation of TFL was significantly more prominent in flutamide group. Conclusions : From these results, it is suggested flutamide has antinociceptive effect on baseline TFL and potentiates FS- induced antinociception.

중·고등학생 장애이해 교육

우이고,이유훈,권택환,김희규,유장순,최세민 국립특수교육원 2004 연구보고서 Vol.- No.3

본 연구는 중등통합교육현장의 장애이해교육 현황과 문제점을 알아보고 바람직한 장애 이해교육 자료를 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구 대상은 중등 통합교육 현장에 근무하는 208명의 교사로 하였으며 이들에게 설문과 심층 면담을 실시하여 통합교육 현장의 장애이해교육 현황과 문제점을 알아보았다. 본 연구를 통해 나타난 결과를 요약 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장애이해교육의 필요성에 대한 학교관리자의 인식이 긍정적이지 못한 경우가 많다는 점이다. 이로 인해 교육현장에서 장애이해교육을 실시하기 위한 시간확보와 이해교육을 실시하는데 많은 어려움이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 우선적으로 학교관리자가 장애인식 개선을 위한 장애이해 교육의 필요성을 인식하고 이를 적극적으로 지원할 수 있는 방안을 마련해야 할 것이다. 둘째, 장애이해교육을 실시하는데 필요한 시간을 확보하기 어려워 장애이해교육을 형식적으로 실시하거나 실시하지 못하는 경우도 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 특수교육담당 장학사나 국립특수교육원과 같은 연구기관에서 장애이해교육의 필요성과 그에 따른 시간확보 방안 등에 대한 지침을 제공해 줄 필요가 있다. 셋째, 장애이해교육 실시 대상이 대부분 일반학생 중심으로 되어 있어 일반 교사나 학부모 그리고 학교 관리자에 대한 장애이해교육이 부족하다는 점이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 일반학생의 장애이해교육과 더불어 교사와 학부모 그리고 학교 관리자를 대상으로 장애이해교육을 실시할 수 있는 자료의 개발과 더불어 교수 방법에 대한 지속적인 관심이 필요할 것이다. 넷째, 장애이해교육 자료가 다양하지 못하다는 점이다. 즉 학생에게 실시하는 장애 이해교육 자료와 교사나 학부모 그리고 학교관리자에게 실시하는 장애이해교육 자료는 그 내용뿐 아니라 전달 방법도 달라야 할 것이다. 그러나 대부분 학교에서는 동일한 자료를 사용하는 경우가 많아 그 효과를 기대하기 어렵다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 교육대상의 특성을 고려한 다양한 장애이해교육 자료를 조속히 개발 보급할 필요가 있을 것이다. 다섯째, 장애이해교육을 실시하기 위한 자료의 수량이 부족할 뿐 아니라 기존의 자료의 질에 대한 만족도가 낮기 때문에 효율적인 장애이해교육을 실시하기 어렵다는 점이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기위해서는 교육현장에서 활용할 수 있는 질 높은 장애이해교육 자료를 지속적으로 개발 보급할 필요가 있다. 여섯째, 장애이해교육활동 시기가 대부분 학기 초나 장애인의 날과 같은 특성 기간에 집중되어 있으며 실시하는 시간 또한 대부분 재량활동시간에 집중되어 있다는 점이다. 이와 같이 장애이해교육을 특정 기간에 집중적으로 실시할 경우 교육의 효과가 지속적으로 나타나기 어렵고 일회성 행사에 그칠 수 있기 때문에 가급적 연중 계획을 세워 실시할 수 있는 방안을 마련해야 할 것이다. 일곱째, 장애이해교육을 할 때 사용하는 모델이 시각장애, 청각장애 및 지체부자유 같은 특정 장애영역 중심으로 되어 있다는 점이다. 그런데 대부분 교육현장에는 이러한 장애보다는 발달장애학생이 많기 때문에 이들에 대한 이해교육이 보다 중요하게 다루어져야 할 것이다. 끝으로 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과를 토대로 장차 보다 깊이 있게 다루어져야 할 내용과 정책 결정시 고려해야 될 내용을 중심으로 제언하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 통합교육이 효과적으로 이루어지기 위해서는 무엇보다도 장애학생과 통합교육에 대한 긍정적인 인식이 필요하다. 장애학생의 통합을 위해 물리적인 편의시설과 설비, 교재 교구의 확보도 중요하지만 함께 교육활동에 참여하는 학생과 교직원 그리고 지역사회가 장애학생과 통합교육에 대해 보다 긍정적인 인식을 갖도록 다양한 노력을 기울여야 할 것이다. 둘째, 현장 중심의 다양한 통합교육관련 프로그램을 개발 보급할 필요가 있다. 일반교육 현장에서의 보다 효과적인 통합교육을 실시하는데 도움이 되는 연구 프로젝트를 다양하게 제안하고, 통합학급교사와 특수교육교사의 협력방안과 장애학생 가족지원 방안 등에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 셋째, 현장교사와 심층면담 결과 장애이해교육에 필요한 자료를 어디에서 구입해야 되는지 알 수 없다고 하는 교사가 많았다. 따라서 기존의 장애이해교육 자료를 활용할 수 있는 도서 목록이나 자료집을 발간하여 현장에서 보다 쉽게 활용할 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다. 넷째, 설문조사와 면담 결과 아직까지도 장애이핵육의 필요성을 느끼지 못하거나 시간이 없어 장애이해교육을 실시하지 못한다는 교사도 있었다. 따라서 장애이해교육의 필요성에 대한 안내와 교육현장에서 장애이해교육이 지속적으로 이루어질 수 있는 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of disability awareness education and develop materials to teach secondary school students to understand disabilities. In order to achieve the purpose a survey and interviews were conducted to 208 teachers of secondary inclusive schools. The results of the research areas follows. First, school administrators' perception tends to be not positive about disability awareness education. Therefore, there are difficulties in time allocation and implementation of disability awareness education at schools. Measures are needed to improve school administrators' perception to encourage them to support disability awareness education. Second, difficulty in allocating time for disability awareness education is a problem which hinders the implementation of disability awareness education. Special education inspectors or KISE(Korea Institute for Special Education) need to provide directions to time allotment for disability awareness education. Third, most of current disability awareness education is for students without disabilities. Disability awareness education for parents, teachers and administrators lacks in quantity and quality. Therefore, development of various materials and teaching methods for disability awareness education that are appropriate for teachers, parents and school administrators should be developed and continuous concern should be followed. Fourth, there are not various types of materials for disability awareness education for different groups of people. Though different contents or methods work for different groups, most schools actually use the same materials for students, parents and teachers. Various types of materials should be developed to provide efficient disability awareness education for different groups of people. Fifth, materials for disability awareness education lack in quantity and also the quality of current materials is not considered satisfactory. More materials of good quality should be developed and disseminated to the field successively. Sixth, the time for disability awareness education is concentrated on specific times such as the beginning of a school year or the Day for the disabled. Disability awareness education is implemented mostly during discretionary activities classes at schools. It is difficult to expect sustained effects of the education when it happens only at specific times of a year and in specific classes. It is encouraged that schools should set up plans for disability awareness education throughout the year. Seventh, the current disability awareness education tends to concentrate on specific disability category such as visual impairment, hearing impairment or physical disabilities. However, students with developmental disabilities are found more often at schools than the students with disabilities mentioned earlier. Therefore, disability awareness education about developmental disabilities should be regarded as more important. Based on these results here are some suggestions which need to be considered for further research and policy making. First, a positive attitude on disability and inclusive education is most important for successful implementation of inclusion. Besides convenient facilities and materials for the disables students various efforts should be exerted to promote disability awareness of students, school staff and community. Second, various programs related to inclusive education need to be developed and disseminated. Research projects and programs to support inclusive education such as programs to promote collaborative among regular educators and special educators and family support for students with special needs should be carried out in the field. Third, teachers said that they had no information about where they could get materials for disability awareness education in the interviews. Handbooks with lists of materials need to be developed and provided. Fourth, the result shows that there are teachers who do not understand reasons for disability awareness education or can not find time for disability awareness education. Therefore, guidance of the reasons for disability awareness education and measures for disability awareness education at schools should be continuously provided in efficient ways.

p-Anisaldehyde가 조골세포 분화에 미치는 영향

김경민 ․ 이도원 ․ 김현준 ․ 김아랑 ․ 장원구 대구대학교 산업기술연구소 2018 産業技術硏究 Vol.29 No.2

p-Anisaldehyde is a natural fragrance extracted from Pimpinella anisum L., and used as a preservative. This study examined the effect of p-anisaldehyde on osteoblast differentiation. First, cytotoxicity tests were carried out after examining the concentrations that did not show toxicity to the cells. The expression of osteoblast differentiation marker gene was confirmed by RT-PCR and was not effective in the treatment with p-anisaldehyde alone. However, p-anisaldehyde decreased the expression levels of inhibitor of differentiation-1 (Id1), distalless related homeobox (Dlx5), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), which are osteogenic differentiation marker genes, which are increased in osteogenic condition. alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was also confirmed by ALP staining that p-anisaldehyde reduced ALP activity. These results show that p-anisaldehyde is effective in reducing osteoblast differentiation.

장기적 트립토판 결여식이 생쥐의 유해감각예민도에 미치는 영향

서영대,박제민,김명정,전명호,양구범,장세헌,강철중,김정태,김용식 대한생물치료정신의학회 2000 생물치료정신의학 Vol.6 No.1

The depressive patients can be divided into two subgroups by presence and absence of pain symptoms. Those without pain symptoms have blunted pain sensitivity whereas those with pain have normal range of pain sensitivity, and are clinically characterized by anxiety and irritability. The aim of the study is to test if these clinical profiles of the depressives with pain symptoms are related with reduced level of brain serotonin(5-HT). Forty four mice were randomly divided into two groups : one group to be bred with tryptophan free diet and the other with normal control diet, each for 4 weeks. Before the beginning of the breeding period, measured were locomotor activity by open field test, anxiety by elevated plus maze and nociceptive sensitivity by tail flick test, before and after forced swimming(FS). During each FS, duration of immobilization was also measured. The sable sets of measurements were repeated at the end of the breeding period. The brain 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The results were as follows 1.Four weeks of tryptophan free diet reduced significantly body weight, brain weight, and levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the whole brain. 2.Tryptophan depletion did not influence basal nociceptive sensitivity as measured by tail flick latency before FS. The normal blunting of the pain sensitivity induced by forced swimming was preserved in the tryptophan depleted group. 3.Tryptophan depletion did not influence general locomotor activity in open field. 4.Tryptophan depletion increased significantly time spent on the open arms at the elevated plus maze test done before FS. This anxiolytic-like effect was reduced by FS. 5.Tryptophan depletion did not influence duration of immobilization during FS. From these results, it is suggested that the genesis of the depression with pain symptoms is not medicated by quantitative reduction of brain serotonin

체중감량기간이 심폐기능에 미치는 영향

손상필,이성윤,이장구,김명기 한국스포츠리서치 2001 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.12 No.4

Investigate the effects of weight reduction period on cardiovascular before weight loss and during recovery, 10 wrestlers of C and S high shool in Seoul performed 7% weight reduction consisting of 4 days short-term and 20 days long-term weight loss program. And the following results were drawn: 1. Maximum oxygen intake during recovery shoed significant differences in both short-term and long-term weight reduction(p<0.05) and between short-term and long-term weight reduction(p<0.05). 2. AT shoed significant differnces in long weight reduction(p<0.05). And AT during recovery shoed significant differences between short-term and long-term weight reduction(p<0.05). Base on above results, it suggests that long-term weight reduction program in better for 7% weight loss in view of cardiovascular ability.

인공 해수분위기에서 저탄소강의 부식특성에 미치는 합금원소 Cr, Co 및 W의 효과

심재주,유승재,최윤석,김정구,유장용 대한금속재료학회 2003 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.41 No.12

The aqueous corrosion characteristics of 1% Cr-steel alloyed with small amounts of Co and W, in synthetic seawater was studied by using immersion weight-loss tests, electrochemical corrosion tests (potentiodynamic test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements) and analytical techniques. 1% Cr steels containing Co or W from 0.2 to 0.4 wt.% showed higher corrosion resistance than the 1% Cr steel in the immersion and potentiodynamic tests. EIS measurements showed that the Nyquist plot presented one time constant. Furthermore, the Co- and W-bearing steels present higher Rp values than the 1% Cr steel through all the test period. The better corrosion resistance of the Co-and W-bearing steels is attributed to protectiveness of the surface layer. The corrosion products were examined using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results of EPMA indicated that Cr was concentrated in the inner region of the rust layer, while Co and W were distributed all over the rust layer. XPS results showed that Co existed as a trivalent oxide in the rust layer and W in the rust appeared in the form of a WO₄ compound.

Physicochemical Properties and Freshness of Spent Hen's Meat under Frozen or Refrigeration Conditions after Thawing

Gu, Hyo-Jung,Gu, Ja-Gyeong,Park, Jung-Min,Yoon, Su-Jin,Lee, Jeong-Soo,An, Ji-Hui,Kim, Jang-Mi,An, Byoung-Ki,Kang, Chang-Won,Kim, Jin-Man Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2012 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.32 No.4

This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of storage temperature abuse on the freshness of refrigerated and frozen spent hen's meat. After a room temperature storage condition, two different storage temperature were followed: refrigeration and frozen storage. All parts of the spent hen's meats were thawed at 4 d intervals up to 3 times (2, 6, and 10 d) for 24 h. The level of bacteria on the different parts of the refrigerated and frozen meats was higher than 6 Log CFU/g under the following storage conditions: refrigerated - breast, 12 h; leg, 6 h; wing, 12 h at the $1^{st}$ analysis, frozen - breast, 12 h at the $2^{nd}$ analysis; leg, 24 h at the $1^{st}$ analysis; wing, 12 h at the $1^{st}$ analysis. The pH value for the leg meat was higher than breast and wing meats. In the color measurements, under the room temperature storage condition, lightness and redness values decreased but the yellowness increased in refrigerated meats (p<0.05). The K-value regarding refrigerated leg meats exceeded 60%, which is the threshold value to evaluate the degree of freshness, during the $1^{st}$ analysis (p<0.05). The VBN value of refrigerated leg meat was the highest and reached up to 96.93 mg%. Thus, studies regarding the possible decline in quality according to the change of storage temperature could be used in order to establish a basic database for the quality control of spent hen meat being traded with other countries.

Oscillator Design and Fabrication using a Miniatured Hairpin Resonator

Jang-Gu Kim,Sok-Kyun Han,Hyung-Ha Choi 한국항해항만학회 2004 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.28 No.4

In this papers, an S-band oscillator of the low phase noise property using a miniaturized micro-strip hairpin shaped ring resonator is presented. The substrate has a dielectric constant εr=3.5, a thickness h=0.508 mm, and loss tangent tan δ=0.002 A designed and fabricated oscillator shows low phase noise performance of 99.71 ㏈c∕㎐ at 100 ㎑ offset frequency and of output power 19.584 ㏈m at center frequency 2.450 ㎓. This circuit was fabricated with hybrid technique, but can be fully compatible with the MMIC due to its entirely planar structure.

BMP2 Protein Regulates Osteocalcin Expression via Runx2-mediated<i>Atf6</i>Gene Transcription

Jang, Won-Gu,Kim, Eun-Jung,Kim, Don-Kyu,Ryoo, Hyun-Mo,Lee, Keun-Bae,Kim, Sun-Hun,Choi, Hueng-Sik,Koh, Jeong-Tae American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2012 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.287 No.2

Mass-based metabolomic analysis of soybean sprouts during germination

Gu, E.J.,Kim, D.W.,Jang, G.J.,Song, S.H.,Lee, J.I.,Lee, S.B.,Kim, B.M.,Cho, Y.,Lee, H.J.,Kim, H.J. Applied Science Publishers 2017 Food chemistry Vol.217 No.-

We investigated the metabolite profile of soybean sprouts at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4days after germination using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS) to understand the relationship between germination and nutritional quality. Data were analyzed by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and sprout samples were separated successfully using their PLS-DA scores. Fifty-eight metabolites, including macromolecular derivatives related to energy production, amino acids, myo-inositol metabolites, phytosterols, antioxidants, isoflavones, and soyasaponins, contributed to the separation. Amino acids, myo-inositol metabolites, isoflavone aglycones, B soyasaponins, antioxidants, and phytosterols, associated with health benefits and/or taste quality, increased with germination time while isoflavone glycosides and DDMP soyasaponins decreased. Based on these metabolites, the metabolomic pathway associated with energy production in soybean sprouts is suggested. Our data suggest that sprouting is a useful processing step to improve soybean nutritional quality, and metabolomic analysis is useful in understanding nutritional change during sprouting.