Crosslinked anion exchange membranes with primary diamine-based crosslinkers for vanadium redox flow battery application

Cha, Min Suc,Jeong, Hwan Yeop,Shin, Hee Young,Hong, Soo Hyun,Kim, Tae-Ho,Oh, Seong-Geun,Lee, Jang Yong,Hong, Young Taik Elsevier 2017 Journal of Power Sources Vol.363 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A series of polysulfone-based crosslinked anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with primary diamine-based crosslinkers has been prepared via simple a crosslinking process as low-cost and durable membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). Chloromethylated polysulfone is used as a precursor polymer for crosslinked AEMs (CAPSU-x) with different degrees of crosslinking. Among the developed AEMs, CAPSU-2.5 shows outstanding dimensional stability and anion (Cl<SUP>−</SUP>, SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP>, and OH<SUP>−</SUP>) conductivity. Moreover, CAPSU-2.5 exhibits much lower vanadium ion permeability (2.72 × 10<SUP>−8</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> min<SUP>−1</SUP>) than Nafion 115 (2.88 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> min<SUP>−1</SUP>), which results in an excellent coulombic efficiency of 100%. The chemical and operational stabilities of the membranes have been investigated via ex situ soaking tests in 0.1 M VO<SUB>2</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP> solution and in situ operation tests for 100 cycles, respectively. The excellent chemical, physical, and electrochemical properties of the CAPSU-2.5 membrane make it suitable for use in VRFBs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The crosslinking between polymer chains are constructed by 4,4′-diaminobenzophenone. </LI> <LI> The crosslinked AEMs were fabricated by commercial polysulfone (PSU; Udel<SUP>®</SUP> P-3500). </LI> <LI> The crosslinked AEM based on PSU indicated good chemical and dimensional stability. </LI> <LI> The performance of crosslinked AEM showed high EE (86%) with high capacity retention. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Ether-free polymeric anion exchange materials with extremely low vanadium ion permeability and outstanding cell performance for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) application

Cha, Min Suc,Jo, Sang Woo,Han, Seung Hui,Hong, Soo Hyun,So, Soonyong,Kim, Tae-Ho,Oh, Seong-Geun,Hong, Young Taik,Lee, Jang Yong Elsevier 2019 Journal of Power Sources Vol.413 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Ether-free poly(<I>p</I>-phenylene)-based anion exchange membrane materials with outstanding vanadium ion blocking properties are reported. The synthesized ionomers with a rigid backbone structure show small dimensional variations despite the high ion exchange capacities. Among the synthesized membranes, the QPPP-2 membrane with ion exchange capacity of 2.1 meq·g<SUP>−1</SUP> exhibits high anion (OH<SUP>−</SUP>, SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP>, and Cl<SUP>−</SUP>) conductivity. The QPPP-2 membrane shows an extremely low diffusion coefficient (2.12 × 10<SUP>−9</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> min<SUP>−1</SUP>) for VO<SUP>2+</SUP>, which is much lower than that of Nafion 115 (2.88 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> min<SUP>−1</SUP>), indicating the vanadium ion blocking property of QPPP-2. Moreover, the chemical and operational stabilities of the membranes are investigated <I>via</I> ex situ soaking tests in 0.1 M VO<SUB>2</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP> solution and in situ operation tests for 100 cycles, respectively. The vanadium redox flow battery single cell assembled with the QPPP-2 membrane exhibits a coulombic efficiency of 99%, voltage efficiency of 87%, and energy efficiency of 86% during 100 cycles at 80 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>. The excellent chemical, morphological, and electrochemical properties of the QPPP-2 membrane make it suitable for use in vanadium redox flow battery.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> AEMs are fabricated by a Ni(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. </LI> <LI> The synthesized ionomers indicated excellent dimensional and chemical stability. </LI> <LI> Ether-free polymeric AEMs showed extremely low vanadium ion cross over. </LI> <LI> The performance of developed AEM showed high EE (87%) with high capacity retention. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Lactobacillus pentosus 발효에 의한 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물의 항산화 및 세포보호 효과

박소현 ( So Hyun Park ),성준섭 ( Joon Seob Seong ),이건수 ( Keon Soo Lee ),박영민 ( Young Min Park ),현송화 ( Song Hua Xuan ),차미연 ( Mi Yeon Cha ),강희철 ( Hee Cheol Kang ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ) 대한화장품학회 2017 대한화장품학회지 Vol.43 No.3

본 연구에서는 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 70% 에탄올 추출물과 발효균주 Lactobacillus pentosus를 이용하여 발효시킨 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 발효추출물에 대하여 항산화 및 세포보호 효과를 측정하였다. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)를 이용한 자유라디칼 소거 활성(FSC₅₀)은 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물 및 발효추출물이 각각 42.3 및 34.5 μ g/mL로 발효 후의 라디칼 소거활성이 약 18.4% 더 높게 나타났다. Lumiol-의존성 화학발광법을 이용한 Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂계에서의 총 항산화능(OSC₅₀) 평가에서도 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물과 발효추출물은 각각 2.6 및 2.5 μ g/mL로 발효 후가 약 4.2% 정도 더 높은 총 항산화능을 나타냈다. ¹O₂로 유도된 적혈구 세포손상에 있어서 추출물 및 발효추출물의 세포 보호 효과(τ₅₀)는 50 μ g/mL에서 각각 126.4 및 173.0 min을 나타내어 발효 후 세포 보호 효과가 약 34.0% 더 높게 나타났다. 발효추출물은 지용성 항산화제로 알려진 (+)-α-tocopherol (43.4 min)보다도 3.9배 높은 세포 보호 활성을 보여주었다. 사람 섬유아세포인 Hs68을 대상으로 elastase 저해 활성을 조사하였다. Elastase 저해 활성(IC₅₀)은 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물과 발효추출물에서 각각 873.6 및 687.8 μ g/mL로 발효 후에 elastase 저해 활성이 약 21.3% 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과들은 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 발효추출물이 항산화 작용과 더불어 주름개선 효과를 가지는 천연 화장품 소재로써 응용 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. In this study, the antioxidant activities, cellular protective effects, and inhibitory effects on elastase of non-fermented and fermented extracts of Parthenocissus tricuspidata (P. tricuspidata) stem using Lactobacillus pentosus were investigated. The free radical scavenging activities (FSC₅₀) of non-fermented and fermented extracts were 42.3 and 34.5 μg/mL, respectively, in which the activity after fermentation was approximately 18.4% higher. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities (OSC₅₀) in Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂ system of non-fermented and fermented extracts were 2.6 and 2.5 μg/mL, respectively. The activity after fermentation was approximately 4.2% higher. In the ¹O₂-induced cellular damage of erythrocytes, the cellular protective effects (τ₅₀) of non-fermented and fermented extracts were 126.4 and 173.0 min at 50 μg/mL, respectively. The activity after fermentation was approximately 34.0% higher. The effect of fermented extract was 3.9 times higher than (+)-α-tocopherol (τ₅₀ = 43.4 min), known as a lipophilic antioxidant at 50 μg/mL. The inhibitory effect of elastase was investigated to predict the anti-wrinkle efficacy using Hs68 human fibroblasts cells. The elastase inhibitory activities (IC₅₀) of non-fermented and fermented extracts were 873.6 and 687.8 μg/mL, respectively, and the activity after fermentation was approximately 21.3% higher. These results indicated that fermented extract of P. tricuspidata stem has potentials as natural cosmetic ingredients with antioxidant and anti-wrinkle effect.

PbO-SiO_2계 유리에서의 유동 특성

차재민,김웅식,송현진,이병철,류봉기 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 2002 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.61 No.-

유리에 관한 연구에 있어 점도는 가장 중요한 특성중의 하나로 여겨지며, 용융 상태, 작업 온도, 서냉 온도 또는 결정화 속도에 등과 같은 인자와도 크게 관계가 있다. 특히 각기 다른 조성을 가진 유리에서도 점도는 매우 다양하며, 온도에 크게 영향을 받는다. PbO-SiO_2 이성분계 유리에서는 PbO가 첨가됨에 따라 점도의 온도의존성이 커지고 표면장력이 감소하였다. 온도와 시간에 따른 spreading ratio를 비교한 결과 PbO의 함량이 증가함에 따라 유동성이 증가하였고 온도에 따른 유동성의 증가율도 크게 증가하였다. 그리고 일정한 온도에서 시간의 경과에 따른 유동성의 증가율은 감소하였다. The viscosity of a glass is one of the most important properties. It determines the melting conditions, the temperatures of working and annealing, fining behavior and devitrification rate. The viscosities of different glasses vary enormously with composition and are strong functions of temperature. On adding PbO in the PbO-SiO_2 binary system, the temperature dependence of the viscosity was large, the surface tension decreased. In the temperature and time dependence of spreading ratio, the spreading ratios of glass increased with increase PbO content and the rate in its increase decreased with time at constant temperature.

위암의 근치절제술 후 생존율과 예후인자

차윤정,박진영,장정환,김성환,김권천,조현진,민영돈 조선대학교 2001 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.26 No.1

Background and Objectives: Gastric cancer is still the leading cause of cancer death in Korea, and surgery remains the only method of treatment that offers the potential for a cure. Purpose: The aims of this study are to examine the outcome of the patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent curative resection and to identify the prognostic factors leading to improved survival rates in these patients. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 278 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, treated curatively at the Chosun University Hospital between January 1990 and December 1994, were reviewed retrospectively from January 2000 to March 2000. Follow-up was obtained for 250 patients(89.9%). The survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the significance of differences between patient factors(age and sex), tumor factors(location, size, gross type, tumor depth, lymph node metastasis, and stage) and treatment factors(operation method and reconstruction type) were evaluated statistically by the log-rank test. Results: The overall five-year survival probability was 59.6%. There was no survival difference according to age and sex. The 5-year survival rates according to the tumor depth were 97.0% for Tl, 74.5% for T2, 39.6% for T3, and 23.1% for T4(p=0.0000); to the lymph node metastasis were 81,4% for N0, 51.9% for N1, and 21.2% for N2(p=0.0000); to the TNM stage were 96.7% for stage I a, 79.5% for stage I b, 68.8% for stage II, 52.9% for stage III a, 25.9% for stage III b, and 7.5% for stage IV(p=0.0000). Other statistically significant differences were shown in tumor location, size, gross type, operation method, and reconstruction type after subtotal gastrectomy. Conclusion: The most definitive prognostic factors affecting the survival rate of gastric adenocarcinoma were tumor depth, lymph node metastasis, and tumor stage. The keys to successful outcome includes early diagnosis and curative resection with radical lymph node dissection at early stage as possible.

수학과 교육과정 실제 및 분석

김민경,노선숙,유현주,조성민,차인숙 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2001 교과교육학연구 Vol.5 No.1

21세기 지식기반사회는 자기 주도적으로 정보를 처리하고 해석하며 판단하는 능력과 지적 가치를 창조할 수 있는 능력을 길러주는 학교수학 교육을 요구하고 있다. 이에 수학교육과정에 담겨져야 할 수학적 지식의 구조․내용․범위, 지식기반 사회에 적합한 수학과 교수-학습, 평가, 교사역할 등 역시 새로운 관점에서 재조명될 필요가 있으며, 이러한 연구는 학교 현장에 대한 이해에서 출발하고 개인의 필요성과 사회의 요구를 반영한 것이어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지식기반사회에 대비하기 위한 수학과 교육과정 개발 연구의 기초 단계로 교사, 학생, 학부모를 대상으로 현장 설문 조사를 전국 규모로 실시하였다. 설문 조사는 Goodlad의 학교 교육과정 탐구의 개념적 구도를 바탕으로 한국 교육의 실정을 반영하여 설계되었다. 수학 교육과정 실체의 다양한 국면을 조사하기 위한 설문 내용은 목적 및 목표, 교과내용, 교수-학습방법, 평가, 수학적 지식의 성격, 교육정보화, 교사교육, 사교육, 교육과정일반으로 구성되었다. 본 고에서는 Goodlad의 교육과정 탐구모형과 그 모형에 기초하여 작성된 본 연구의 수학교육과정 탐구모형, 실시된 설문조사의 방법 및 절차를 소개하였고, 설문조사의 주된 결과를 토대로 수학교육과정 개발연구에의 시사점을 찾고자 하였다. This study is to provide suggestions for the development of better mathematics curriculum model of Korea based on a national survey of teachers (527), students (1314), and parents (638). It is our belief that understanding the perceptions and experiences of those involved in the process of teaching and learning of mathematics education needs to be the first priority in any effort to explore better mathematics curriculum model. For the study, Goodlad's conceptual system for curriculum inquiry has been used, but modified to take into account Korean context and the nature of mathematics curriculum. In this paper we introduce the Goodlad's curriculum inquiry model and mathematics curriculum inquiry model based on the Goodlad's conceptual system as well as the survey process. We made few recommendations from the main results of the survey for the research and development of mathematics curriculum model in Korea.

초전도체-부도체 상전이에서의 에너지 gap의 유한크기 축척

김현수,차민철 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2001 이학기술연구지 Vol.3 No.-

온도 0 K 에서 일어나는 초전도체-부도체 상전이를 에너지 gap을 통해 연구해 본다. 이를 위해 boson Hubbard 모델과 대등한 (2+1)차원의 고전적인 모델을 택하여 몬테칼로 시늉내기를 한다. 기존의 연구에서는 주로 초유동체 stiffness를 측정하여 임계지수 값들을 구하였는데, 본 연구에서는 입자 개수에 따른 에너지 차이를 유한크기 축척이론을 통해 분석하여 임계지수를 구한다. 이 방법을 이용하여 3d XY점에서 상관관계거리 임계지수 값을 측정한 결과, 잘 알려진 값 υ?0.67을 얻을 수 있었다. We have investigated the energy gap near the zero-temperature superconductor-insulator transiton obrained by Monte Carlo simulations of the (2+1)d classical model which is equivalent to the boson Hubbard. While in the previous studies mostly the superfluid stiffness is measured. in this work we have measured the energy gap as the number boson is changed and analysed it through a finite-size scaling theory. Through this new approach. we can obtain the well known value υ?0.67 as the correlation length critical exponent at the 3d XY transition poinr.

퉁퉁마디로부터 색소체 외막 단백질 유전자의 분리 및 발현분석

네티 엘마와티,차준영,양영실,정민희,신동진,이병현,이곤호,손대영 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2004 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2004 No.-

Complementary DNA encoding chloroplast outer envelope membrane protein (OEP) from the halophyte Salicornia herbacea has been cloned and sequenced. The full length cDNA is 596 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 91 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 8.9 kDa. The expression level of ShOEP increased by salt, drought and ABA treatments. ShOEP expression was largely induced in roots and shoots by high salts. The biological function of ShOEP was examined by yeast complementation. ShOEP can suppress Na+ sensitivity of yeast mutant (cnbΔ) in the presence of salt. These results suggest that ShOEP is a salt inducible gene and may have functions in the regulation of plant salt stress.

데이터 글러브를 이용한 손 제스처 기반 3차원 게임 구현

유다연,권차욱,곽지민,백화현,김이조,차경애 대구대학교 정보통신연구소 2010 情報通信硏究 Vol.7 No.1

데이터 글러브(Data Glove)는 손 제스처를 정의하여 시스템을 제어하는 입력장치로 가상현실기술 및 교육, 의료, 산업분야에서 많이 사용되고 있다. 이는 가상현실 속에 존재하는 사물을 현실에서 제어하게 함으로써 사용자에게 마치 현실 세계의 사물을 제어하는 느낌을 주는 장점을 가지고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 이러한 데이터 글러브의 장점을 이용하여 3차원 게임에 적용시키는 방법을 제안한다. 먼저 데이터 글러브로 제스처를 정의하고, 트래커(Tracker)와 연동하여 시스템을 구현한다. 구현된 시스템을 실험하기 위해서 OpenGL로 인형 뽑기 게임을 구현하고 사용자가 데이터 글러브를 착용 후 정의된 제스처를 통해 게임을 제어하도록 한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법은 사용자들에게 좀 더 높은 몰입감을 제공하며, 향후 게임 산업 발전에도 많은 영향을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

파트너십에 의한 지하철 입구 공간의 쌈지공원 설계 및 시공

김승환,강현우,손용욱,박승범,남정칠,이기철,차민준 東亞大學校 建設技術硏究所 2009 硏究論文集 Vol.32 No.2

A pocket park is valued in securing green space in downtown and improving urban view in the aspect of natural and environmental values, and it signifies a lot as the center of local residents’ community and harmony as well. Since subway exits and surroundings that have high portions in taking up street space due to lack of green space in downtown aren't made full use of, valuable pocket park place. Dangni Pocket Park of subway exits is a park completed with cooperative works and partnership by students, specialists, administrative organizations, businesses and civilian organizations, etc. without support of special budget. The study site was finally chosen to the space between exit No.1 of Dangni subway station, after analyzing the surrounding circumstances, availability and accessibility of the space among the several subway station exits of Saha, Dangni, and Hadan Station in Busan Metropolitan city. For the designing process, The Citizens organization for Million Amenity Park performed the planning and project proceeding, and 19 design drafts were proposed during the class of landscape architecture in Dong-a University. Design review panel members discussed to select the best draft in practical and authentical, and the related experts reviewed and revised to present the final design plan. The construction was conducted was performed under the cooperation between the civil, authorities, and industrial organizations, among which Saha District office managed for the waste treatment and maintenance matters. The graduates of landscape architecture department of Dong-a University and related industrial enterprises supplied landscape materials and related labors, were supported by 20 members of GPM, one of clubs of Dong-a University volunteered durig the most of construction progress, completing the Pocket Park of subway exits through partnership.