16MDRAM급 NMOS 트랜지스터의 전원전압, 채널길이와 기판농도

이희국,김정규 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1991 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.7 No.-

The power supply voltage and the channel length of an NMOS transistor used for 16MDRAM have been investigated. The maximum effective channel length which does not degrade operating speed of an inverter greatly, is calculated for power supply voltages and the life time of the NMOS transistor also estimated in terms of power supply voltages and channel lengths. As results, short channel length and low power supply voltage are effective in the operating speed and the life time. Short channel effects are optimized experimentally by varying substrate doping concentrations. Minimum channel length of the transistor is achieved to be 0.8㎛ from the results of punchthrough voltages and the optimum p-well does to be 4.5E12cm² from the results of DIBL and snap-back voltages.

수중 기계식 폭기기의 현장조건에서 산소전달율 평가

이국희,김종수,이범구 선문대학교·중소기업기술지원연구소 1998 선문공대 연구/기술 논문집 Vol.3 No.1

천안 제3산업단지 폐수처리장 시운전 연구

김종수,이국희,서준원 선문대학교 ·중소기업기술지원연구소 1999 선문공대 연구/기술 논문집 Vol.4 No.1

천안 제3산업단지 폐수종말처리장의 초기 시운전 3개월 동안 각 처리공정의 처리효율을 분석하고 조속한 정상운전을 위한 연구가 수행되었다 실제기준보다 낮은 유입수의 유량과 수질로 인하여 폐수종말처리장 각 처리공정의 효율은 낮은 것으로 나타났으나 설계기준에 부합되는 유입수가 유입되는 경우 총괄직 처리효율은 방류수 수질기준을 만족할 수 있는 것으로 판단된다 폐수종말처리장이 정상적으로 가동되기 위하여 유입수의 유량과 수질이 만족되어야 하며 매립지 침출수의 투입에 의한 빈부하의 방지는 질소와 인의 부하량을 높여주기 때문에 공정의 변형이 요구된다 폐수종발처리장에 적용되는 환경영향평가상의 방류수 수질기준을 만족하기 위하여 추가의 제거공정이 필요하며 산업 단지 입주업체의 증가는 유기물 부하를 높일 수 있으나 정상가동을 위하여 적절한 수질분석이 이루어져야 한다 The start-up operation of wastewater treatment plant at Chunan 3rd industrial complex was carried out to accelerate steady-state operation by evaluating each treatment process for three months The significantly lower values of flow rate and biodegradable organic matter in influent than those of design criteria significantly affected the performance of the treatment plant, however, the treatment plant would be able to satisfy the effluent discharge limits if the characteristics of influent met design criteria The combined treatment of leachate from municipal solid waste landfills to prevent low organic loadings required the variation of plant processes for additional removal of N and P due to eutrophication of receiving waterbody. Additional process would be required to meet the stringent effluent discharge limits by environmental impact statement. Since the number of dischargers at the industrial complex is expected to grow, regular analysis of water quality is required for effective treatment of wastewater

금강유역 수질오염 실태조사

최신석,오희목,강명규,조통래,이규승,유종국,이영하 忠南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1988 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.1

조사 구역 상류 지점의 평균 수질은 pH가 7.1, DO가 8.3mg/ℓ, BOD가 1.7mg/ℓ, COD가 1.7mg/ℓ, SS가 15.4mg/ℓ, 분변성 대장균이 1.1x10³ MPN/100ml고 상수원 수 1급 내지 2급의 양호한 상태이고 하류지점의 수질은 pH가 6.8, DO가 7.7mg/ℓ, BOD가 2.2mg/ℓ, COD가 2.4mg/ℓ, 분변성 대장균이 1.7x10³MPN/100ml로 상수원 수 2급 내지 3급의 상태를 나타내 하류로 내려가면서 오염도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 청주시의 영향을 크게 받는 미호천 하류의 평균수질은 pH가 7.2, DO가 6.3mg/ℓ, BOD가 16.2mg/ℓ, COD가 15.1mg/ℓ, 분변성 대장균이 1.6x10??MPN/100ml로 심각한 오염 상태를 보여 청주시와 대전시가 금강 본류의 주 수질 오염원으로 나타났다. 영양 염류 (NH₃-N, NO₂-N, NO₃-N, PO₄-P)와 무기성 유해 성분 (Cl-, CN-, F-)의 함량은 지천의 일부 지점을 제외하고는 극히 낮은 수준으로 검출되었으며, 유기인, 페놀류, PCB 성분은 조사기간 중 전혀 검출되지 않았다. 또한 Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb, Cd, Hg등의 중금속은 검출되지 않거나 하천 수질 기준 또는 식용수 수질 기준의 허용치를 초과하지 않는 양호한 수준으로 나타났다.

<tex> $f_{\max}$</tex> Improvement by Controlling Extrinsic Parasitics in Circuit-Level MOS Transistor

Hee-Sauk Jhon,Jae-Hong Lee,Jaeho Lee,Byoungchan Oh,Ickhyun Song,Yeonam Yun,Byung-Gook Park,Jong-Duk Lee,Hyungcheol Shin IEEE 2009 IEEE electron device letters Vol.30 No.12

<P>In this letter, <I>f</I> <SUB>max</SUB> improvement of a circuit-level radio-frequency (RF) transistor with systematic layout variations is presented in deep-submicrometer CMOS technology. We confirmed that the circuit-level MOS transistor has a tradeoff among the extrinsic capacitive and resistive parasitics (<I>C</I> <SUB>gd</SUB>, <I>C</I> <SUB>gs</SUB>, and <I>Rg</I>) on circular gate metal layers. Furthermore, it reduces the extrinsic <I>C</I> <SUB>gd</SUB> and <I>Rg,</I> which have great effect on the RF performance, simultaneously. For qualitative analysis of the capacitive coupling, which attributed to undesired extrinsic capacitance, capacitive coupling paths were separately defined as two cases, namely, direct capacitive coupling and indirect capacitive coupling. Some of the key small-signal parameters were also extracted and compared with different types of transistors, and they show a good match with the observed trends. The proposed layout exhibits the improvement of <I>f</I> <SUB>max</SUB> up to ~ 21% without <I>fT</I> variation compared to a reference device due to reduced extrinsic <I>Rg</I> and <I>C</I> <SUB>gd</SUB> parasitics by changing the number of gate contacts and gate-to-drain interconnection lines.</P>

Performance Evaluation of Anaerobic Bioreactors and Effects of Ammonia on Anaerobic Digestion in Treating Swine Wastewaters

( Gook Hee Lee ),( Jun Won Seo ),( Jong Soo Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2006 한국환경농학회지 Vol.25 No.3

The operational characteristics of anaerobic bioreactors in treating swine wastewater were evaluated upto hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1 day and organic loading rate (OLR) of 5.1 ㎏-COD/㎥·d for 200 days. The bioreactors were effective in treating swine wastewaters with COD removal efficiency of 78.9~81.5% and biogas generation of 0.39~0.59 ㎥/㎏-CODr at OLR of 1.1~2.2 ㎏-COD/㎥·d. The two-stage ASBF anaerobic bioreactors was effective in treating different characteristics of swine wastewaters since they showed high and stable COD removal efficiency at high OLR due to effective retention of biomass by media and staging. The effects of ammonia on anaerobic digestion were investigated by operating two-stage ASBF reactors using swine wastewaters as influent without and with ammonia removal at HRT of 1~2 days and OLR of 2.2~9.6 ㎏-COD/㎥·d for 250 days. The COD removal efficiency and biogas generation of two-stage ASBF reactors was decreased by increasing influent ammonia concentrations to 1,580 ㎎ (T-N)/L with increasing OLR to 6.3 ㎏-COD/㎥·d, while those were increased by maintaining influent ammonia concentrations below 340 ㎎ (T-N)/L by MAP precipitation with increasing OLR to 9.6 ㎏-COD/㎥·d. Initial inhibition of ammonia on anaerobic processes was observed at a concentration of 760 ㎎ (T-N)/L and the COD removal efficiency and biogas generation dropped to 1/2 at ammonia concentration ranges of 1,540~1,870 ㎎ (T-N)/L. It is essential to remove ammonia in swine wastewaters to an initial inhibition level before anaerobic processes for the effective removal of COD.

십이지장 제2부에 전이된 자궁경부암 1예

이화영,손희정,이규택,김재준,백승운,이종균,이준혁,고광철,이풍렬,이종철,손정일,서연림,전성국 대한소화기내시경학회 1997 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.17 No.1

In Korea, careinoma of the cervix is the most common malignancy in women annually affecting 25 per every 100,000 female. The widespread use of the Papanicolaou smear has resulted in earlier detection of the tumor and a reduction in the number of patients with advanced disease, but the incidence of cervix. carcinoma is still the fifth most common malignancy in the world. Cervical carcinoma spreads to the small bowel primarily by direct extension from involved lymph nodes, most commonly from peraaortic or mesenteric nodes to the serosa of the bowel. But, the involvement of small bowel by cervical carcinoma is so rare, and shows a maximum incidence of small bowel involvement of less than 1.5%. We report a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix metastases to the second portion of the duodenum in whom the diagnosis was made by endoscopic biopsy of the lesion.

Comparison of Pyrolysis Patterns of Different Tobacco Leaves by Double-Shot Pyrolysis-GC/MSD Method

Lee, Chang-Gook,Lee, Jae-Gon,Jang, Hee-Jin,Kwon, Young-Ju,Lee, Jang-Mi,Kwag, Jae-Jin,Kim, Soo-Ho,Sung, Yong-Joo,Shin, Chang-Ho,Kim, Kun-Soo,Rhee, Moon-Soo The Korean Society of Tobacco Science 2008 한국연초학회지 Vol.30 No.2

In this paper, we describe our study on the characterization of tobacco leaves by their pyrolysis patterns. Two kinds of tobacco leaves were pyrolyzed and analyzed by Double-Shot Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (Py-GC/MS) methods. Three grades of Korean flue-cured tobacco leafsuch as B1O, AB3O, CD3L and burley tobacco leaves such as B1T, AB3T, CD3W were pyrolyzed with six discrete but stepwise heating temperature ranges, those are from 100$^{\circ}C$ to 150$^{\circ}C$, 150$^{\circ}C$ to 200$^{\circ}C$, 200$^{\circ}C$ to 250$^{\circ}C$, 250$^{\circ}C$ to 300$^{\circ}C$, 300$^{\circ}C$ to 350$^{\circ}C$ and finally from 350$^{\circ}C$ to 400$^{\circ}C$. Using the resultant 52 pyrolytic components identified in the programs as components, principal component analysis (PCA) showed statistical classification between flue-cured and burley tobacco lamina. Among six pyrolysis temperature ranges, the best discrimination was achieved at the temperature range from 250$^{\circ}C$ to 300$^{\circ}C$ and from 300$^{\circ}C$ to 350$^{\circ}C$.

Two-Faults Detection and Isolation Using Extended Parity Space Approach

Lee, Won-Hee,Kim, Kwang-Hoon,Park, Chan-Gook,Lee, Jang-Gyu The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2012 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.7 No.3

This paper proposes a new FDI(Fault Detection and Isolation) method, which is called EPSA(Extended Parity Space Approach). This method is particularly suitable for fault detection and isolation of the system with one faulty sensor or two faulty sensors. In the system with two faulty sensors, the fault detection and isolation probability may be decreased when two faults are occurred between the sensors related to the large fault direction angle. Nonetheless, the previously suggested FDI methods to treat the two-faults problem do not consider the effect of the large fault direction angle. In order to solve this problem, this paper analyzes the effect of the large fault direction angle and proposes how to increase the fault detection and isolation probability. For the increase the detection probability, this paper additionally considers the fault type that is not detected because of the cancellation of the fault biases by the large fault direction angle. Also for the increase the isolation probability, this paper suggests the additional isolation procedure in case of two-faults. EPSA helps that the user can know the exact fault situation. The proposed FDI method is verified through Monte Carlo simulation.

Characteristics of Biochar and Its Effects on Fluvio-Marine Deposit Soils at Reclaimed Tidal Lands

Sanghun Lee(이상훈),Hee-Soo Bae(배희수),Soo-Hwan Lee(이수환),Seon-A Hwang(황선아),Kyeong-Ok Lee(이경옥),Jong-Gook Kang(강종국),Hong-Kyu Kim(김홍규),Seon-Woong Hwang(황선웅),Kyeong-Bo Lee(이경보) 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2013 No.5