補中益氣湯 투여가 장거리 달리기 선수의 에너지 및 전해질 대사에 미치는 영향 : changes in the energy and electrolyte metabolism among long distance runners

송순기,금동호,오재근,이명종 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1998 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.7 No.1

스포츠 과학 분야에서는 운동 선수들의 경기력 향상과 운동 피로의 신속한 회복을 도모하기 위하여 한약을 복용하고 그 효과와 유의성에 대하여 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 격심한 운동을 수행할 때 나타나는 Glucose 등 에너지원의 고갈, Lactate 등 대사 산물의 축적, 전해질의 불균형 등의 여러 제반 증상이 氣虛로 인하여 나타나는 전신의 증후와 유사하다고 생각하여 補中益氣湯을 투여한 후 인체의 대사 변화를 관찰함으로서 운동수행능력에 미치는 영향과 유의성을 평가하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 장거리 달리기 선수를 대상으로 2주간의 補中益氣湯의 투여가 에너지 대사 및 전해질대사에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 최대심박수의 70% 강도의 운동을 실시한 후 운동전 안정시, 운동 직후, 휴식 후 10분, 휴식 후 30분, 휴식 후 1시간으로 나누어 혈액검사를 하였을 때 나타나는 각종 변인의 반응 양상을 비교 분석하여 유의한 결과를 얻었다. 혈중 에너지 대사에서는 free fatty acid와 Lactate 반응에서 유의성 있는 차이가 나타났고, 전해질대사에서도 Na^(+), Cl-와 K^(+) 반응에서 모누 유의성 있는 차이를 나타냈다. 그러므로 補中益氣湯은 에너지 및 전해질 대사에서 유의성있는 변화를 나타내었으며 운동수행능력의 향상에 유효하였다. Objective This experimental study was designed to investigate effects of Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang administration among long distance runners on changes of the energy and electrolyte metabolism. Materials and Methods All subjects were divided randomly with two groups, Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang Group (N=4) and control group (N=4) and performed to run the 400m track with 70% of HR max about 1 hour. The blood samples were collected from antecubital vein by 5㎖ syringes at before exercise, immediateIy after exercise, recovering- 10 min, recovering-30 min, recovering-1 hour. These sampie were used to analyze for the factors of the changes on metabolic responses. Firest, the primary factors on the changes of the energy metabolism were checked ; Glucose, Free fatty acid, Lactate, LDH. Second, the primary factors on the changes of the electroIyte metabolisrn were checked ; Na^(+), Cl^(-), K^(+). Results 1. The change of the energy metabolism 1) Glucose response was not shown significant difference between two groups. 2) Free fatty acid response in Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang group was significantly increased at recover-10 min. 3) Lactate response in Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang group was significantly decreased at immediately after exercise, recover-10 min, recover-30 min. 4) LDH response was not shown significant difference between two groups. 2. The change of the electrolyte metabolism 1) Na^(+) response in Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang group was shown significant difference between two groups at before exercise. 2) C^(-) response in Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang group was significantly increased at before exercise, immediately after exercise. 3) K^(+) response in Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang group was significantly increased at recover-10 min. Conclusion According to the above results, it was shown that Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang had the positive effects on changes of the energy and electrolyte metabolism for the long distance runners.

[논문]부산 시내 터널 내 총분진 농도 조사

구동철,문지용,정기호 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 2004 環境硏究報 Vol.22 No.-

The Survey of Dust Levels in Tunnels Located in Busan Metropolitan City

초음파 가이드를 통한 맥락막상강출혈의 치료

이기헌,유재호,김태원,이상준,김신동 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.1

Purpose : Intraoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage is one of the most serious complications. We report a case of suprachoroidal hemorrhage during phacoemulsification surgery, was managed properly. Methods : Suprachoroidal hemorrhage occurred during phacoemulsificaiton in other hospital. The patient was referred to our department immediately after closing the surgical wound. On initial examination, iris and vitreous were prolapsed through surgical wound. Ciliary body was closely place to anterior chamber, and retina was not visible. Results : Prolapased ocular tissue were reduced by emergency operation. We controlled the patient’s intraocular pressure and inflammation. Ultrasonography was repeatedly performed to check the degree of liquefaction of suprachoroidal hemorrhage. After 9 days of suprachoroidal hemorrhage onset, vitrectomy and drainage through sclera was performed. Postoperative state was stable with successful removal of suprachoroidal hemorrhage. After 2 weeks of secondary operation, retinal detachment has occurred on nasal retinal area, so we performed scleral buckling and endolaser photocoagulation. After 6 months, retina was attached well and intraocular pressure was in normal range. Conclusion : In suprachoroidal hemorrhage, drainage of suprachoroidal hemorrhage after liquefaction of thrombi is effective. After successful drainage, postoperative complications may accompany such as retinal detachment or elevation of intraocular pressure. 목적 : 술중 발생하는 맥락막상 출혈은 매우 심각한 합병증이다. 저자는 수정체 유화술 중에 발생한 맥락막상 출혈을 적절히 대처한 증례를 보고하는 바이다. 대상과 방법 : 수정체 유화술 중 발생한 맥락막상강 출혈환자가 수술창을 봉합 후 즉시 본원으로 전원되었다. 초진시 홍채와 유리체가 수술창을 통해 탈출되어 있었으며, 전방을 통해 모양체가 확인되었으나, 망막은 보이지 않았다. 탈출된 안구내 조직을 응급수술을 통해 복원 후 환자의 안압과 염증을 조절하였다. 초음파를 반복적으로 실시하여 맥락막상 출혈의 액화 정도를 확인하였으며, 출혈 9일 후 유리체 절제술과 공막을 통한 배액술을 시행하였다. 결과 : 맥락막상 출혈이 성공적으로 제거되었으며 술 후 상태는 안정적이었다. 수술 2주 후 비측 망막 박리가 발생하여 공막돌륭술과 안구내 삽관 레이저술을 시행하였다. 6개월 후 망막은 잘 붙어있었으며, 안압은 정상 범위를 유지하였다. 결론 : 맥락막상 출혈의 경우 출혈의 배액 시기를 결정하는 것이 어렵지만, 규칙적인 초음파를 통해 배액술의 시기를 결정할 수 있다. 또한 맥락막상강 출혈의 성공적인 배액 이후에도 망막박리 및 안압상승과 같은 합병증의 동반에 대해 유념해야한다.

상악 제1대구치 근심협측 치근의 근관계에 관한 연구

조동현,최호영,박상혁,최기운 大韓齒科保存學會 2003 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.28 No.3

This study is to investigate the canal system in the mesiobuccal root of the maxillry first molar. 61 maxillary first molars were randomly selected. Serial transverse sections were made perpendicular to the long axis of the mesiobuccal root. Each section was placed in 3% sodium hypochlorite for 24 hours and rinsed in water and dried. The resected surface was stained with 2% methylene blue dye and examined with stereomicroscope. 1. Canal configuration analysis showed that 36.1% of the specimen classified as type Ⅰ, 16.4% as type Ⅱ, 37.7% as type Ⅲ and 9.8% as type Ⅳ. 2. Type Ⅱ canal was merged in one canal within 1 to 4mm of the apex. 40% of type Ⅱ cnal coverged at 2mm of the apex. 3. Type Ⅳ canal was divided into two canal within 2 to 4mm of the apex. 66.6% of type Ⅳ canal branched off at 2mm of the apex. 4. None of the sections had more than two main root canal. 5. 48.4% of the sections in 3mm with two canals contained an isthmusand more than 70% with two canals has isthmus at 4 to 5mm sections. 63.9% of the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molar had two canaland 76.% of sections with two canals in 5MM had an isthmus. Because of this complexity the clinician should always search for extra canal carefullyand root canal system, including an isthmus, should be cleaned and shaped completelyand obturated three dimensionally for successful endodontic treatment.

섬유강화 고분자 복합재료 사출성형품의 섬유배향상태

이동기,심재기,김진우 한국공작기계학회 2005 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Injection molding is the most widely used process for the industrial forming of plastic articles. During an injection molding process of composites, the fiber-matrix separation and fiber orientation are caused by the flow of molten polymer/fiber mixture. As a result, the product tends to be nonhomogeneous and anisotropic. Hence, it is very important to clarify the relations between separation. orientation and injection molding conditions. So far, there is no research on the measurement of fiber orientation using image processing. In this study, the effects of fiber content ratio and molding condition on the fiber orientation-angle distributions are studied experimentally. Using the image processing method, the fiber orientation distribution of welding parts in injection-molded products is assessed. And the effects of fiber content and injection mold shapes on the fiber orientation in case of fiber reinforced polymeric composites are studied experimentally.

支準率과 通貨量에 대한 實證分析

최선기,장동학 천안대학교 2002 천안외국어대학논문집 Vol.- No.2

This article has examined closely the standard multiplier model of the money supply process of Korea, specifically questioning the view that the adjusted monetary base multiplier is independent of the policy actions of the currency and thus, depends on a number of factors that are unrelated to the demand for checkable deposits. And because the stock of checkable deposits has been more closely tied to the quantity of reserves supplied by the central banks, changes in monetary policy result in changes in the ratio of currency to checkable deposits and consequently, changes in the multiplier. Theoretical and empirical considerations suggest that the multiplier has never been independent of policy. the elimination of reserve requirements on some non-transaction accounts and the extension of central banks reserve requirements to all depository institutions has greatly increased the association between checkable deposits and reserves. These changes have increased significantly the association between changes in monetary policy actions and changes in the multiplier. That the multiplier is affected by policy actions suggests that money stock control using the multiplier model would be enhanced by taking into account the effect of policy actions on the multiplier.

구리와 철분말의 사출성형 및 소결

이혁기,이동희,장경옥 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1991 논문집 Vol.23 No.2

The mixtures of Cu or Fe powders and microcrystalline wax as binder were extruded into the long wire by metal injection molding method and sintered after debinding at different conditions. In the case of coarse(33㎛) and irregular Cu powders, the mixture containing 50 vol% wax was suitable for the uniform mixing and forming when injected at 70℃. Binder in coarse Cu powder mixtures was removed at 300℃ for 10 hours. On the other hand, for the spherical and fine Fe powders(4㎛) 30 vol% wax was appropriate and 78% of wax was removed at 400℃ for 1 hour. The density of sintered Cu specimens reached up to 73% of full density when sintered at 1000℃ for 1 hour, but that of Fe specimens was observed to be as high as 97% when sintered at 1200℃ for 1 hour after the optimum debinding.

정신과 입원 환자에서 난폭 행동 예측 인자에 관한 연구

김기현,이성동,최용성 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.6

연구목적: 정신과 입원 환자에서 난폭 행동의 발생을 예측하는데 있어 초기 치료동맹과 정신병리의 유용성을 전향적인 연구 방법을 통해 평가함으로써 정신과 입원 환자의 난폭 행동을 예방하는데 기여하고자 하였다. 방 법: 1998년 1월 1일부터 1998년 11월 30일까지 성안드레아 정신병원에 입원한 환자(알코올 의존 및 행동 장애 환자는 배제함) 중에서 105명을 연구 대상으로 선택하였다. 입원 후 5일 이내에 대상 환자의 난폭 행동의 과거력, 초기 치료동맹 및 정신병리를 평가하였으며, 입원 기간 초기 2주 동안에 난폭 행동의 발생 여부를 추적 조사하였다. 난폭군(38명)과 비난폭군(67명)을 비교하여 사회 인구학적 변인, 난폭 행동의 과거력, 초기 치료동맹, 정신병리 등이 정신과 입원 환자의 난폭 행동을 예측하는데 유용한지를 평가하였다. 결 과: 1) 난폭 행동의 과거력이 있는 환자에서 입원 후 난폭 행동의 발생 빈도가 유의미하게 높았다. 2) 입원 후 초기 치료동맹이 약한 경우에는 입원 초기에 난폭 행동이 유의미하게 많이 나타 났다. 3) BPRS의 하위 척도 중에서 BPRS-철퇴-지체(withdrawal-retardation)의 점수가 낮고, BPRS-초조-흥분(agitation-excitement)과 BPRS-적개심-의심(hostile-suspicious)의 점수가 높을 수록 난폭 행동의 발생 빈도가 높았다. 4) 변인들을 통제하는 다중로짓분석 결과, 입원 전 난폭 행동의 과거력, 초기 치료동맹, BPRS-초조-흥분(agitation-excitement) 척도의 점수 등이 정신과 입원 환자에서 난폭 행동의 발생을 예측하는 인자로서 의미가 있었다. 결 론: 특정 정신병리와 초기 치료동맹이 입원 초기에 정신과 입원 환자의 난폭 행동을 예측하는데 유용하다고 생각된다. Objectives: The goal of this study was to predict the factors related to psychiatric inpatients` violence in a mental hospital. This was follow-up study to assess the psychopathology of patients and the quality of the initial therapeutic alliance between the patient and the therapist, as a predictor of the risk of violent behavior. Methods: The subjects were 105 psychiatric inpatients admitted to St. Andrews` Neuropsychiatric Hospital from January 1998 to November 1998, but alcohol dependent patients and conduct disorder patients were excluded. Within the first five hospital days, we rated past history of violence, patients` psychopathology using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and quality of initial therapeutic alliance. We also evaluated violent behaviors using Overt Aggression Scales during the two weeks before admission and during the two weeks of hospital stay and compared the 67 non-violent ingatients with 38 violent ingatients on the utility of socio-demographics variables, past history of violence, utility of the initial therapeutic alliance and psychopathology in evaluating the risk of violent behaviors. Multiple logistic analysis was conducted to analyze risk factors for violent behaviors. Results: 1) The violent inpatients significantly were more closely related with the previous history of violent behavior. 2) The weaker the initial therapeutic alliance were, the significantly higher violent behavior exhibited. 3) Violent behavior was related significantly with higher BPRS-agitation-excitement factor score and higher BPRS-hostile-suspicious factor score. Violent behavior also was related with lower BPRS-withdrawal-retardation factor score. 4) According to the multiple logistic analysis, the predictors of violent behavior were past history of violence and initial therapeutic alliance and BPRS-agitation-excitement factor. Conclusions: The results suggest that initial therapeutic alliance and the specific psychopathology ane useful in evaluating patients` risk for violence.

액-액 평형에서 첨가제의 영향에 관한 연구

서진기,정상훈,박동원 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1996 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.2

The experimental binodal curves and tie lines were determined for solvent-5% KF salt solution-1 propanol systems at 25℃, and those tie line data were used to test thermodynamic consistency. From experimental data of tie line, the parameter estimated using NRTL and the caculated values fo tie line were predicted. The effect of KF salt on liquid-liquid equilibria was also studied.

三成分系의 液-液平衡에서 鹽效果에 관한 硏究

朴東源,徐珍棋,林鎭男 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1988 硏究報告 Vol.12 No.1

The binodal curve for following systems : benzene-water-n-propanol, benzene-5%NaCl salt solution-n-propanol, n-butyl acetate-water-n-propanol, and n-butyl acetate-5%NaCl salt solution-n-propanol were determined at 25℃. From these binodal curves, tie line and plait point were determined. The consistencies of experimental tie line data were tested using Othmer-Tobias and Eisen-Joffe equations. The parameters in the UNIQUAC model and the calculated values of tie line were predicted. the distribution and the selectivity were determined for each salt concentration, and salt effect on ternary system were examined.