Experimental evidence of hydrogen-oxygen decoupled diffusion into BaZr_0.6Ce_0.25Y_0.15O_3-δ

Lim, D.K.,Im, H.N.,Jeon, S.Y.,Park, J.Y.,Song, S.J. Elsevier Science 2013 ACTA MATERIALIA Vol.61 No.4

The electrical properties of BaZr<SUB>0.6</SUB>Ce<SUB>0.25</SUB>Y<SUB>0.15</SUB>O<SUB>3-δ</SUB> (BZCY) were studied as a function of both oxygen partial pressure (-2.65≤log(P<SUB>O'2</SUB>atm<SUP>-1</SUP>)≤-0.62) and water vapor activity (-3.33≤log(P<SUB>H'2O</SUB>atm<SUP>-1</SUP>≤-1.3)) in the temperature range of 973-1073K. The total conductivity slightly increased in reducing atmospheres with increasing water vapor activity because of the relative contribution to the total conductivity by the redox reaction at the given thermodynamic conditions. The partial conductivities of protons, holes and oxygen vacancies were successfully calculated, and the activation energy determined for proton transport was 0.3+/-0.1eV. The chemical diffusivity of oxygen at a fixed water vapor activity, D~<SUB>vO</SUB>, could only be evaluated from Fick's second law during oxidation and reduction at the fixed water vapor activity. However, twofold nonmonotonic conductivity relaxation behaviors were clearly confirmed in the temperature range investigated during hydration/dehydration. If P<SUB>O'2</SUB> represents the fixed oxygen partial pressure, D~<SUB>iH</SUB> is the hydrogen chemical diffusivity at P<SUB>O'2</SUB> and D~<SUB>vH</SUB> is the oxygen chemical diffusivity at P<SUB>O'2</SUB>, it was observed that D~<SUB>iH</SUB>>D~<SUB>vH</SUB> at all experimental conditions, suggesting that the hydrogen chemical diffusion is always faster than oxygen on hydration/dehydration in the temperature range studied.

계분과 당밀을 첨가한 볏짚 Silage 의 품질과 사료적 가치 1 . Silage 의 발효 품질

고영두(Y . D . Ko),송영민(Y . M . Song),곽종형(C . H . Kwack),김두환(D . H . Kim) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.3

This study was carried out to increase nutritional value of rice straw as a ruminant roughage. Rice straw with different formular of broiler manure and liquid molasses was ensiled and evaluated by laboratory method. Rice straw was mixed at three levels of broiler manure(20, 30 and 40%, w/w) and with three levels of molasses(0, 5 and 10%, w/w). To evaluate the characteristics of silage fermentation, effects of broiler manure and molasses on chemical composition, pH, nitrogen contents, fermentation acids and microflora of the silage were measured. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. In the silages without molasses, crude protein, ether extract, NDF, ADF, total-N, acetic acid and lactic acid were decreased as the level of broiler manure was increased, while pH, crude fiber, NFE, NH₃-N and butyric acid were increased. 2. In the silages with both broiler manure and molasses, the contents of crude protein and ether extract were increased as the broiler manure and molasses were increased up to 40% and 5%, respectively, while the contents of crude fiber and NFE were decreased. With the silage with higher level of molasses, contents of NDF, ADF, acetic acid, lactic acid and total-N were increased, while the contents of moisture, butyric acid and NH₃-N were decreased. 3. Significant correlation coefficients were found between crude protein and NH₃-N (r=-.60**), crude protein and pH (r=-.82*), crude protein and lactic acid (r=.82**), crude protein and acetic acid (r=.53**), NH₃-N and lactic acid (r=-.63**), NH₃-N and acetic acid (r=-.48*), pH and lactic acid (r=-.82**), pH and acetic acid (r=-.55**), and pH and NH₃-N (r=.87**). 4. In order to estimate crude protein (Y^_ep), lactic acid (Y^_L) and pff (Y^_PH) with the levels of broiler manure (X1) and the levels of molasses (X2), the following multiple regression equations were drawn; Y^_cp = 11.236 + .047 X1 + .563 X2 (R²=.547 with X1, .549 with X2) Y^_L = 1.992 - .019 X1 + .310 X2 (R²=.794 with X1, .790 with X2) Y^_PH = 4.290 - .033 X1 - .127 X2 (R²=.619 with X1, .493 with X2) 5. The silages with broiler manure and molasses produced 10^5-6 cells/g silage total viable bacteria and 10^8-9 cells/g silage lactic acid bacteria. The numbers of both bacteria were increased ss the level of broiler manure and molasses were increased. The silages without molasses produced 10²cells/g silage coliform bacteria. However. the number of coliform bacteria was negative in the silages with molasses.

200 GeV/핵자 유황이온과 핵건판핵의 충돌에 의해 생성된 헬륨 파쇄핵의 극한파쇄 연구

김동철,송진섭,윤천실,정성헌,박인곤,김종오,김철수,김태연,이승희,조재희,천병구,김재률,김준원,김태익,박명렬,장한일,임인택 慶尙大學校 기초과학연구소 1992 基礎科學硏究所報 Vol.8 No.-

고에너지 중이온 원자핵과 핵건판의 충돌에서, 200GeV/핵자 유황이온에 의해 생성된 파쇄 헬륨핵(Z=2)의 실험실계의 방출각 분포는 표적핵에 무관한 회귀공식. dN=exp[a+k exp(η-y_b)]d[exp(η-y_b)]로 잘 표현된다. 여기에서 의사신속도 η=-ln[tan(θ/2)]이고, y_b는 실험실계의 입사입자(^32S)의 신속도이다. 이 공식에 의한 적합에서 k=-0.057±0.008로 얻어진다. 즉, 핵건판과 고에너지 중이온의 충돌에서 파쇄 헬륨핵의 exp(η-y_b)의 분포는 "극한파쇄" 현상을 잘 설명하고 있다. The angular distribution of emission angle θ of helium (Z=2) produced in the collisions of incident particles of 200 GeV/nucleon ^32S in nuclear emulsion is well expressed by dN=exp[a+k exp(η-y_b)]d[exp(η-y_b)] where the pseudorapidity is η=-ln[tan(θ/2)], the laboratory system primary rapidity is y_b, and k=-0.057+0.008. The shape of this frequency of occurrence distributions in terms of exp(η-y_b) attests to the validity of the concept of "limiting fragmentation" for helium projectile fragments produced in the projectile fragmentation regions of heavy ion collisions in nuclear emulsion.

Zn ion의 영향에 따른 $(Y,\;Zn)_2O_3$:$Eu^{3+}$ 적색 형광체의 발광특성

송영현,문지욱,박우정,윤대호,Song, Y.H.,Moon, J.W.,Park, W.J.,Yoon, D.H. 한국결정성장학회 2008 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.18 No.6

본 연구에서는 자외선 영역에서 발광하는 우수한 특성의 적색 형광체를 얻기 위하여 고상 반응법으로 air 분위기에서 $1200^{\circ}C$에서 6시간 동안 열처리하여 $(Y,\;Zn)_2O_3$:$Eu^{3+}$를 Zn 이온의 농도 변화에 따라 실험하였다. $(Y,\;Zn)_2O_3$:$Eu^{3+}$를 XRD에 의해 비교 분석한 결과 주요 peak들이 JCPDS card(No. 41-1105)와 거의 일치하는 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 Zn 이온치 농도가 5 mol% 이상일 때 XRD에서 ZnO의 peak이 관찰되는 것을 확인 하였다. 이로 인하여 Zn 이온의 농도가 5 mol% 이하일 때 불순물 상 없이 $Y_2O_3$ 구조에 잘 고용되는 것을 확인하였다. $(Y,\;Zn)_2O_3$:$Eu^{3+}$의 발광 peak은 여기 흡수 영역인 ${\lambda}ex=254\;nm$를 기준으로 612 nm 영역에서 $Eu^{3+}$ 이온의 $^5D_0{\rightarrow}^7F_2$에 전형적인 에너지 천이에 의해 가장 강한 발광 peak을 나타내는 것을 확인하였으나 Zn 이온의 농도가 10 mo1% 이상일 때 갑자기 발광 peak이 현저히 감소하는 것을 확인하였고 최대의 발광 peak을 가질 때 형광체의 조성은 $(Y_{0.95},\;Zn_{0.05})_2O_3$:$Eu^{3+}_{0.075}$이였고 입자 size는 $0.4{\sim}3{\mu}m$로 확인되었다. To enhance the luminescence properties, the red phosphor composed of $(Y,\;Zn)_2O_3$:$Eu^{3+}$ as doping concentration of Zn ion is synthesized at $1200^{\circ}C$ for 6 hrs in air atmosphere by conventional solid reaction method. As a result of the red phosphor $(Y,\;Zn)_2O_3$:$Eu^{3+}$ is measured X-ray diffraction (XRD), The main peak is nearly corresponded to the same as JCPDS card (No. 41-1105). When the doping concentration of Zn ion is more than 5 mol%, However, the ZnO peak is showed by XRD analysis. Therefore, when the doping concentration of Zn ion is less than 5 mol%, the Zn ion is well mixed in $Y_2O_3$ structure without the impurity phases. The photoluminescence (PL) properties is shown as this phosphor is excited in 254 nm region and the highest emission spectra of $(Y,\;Zn)_2O_3$:$Eu^{3+}$ has shown in 612 nm region because of a typical energy transition ($^5D_0{\rightarrow}^7F_2$) of $Eu^{3+}$ ion. As the doping concentration of Zn ion is more than 10 mol%, the emission peak is suddenly decreased. when the highest emission peak as doping concentration of Zn ion is shown, the composition of this phosphor is $(Y_{0.95},\;Zn_{0.05})_2O_3$:$Eu^{3+}_{0.075}$ and the particle size analyzed by FE-SEM is confirmed from 0.4 to $3{\mu}m$.

운송하역 향상을 위한 Y/T 정차유도 프로토타입 장치 연구

김동훈(D. H. Kim),송준엽(J. Y. Song),차석근(S. K. Cha),강일용(I. Y. Kang),이승호(S. H. Lee) 한국정밀공학회 2009 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.10월

Tropane Spirohydantoin들의 합성 및 구조분석

정대일,이도훈,송주현,이용균,최순규,박유미,한정태 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 2006 硏究報告 Vol.28 No.1

The tropane ring system is an important substructure in a number of natural products and synthetic compounds of biological and medicinal importance. As a result of the significance of the tropane ring system, the purpose of this study is the synthesis of anticonvulsant compounds of new s tructure anticipated anticonvulsant activity. After we first synthesized the various N-substituted nortropinone derivatives, we prepared new nortropane alkaloids and nortropinone derivatives. Substantially, we tried several experiments to optimize reaction condition. The tropane spirohydantoins 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 were respectively synthesized by the treatment of corresponding N-substituted nortropinone with potassium cyanide and ammonium carbonate.

C-2와 C-2,4 위치에 치환된 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one 유도체 합성 및 구조분석

정대일,이도훈,송주현,이용균,최순규,박유미,한정태 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 2006 硏究報告 Vol.28 No.1

The tropane ring system is an important substructure in a number of natural products and synthetic compounds of biological and medicinal importance. As a result of the significance of the tropane ring system, the purpose of this study is the synthesis of anticonvulsant compounds of new structure anticipated anticonvulsant activity. After we first synthesized the various N- substituted 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one derivatives. We prepared now 2-substituted nortropinones. 2-Substituted 8-aza- bicyclo [3.2.1]octan-3-ones were obtained from diluted NaOH concentration(0.01N NaOH) in similar method of synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ones 23, 24, 25 were respectively synthesized by the reaction of corresponding N-substituted 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one with corresponding aldehyde in presence of 5N-NaOH solution in ethanol and dichloromethane at room temperature. Substantially, we tried several experiments to optimize reaction condition. Continuously, the synthesis and anticonvulsant activity evaluation of a new class of 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one derivatives are in progress and will be reported in future.

대학생의 인터넷중독 및 스마트폰 중독 정도와 미술 치료 인식에 대한 조사 연구

박혜원,송승윤,윤하영,이경현,이소영,이지원,진예은,최시온,허은서,황다빈,신주현,이인영 이화여자대학교 간호학회 2018 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.52

Purpose: Investigate the level of Internet and smart phone addiction of college students and difference of their perception on the art therapy. Method: Data was collected using 4 categories of questionnaires. Participants of this study were 383 college students who are currently attending universities located in seoul, Kyung-Ki and Incheon. The Chi-square test, One-way Analysis of Variance, Scheffé test were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 Result: First, the study has established that the status of attending universities, grade, people who living with, age affected the level of Internet addiction of college students. In terms of the level of smart phone addiction of college students, the status of attending universities, gender, age were the affective factors. Second, there was a significant difference on the perception of the advantages of the art therapy and the level of acknowledging it, depending on the level of Internet addiction. Finally, depending on the level of smartphone addiction, there was a significant difference in the level of perception of the art therapy, expectation toward the art therapy and the helpfulness of art therapy. The more the participants are close to the addicted level, the more they want to experience the art therapy. Conclusion: These results suggest. First, it is necessary to use bigger group of participants. Second, it is necessary to improve the research methods for college students. Third, nurse should offer holistic care toward the patients regarding their general characteristics by adapting this study. Finally, it is necessary to improve the art therapy programs for the college students who are addicted to the Internet and smartphone and to develop researches proving the effectiveness of these programs.

Inactivation of 3-strain cocktail pathogens inoculated into Bajirak jeotkal, salted, seasoned, and fermented short-necked clam (Tapes pilippinarum), by gamma and electron beam irradiation

Song, H.P.,Kim, B.,Yun, H.,Kim, D.H.,Kim, Y.J.,Jo, C. Butterworths ; Taylor Francis ; Elsevier Science 2009 FOOD CONTROL Vol.20 No.6

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of gamma and electron beam irradiation of the food-borne pathogens including 3-strain cocktail of Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19114, 19115, and 19111), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538, 25923, and 29213), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (ATCC 17802, 33844, and 27969) in Bajirak jeotkal (8% salt), salted, seasoned and fermented short-necked clam, commercially available in the market. Irradiation (0.5, 1, 2, and 5kGy) significantly reduced the initial microbial level not only immediately after irradiation but also during storage at 10<SUP>o</SUP>C for 4 weeks (P<0.05). No viable cells were detected at 5kGy of irradiation at a detection limit of 10<SUP>1</SUP>CFU/g. Gamma irradiation was more effective than electron beam irradiation, and yielded D<SUB>10</SUB> values of 0.64, 0.63, and 0.29kGy for L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, and V. parahaemolyticus, and those of electron beam irradiation were 0.79, 0.81, and 0.36kGy, respectively. Results suggest that a low dose irradiation can improve the microbial quality and reduce the risk by the food-borne pathogens of Bajirak jeotkal, which has limited alternative sterilization methods due to the temperature characteristics of the products. Furthermore, in practical application, the irradiation source should be considered to obtain an effective dose for decontamination.

Photoluminescence properties and synthesis of nano-sized YAG: Ce³⁺ phosphor via novel synthesis method

Song, Y.H.,Choi, T.Y.,Masaki, T.,Senthil, K.,Yoon, D.H. Elsevier 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.2

This study reports an approach for enhancing the luminescent properties of Y<SUB>3</SUB>Al<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB>: Ce<SUP>3+</SUP><SUB>0.07</SUB> using an organic compound precursor. The Y<SUB>3</SUB>Al<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB>: Ce<SUP>3+</SUP><SUB>0.07</SUB> nano-sized phosphors had a relatively uniform particle size, approximately 50-80 nm, when sintered at 1200 <SUP>o</SUP>C for 1 h. The photoluminescence results showed the maximum peak intensity when the concentration of Ce<SUP>3+</SUP> ions was 0.07 mol. The results suggest that nano-sized phosphors synthesized from organic compound precursors can be used as alternative efficiency emitting phosphors in the LED applications.