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      • KCI등재

        60세 이상 환자에서 척추마취 동안 propofol을 이용한 진정 깊이 정도에 따른 수술 후 인지기능장애 발생

        이재우,강효석,백승민,박혜진,임태하 대한마취통증의학회 2015 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.10 No.3

        Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common perioperative complication. The definitive causes of POCD have not been identified, but depth of anesthesia or sedation has been reported to influence POCD. The purpose of the present study was to assess the possible effect of the level of sedation on POCD at 1 week after surgery under spinal anesthesia in elderly patients. Methods: We included 48 patients aged over 60 years, who were scheduled for elective knee and hip joint surgery under spinal anesthesia. Those patients were randomly allocated to one of the 2 groups: deep sedation group and light sedation group. The depth of sedation was monitored by entropy and observer’s assessment of alertness/sedation (OAA/S) score. Cognitive function was assessed by 5 neurocognitive tests before and at 1 week after surgery. A postoperative deficit was defined as a postoperative decrement to preoperative score greater than 1 standard deviation on any test. A patient whose postoperative performance deteriorated by 1 or more standard deviations on 2 or more tests was classified as having experienced POCD. Results: POCD occurred in 7 patients (28%) in the deep sedation group and in 4 patients (17.4%) in the light sedation group. The incidence of the POCD was not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusions: We were unable to detect a significant association between the depth of sedation and the presence of POCD at 1 week after surgery under spinal anesthesia.

      • Sons and Lovers에 관한 연구 : A devouring mother and Paul Morel devouring mother와 Paul과의 관계를 중심으로

        李宰雨 건국대학교 부설 중원인문연구소 1987 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

        This thesis is an attempt to research how the distorted love of a affects the life of two sons, especially how Paul comes to awaken to his self-awareness. Sons and lovers is for the most part a very accurate record of D.H. Lawrence's own early life. The novel has fifteen episodic chapters, divided into two parts. Part One deals with the Morel family home life, emphasizing social and historical influences. Paul, the protagonist, is not yet the main focus of the novel. The core of Part One is the story of Mr. and Mrs. Morel's failed marriage and the promise of the first son William's success in life. Part One ends with the death of William and Mrs. Morel's new hope in her younger son, Paul. Part Two begins the story of Sons and Lovers in terms of Paul's perceptions. Part Two, or the story of Parl's life, can only begin once the favored son William dies and Paul takes his place in his mother's heart. This section of the novel concentrates more on the conflicting inner feelings of its caracters than on the straightfoward, action-and detail-oriented realism of Part Pne. It also focuses on the battle between Miriam and mrs. Morel for Paul's soul. There are so many parallels between Sons and Lovers and Lawrence's own life as the son of an illiterate coal miner and his educated, socilly aspiring wife, that the novel can well be called autobiographical. In an autobiographical novel, the events in the story are closely based on the suthor's life. The core of the novel is based on the author's own experiences. All the major themes, conflicts, and characters of Sons andLovers have their real-life counterparts in Lawrence's own difficult childhiid adolescence. He hates his father and dreams of living exclusively with his mother. Gertrud has replaced her husband with her son. Paul has grave problems finding a satisfying relationship with any women other than his mother. He found that with his mother were strong for a successful relationship. Paul told his mother that as long as she lived he could not live a full life or love any women. She became ill and Paul dedicated his life completely to her. When his mother die. he hovers between the wish to join his mother in death and the desire to go on living. The last words of the novel…' "He walked towards the faintly humming, glowing town. Quickly." - Perhaps reflect his determination to keep a hold on life whatever the cost. Graham Hough, in his through 1956 study of Lawrence, The Dark Sun, agreed that Sons and Lovers "is a Catharsis, achieved re-living and actual experience re-living it over and over again. In this magnificent, and famous, last passage of Sons and Lovers, Lawrence describes Paul's reawakening to life from the blank and total despair of his grief for his mother.

      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        CAPD 87예에 대한 합병증과 생존율에 대하여

        이재우,이시래,박요한,김경진,홍관표,이승도,이충한,곽시영,육동민,최창필 대한신장학회 1987 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.6 No.1

        1) Peritonitis was the commonest complication. And the incidence was 1.35 episodes/patient/year. Catheter exit site infection, catheter lumen obstruction and catheter malposition were major mechanical complications in order of numbers. Transient hypotension developed in 10.3% of patients. 2) Gram stains of peritoneal dialysates were positive in 12.8% of samples. The positive culture rate of efflu- ents was 52.4%, of which 30% was gram positive cocci, 48% gram negative bacilli, and 22% fungi. 3) Catheter was removed in 31.2% of all patients. The commonest cause for the catheter removal was peritonits, which accounted for 58.6%. Among 9 cases of death, 3 patients died from non-treatment due to financial difficulties. 4) The incidence of peritonitis and other postoperative complications were stabilized at 9 months from the beginning of this study. Patient survival and technique success rate at the end of first year were 86% and 71.2% respectively.

      • KCI등재

        미국상장사의 인수에 대한 법률적 고찰

        이재우 국제거래법학회 2011 國際去來法硏究 Vol.20 No.2

        This article provides a general overview of legal considerations under U.S. federal securities laws and state corporate laws that would be of interest to a foreign acquiror seeking to acquire a U.S. listed company. Public mergers & acquisitions (“M&A”) transactions under U.S. laws differ significantly from private M&A transactions. In terms of the basic legal framework,in a public M&A transaction, U.S. federal securities laws generally govern matters such as disclosures required to be made to the target company’s shareholders,tender offers and proxy solicitations, while the applicable state law governs matters such as the rights and duties of the target company’s shareholders and board of directors in connection with the M&A transaction and the form of and procedural requirements for the merger. For the purposes of the article, discussions on state law focus on Delaware law. The article examines various types of public M&A transactions, such as (i)friendly (i.e., negotiated) versus hostile M&A transactions, (ii) different transaction forms (e.g., forward / reverse / subsidiary mergers), (iii) transactions using cash or stock consideration and (iv) one-step versus two-step mergers. In addition, the article discusses various defensive mechanisms which may apply to a U.S. listed company target under applicable state anti-takeover statutes,“poison pill” plans which may have been adopted by the target or other defensive measures (such as staggered board or supermajority approval requirements) that the target may have adopted in its charter documents. Next, the article discusses select procedural and substantive considerations which would be significant for the acquirer during negotiations with the target’s board of directors in a friendly deal, including a discussion on points to be considered at the stage of initial contact with the target and negotiation of preliminary agreements (e.g., confidentiality, standstill and exclusivity agreements). Greater focus is given to various deal protection provisions which are typically negotiated and included in the definitive merger agreement, including discussions on the legal background and significance of various such provisions and key negotiation points under Delaware law and recent market practice. Finally, the article summarizes the typical closing process for a public M&A transaction under U.S. laws following the execution of the definitive merger agreement,with a particular focus on the difference between a transaction structured as a one-step merger versus a two-step merger.

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