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효소처리에 의한 블루베리 음료 생산을 위한 최적추출조건
지유정,임무혁 한국식품저장유통학회 2017 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.24 No.1
In this study, we tried to establish the best method for fresh blueberry beverage production using enzyme treatment as well as low temperature extraction. During extraction of physiologically functional materials, we used low temperature to prevent nutritional loss by heat. In addition, we investigated optimal blueberry extraction conditions using various enzyme treatments (cellulase, pectinase, cellulase:pectinase (1:1) mixture) to increase extraction efficiency and reduce turbidity. A variety and ratio of enzymes, extraction temperature, extraction time, and shaking speed were considered for the best extraction efficiency rate. We observed high extraction efficiency rates of 85.72-86.55% and 87.06-87.93%, respectively, upon cellulase or pectinase treatment. In addition, a mixture of cellulase:pectinase (1:1) showed an extraction efficiency rate of 86.84-88.14%. The best extraction efficiency rate was observed when crude blueberry was treated at 45℃ (87.91%), for 3 h (87.88%), in a 90 rpm shaker (89.19%). Sugar content and acidity of blueberry extract were not affected by the various treatments. However, total phenolic compounds were detected upon pectinase treatment (18.62 mg/g). Only fructose and glucose as free sugars were found in all samples regardless of treatments and extraction conditions.
유정은,남지해,김영주,Youngsic Jeon,박영년 대한간암학회 2022 대한간암학회지 Vol.22 No.2
Background/Aim: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) has a dichotomous role, functioning as a tumor suppressor and tumor promoter. TGF-β signatures, explored in mouse hepatocytes, have been reported to predict the clinical outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients; HCCs exhibiting early TGF-β signatures showed a better prognosis than those with late TGF-β signatures. The expression status of early and late TGF-β signatures remains unclear in defined lesions of human B-viral multistep hepatocarcinogenesis. Methods: The expression of TGF-β signatures, early and late responsive signatures of TGF-β were investigated and analyzed for their correlation in cirrhosis, low-grade dysplastic nodules (DNs), high-grade DNs, early HCCs and progressed HCCs (pHCCs) by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: The expression levels of TGF-β signaling genes (TGFB1, TGFBR1, TGFBR2 and SMAD4) gradually increased with the progression of hepatocarcinogenesis, peaking in pHCCs. The expression of early responsive genes of TGF-β (GADD45B, FBP1, C YP1A 2 and CYP3A4) gradually decreased, and that of the late TGF-β signatures (TWIST and SNAI1) significantly increased according to the progression of multistep hepatocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, mRNA levels of TWIST and SNAI1 were well correlated with those of stemness markers, with upregulation of TGF-β signaling, whereas FBP1 expression was inversely correlated with that of stemness markers. Conclusions: The enrichment of the late responsive signatures of TGF-β with induction of stemness is considered to be involved in the progression of the late stage of multistep hepatocarcinogenesis, whereas the early responsive signatures of TGF-β are suggested to have tumor-suppressive roles in precancerous lesions of the early stage of multistep hepatocarcinogenesis.
강원도 원주시 초등학생 Small Round Structured Virus (SRSV) 유행발생 보고
고운영,신영학,유정식,지영미,김기순,윤재득 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.3
Small Round Structured Virus (SRSV) is a common cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis in developed countries. In 30 June 1999, a large number of gastroenteritis cases occurred among elementary school children in Wonju province, who had attended the summer camp from 28 to 30 June 1999. We interviewed those students and performed both bacteriological and virological examinations. The reported cases occurred from 30 June, peaked on 1 July and decreased from 2 July, which suggested the point source outbreak pattern. The attack rate was 22.5% according to the clinical case definition which is defined as those who have more than two symptoms among; vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. The most common symptom was diarrhea (48.0%), followed by abdominal pain (38.1%) and vomiting (17.1%). The duration of diarrhea was one to two days. Among the 352 stool examinations, all of the following organisms, Salmonella spp, Shigella app. and EHEC O157, were negative, and in virological examinations of 5 stool specimens for rotavirus, enterovirus, and SRSV, one specimen was positive for SRSV. Sequence analysis showed that detected SRSV was closely related to genogroup I. We concluded that SRSV might be the possible cause of this outbreak (Korean J Infect Dis 33:210∼213, 2001)