식민주의와 법학

이재승 ( Jae seung Lee ) 민주주의법학연구회 2011 민주법학 Vol.0 No.45

This article aims at reviewing colonialist legal ideologies and tackle critically methodological problems raised by legal historians concerning research of the Japanese colonial legal system. The modern international law justified the colonization of non-european worlds by the western Europe under the name of civilizing mission. The Japanese imperialism colonized Korea after its rapid industrialization. The Japanese Empire constructed the capitalist, authoritarian regime in Korea. Colonialist legal ideologies have had continuous bad influences upon the mentality of the Koreans, though the Korean Government had transformed widely the colonial enactments since 1948. Prof. Dr. Chulwoo Lee proposes an alternative quantitative conception of modernity against the normative essentialist one, intending to make a detour around the recent controversy between the colonial exploitation theory and colonial modernization theory. But his proposal does not seem to approach properly the normative view of modernity, because modernity in essence implies a holistic project which aspires to realize the normative ideal of civil society. The terms like ``colonial modernity`` or ``colonial modern law`` are seemingly paradoxical or ambiguous, but very useful to explain the characteristic features of the modern legal history in Korea. Prof. Lee also proposes to introduce the microscopic historical method for catching the legal interplays or games between ordinary people and colonial authority and to understand diversification of forms of colonial domination instead of a naive instrumentalist view of law. But Lee`s methodological proposal lacks in the appropriate structuralist perspective for analyzing colonial oppressive politico-legal structure. Alternatively, this essay reviews the application of Fraenkel`s Dual State Thesis to the Japanese colonial legal system. His theory which originally intended to explain the National-socialist political regime simultaneously offers a good perspective for the Japanese colonial legal system, but with some appropriate modifications.

1.5 Tesla 기기에서 중심주파수 조정과 송 신호강도(Transmission Gain)값 변화에 따른 인공물이 있는 자기공명영상의 질 보상에 관한 연구

이재승,구은회,박철수,이선엽,이한주,Lee, Jae-Seung,Goo, Eun-Hoe,Park, Cheol-Soo,Lee, Sun-Yeob,Lee, Han-Joo 한국의학물리학회 2009 의학물리 Vol.20 No.4

자화율(susceptibility) 및 강자성체(ferromagnetic body)에 의한 인공물(artifact) 영향을 줄이기 위하여 중심주파수(center frequency) 정렬과 송 신호강도(transmission gain)값의 변화로 영상의 질을 보상하고자 한다. 본원에 내원한 환자 중 총 30명에 대하여 두 경부(head and neck)질환을 의심한 환자 중 남자 15명, 여자 15명으로 평균나이는 45세이었다. 사용된 장비는 GE 1.5T unit (GE, General Electric medical system, High Density)를 사용하여 Transmission gain (TG) 값을 평균 몸무게 60 kg을 기준으로 70, 90, 110, 130, 150까지 변환하여 검사를 하였다(p<0.05). 본 연구의 결과로서, 조영제 주입 전과 후의 지방소거 결과는 TG (70, 90, 110, 130, $150=3.23{\pm}0.35$, $4.31{\pm}0.02$, $4.23{\pm}0.21$, $5.12{\pm}0.25$, $7.13{\pm}0.72$, $8.31{\pm}0.01$, $5.21{\pm}0.15$, $6.14{\pm}0.08$, $5.23{\pm}0.72$, $5.91{\pm}0.06$)값에 다른 점수 분포를 나타났다(p<0.05). 절대값 대조도대 잡음비는 (TG, CNRpre, CNRpost, 70: $-1.44{\pm}0.11$, $-2.7{\pm}0.04$, 90: $-2.18{\pm}0.42$, $-4.41{\pm}0.43$, 110: $-2.89{\pm}0.43$, $-5.23{\pm}0.02$, 130: $-2.34{\pm}0.05$, $-5.26{\pm}0.01$, 150: $-2.09{\pm}0.08$, $-3.87{\pm}0.12$)을 얻었다(p<0.05). 본 실험에서 중심주파수 조정과 송 신호강도(transmission gain)값의 변화에 따라 인공물이 있을 때 영상의 질을 보상할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. The purpose of this study is to compensate for susceptibility and a ferromagnetic body artifact using CFA and TGV on MR Imaging. A total of 30 patients (15 men and 15 women, mean age: 45 years) were performed on head and neck diseases. MR Unit used a 1.5T superconducting magnet (GE medical system, High Density). This study have investigated by changing with CFA and TGV (70, 90, 110, 130, 150) searching for compensation values about susceptibility and a ferromagnetic body artifact in 60 kg standards of body weight (p<0.05). As a quality results, Image qualities were obtained at different score from CFA and TGV (70, 90, 110, 130, $150=3.23{\pm}0.35$, $4.31{\pm}0.02$ $4.23{\pm}0.21$, $5.12{\pm}0.25$, $7.13{\pm}0.72$, $8.31{\pm}0.01$, $5.21{\pm}0.15$, $6.14{\pm}0.08$, $5.23{\pm}0.72$, $5.91{\pm}0.06$, p<0.05). Absolute CNRs (TG, CNRpre, CNRpost) were acquired with (70:$-1.44{\pm}0.11$, $-2.7{\pm}0.04$, 90:$-2.18{\pm}0.42$, $-4.41{\pm}0.43$, 110:$-2.89{\pm}0.43$, $-5.23{\pm}0.02$, 130:$-2.34{\pm}0.05$, $-5.26{\pm}0.01$, 150: $-2.09{\pm}0.08$, $-3.87{\pm}0.12$, p<0.05). In conclusions, this study could be compensated for metal and flow artifacts surrounding the tissues having artifact by changing CFA and TGV.

Synthesis and Characterization of the Mixed-valence $[Fe^{II}Fe^{III}BPLNP(OAc)_2](BPh_4)_2$ Complex As a Model for the Reduced Form of the Purple Acid Phosphatase

이재승,이호진,이강봉,허남회,Lee, Jae Seung,Jung, Dong J.,Lee, Ho Jin,Lee, Gang Bong,Heo, Nam Hoe,Jang, Ho G. Korean Chemical Society 2000 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.21 No.10

[Fe II Fe III $BPLNP(OAc)_2](BPh_4)_2$ (1), a new model for the reduced form of the purple acid phosphatases, has been synthesized by using a dinucleating ligand, 2,6-bis[((2-pyridylmethyl)(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)ami-no)methyl]-4-nitrophenol (HBPLNP) . Complex 1 has been studied by electronic spectral, NMR, EPR, SQUID, and electrochemical methods. Complex 1 exhibits two strong bands at 498 nm $(\varepsilon=$ 2.6 ${\times}10^3M-^1cm-^1)$ and 1363 nm $(\varepsilon=$ 5.7 ${\times}10^2M-^1cm-^1)$ in $CH_3CN.$ These are assigned to phenolate-to-FeIII and intervalence charge-transfer transitions, respectively. NMR spectrum of complex 1 exhibits sharp isotropically shifted resonances, which number is half of those expected for a valence-trapped species, indicating that electron transfer between FeⅡ and FeⅢ centers is faster than NMR time scale at room temperature. Complex 1 undergoes quasireversible one-electron redox processes. The $FeIII_2/FeIIFeIII$ and $FeIIFeIII/FeII_2$ redox couples are at 0.807 and 0.167 V ver-sus SCE, respectively. It has Kcomp = 5.9 ${\times}$10 1s(acetato) ligand combination sta-bilizes a mixed-valence FeIIFeIII complex in the air. Interestingly, complex 1 exhibits intense EPR signals at g = 8.56, 5.45, 4.30 corresponding to mononuclear high-spin FeⅢ species, which suggest a very weak magnetic coupling between the iron centers. Magnetic susceptibility study shows that there is a very weak antiferromag-netic coupling (J = $-0.78cm-^1$, H = $-2JS_1${\times}$S_2)$ between FeII and FeIII centers. Thus, we can suggest that complex 1 has a very weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the iron centers due to the electronic effect of the nitro group in the bridging phenolate ligand.

화해의 문법 -시민정치의 관점에서-

이재승 ( Jae Seung Lee ) 민주주의법학연구회 2011 민주법학 Vol.0 No.46

This article argues that the conception of the political reconciliation in the post-politicide societies should promote victims` rights to legal remedies and guarantees of non-occurrence of the political genocide or violences. This article centers upon the civic politics or citizens` collective subjectivity from the perspective of radical democracy instead of the traditional retributive justice or the alternative restorative justice concerning historical injustices. First, the reconciliation approach should take victims` personal feeling seriously, but more importantly, the political reconciliation should be distinguished from the direct personal reconciliation between victims and wrong-doers. For the latter might easily lose a sight of the dimension of the collective agency and responsibility of the ordinary citizens for state-sponsored violences. Meanwhile, the political reconciliation focuses on the fundamental reform of legal system of human rights and civic politics in the time of public emergency. Second, any forgiveness without the mediation of the deep empathy between victims and perpetrators could lead to the self-destruction of victims and their bereaved, which is described accurately in the novel ``Bug Story`` by Cheong-Jun Lee. From this story a conclusion could be drawn that there are preconditions for forgiveness or reconciliation. The post-genocide political communities should build the relieving conditions for the political reconciliation like the remedial measures of political empowerment, economic redistribution or social recognition. Maslow`s human (meta-)motivation, Honneth`s struggle for recognition and Fraser`s tridimensional justice would be able to suggest good perspective for the just reconciliation in the post-conflict societies. Third, the conception of restorative justice concentrates effectively on the restoration of concrete relationship between the conflicting racial, ethnic or religious groups in the post-genocide societies. But the restorative justice would not be able to capture the whole structure of politicide because of the limited scope of localism. It could not be overlooked that those politicides have been committed by the national or/and global hegemonic blocs during the Cold War. Fourth, the political reconciliation concerning the political violences consists in the dialectical self-conquest of conflicting images of ordinary citizens which are deformed in the epoch of political violences or genocides. The core of the political reconciliation is the collective acknowledgement of the collective responsibility of the ordinary citizens who were not directly involved in the political genocide or violences. The ordinary citizens as the political and moral subjects would arrive at the universal civic consciousness through the political reconciliation. In conclusion, the guarantees of non-occurrence of politicide might be offered only by the radical democracy refusing war politics and politicide in the political sphere, not by the liberal rule of law.

개방형 5G 프론트홀 기술 동향

이재승,박재우,이문식,Lee, J.S.,Park, J.W.,Lee, M.S. 한국전자통신연구원 2022 전자통신동향분석 Vol.37 No.3

Traditional centralized radio access network architecture used for 4G is based on Option 8, a functional split between PHY and RF. This option is commonly used with a fronthaul interface based on common public radio interface (CPRI) specifications; however, the increased data rates in 5G make this option impractical because of the fronthaul interface's high bandwidth requirement. Since CPRI specifications have many vendor-specific options, achieving multi-vendor interoperability becomes challenging. Open RAN (O-RAN) Alliance is developing novel open fronthaul interface specifications based on the functional split Option 7-2x, one of the intra-PHY split options, to relax the bandwidth requirement of the fronthaul interface and achieve multi-vendor interoperability. This article provides a brief overview of the various functional split options for 5G fronthaul that have been reported so far and existing fronthaul technologies. Further, the technological trends in the 5G open fronthaul interface is discussed, focusing on the O-RAN Alliance specifications under standardization.

초고속 근접통신 기술동향

이재승,신경철,김영훈,이문식,김영진,Lee, J.S.,Shin, G.C.,Kim, Y.H.,Lee, M.S.,Kim, Y.J. 한국전자통신연구원 2016 전자통신동향분석 Vol.31 No.5

현재 이동/무선통신 환경은 사람과 사람 간의 통신 서비스 형태뿐만 아니라 IoT 통신 서비스로 점차 확대되어가고 있으며, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 중심의 근거리 무선통신뿐만 아니라 더욱 통신영역이 좁아진 근접통신의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 따라 근접통신 기술 개발이 지속적으로 이루어지고 있으며, 특히 기기 간의 대용량 데이터 교환이 증가함에 따라 기가급의 속도를 제공하는 초고속 근접통신 기술들이 활발하게 개발되고 있다. IEEE 802에서는 주변 기기들간의 직접(Point-to-Point: P2P) 통신을 지원하는 802.15.3e 초고속 근접통신 기술을 개발하고 있으며, 또한, 802.11ad의 후속 표준으로 개발이 시작된 802.11ay의 Usage Model에도 근접통신이 포함되어 있다. 본고에서는 이러한 초고속 근접통신 기술동향에 대해 기술하고자 한다.

IEEE 802.11ah Sub 1 GHz 무선랜 기술

이재승,이훈,Lee, Jae-Seung,Lee, Hun 한국통신학회 2015 정보와 통신 Vol.32 No.3

본고에서는 IEEE 802.11에서 표준화가 진행중인 1 GHz 이하 비면허 주파수에서 동작하는 무선랜(WLAN, Wireless LAN) 표준인 IEEE 802.11ah 무선랜 기술에 대해 알아본다. IEEE 802.11ah 는 스마트 그리드, 센서 네트워크, M2M(machine-to-machine) 통신, 셀룰러 오프로딩, 광역 무선랜 서비스 등을 주된 응용 분야로 고려하고 있으며 이러한 응용들은 기존 무선랜 기술대비 보다 확장된 커버리지, 보다 많은 수의 단말 지원, 저전력 동작 지원 등을 요구한다. IEEE 802.11ah는 이러한 요구 사항을 만족하기 위한 Sub 1 GHz 대역을 사용하는 무선랜 PHY 및 MAC 규격을 개발하였다. 본 고에서는 이러한 IEEE 802.11ah 무선랜의 주요 기술 요소들에 대해 살펴본다.

열간단조된 $\gamma$-TiAl 합금의 이방성에 관한 연구

이재승,박노진,김성진,김승언,오명훈,Lee, Jae-Seung,Park, No-Jin,Kim, Seong-Jin,Kim, Seung-Eon,O, Myeong-Hun 한국재료학회 2000 한국재료학회지 Vol.10 No.9

본 논문에서는 Ti-48.5at%Al-0.96at%Mo 조성을 갖는 $\gamma$-TiAl 합금은 항온 단조 및 후속 조직제어 열처리 시 발달하는 집합조직의 변화에 관해 연구하였다. 특히, 동적 재결정 후 조직제어 열처리 온도와 시간의 증가에 따라 발생하는 lamellar volume fraction 과 집합조직 변화에 주목하여 관찰하였다. 동적 재결정 후 집합조직은 ND$\perp${302) 선분과, TD$\perp${100) 및 이에 비해 상대적으로 다소 약한{111) 성분들이 발달하였으며, 열처리 온도와 시간이 증가함에 따라 lameller volume fraction 은 증가했고 동일한 성분의 집합조직도 점차 강하게 발달함을 알 수 있었다. 하지만 상온인장시험 결과는 lameller volume fraction이 증가할수록 낮은 상온 연신을 보였는데, 이는 준 층상조직을 갖는 $\gamma$-TiAl합금의 상온인장특성이 집합조직의 영향보다는 lameller volume fractio과 같은 미세조직 특성에 더욱 강하게 영향을 받기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. The texture evolution during isothermal forging and subsequent heat treatment in Ti-48.5at%Al-0.6at%Mo alloy was investigated. Especially, in the present study, research interest was focused on the interrelation between lamellar volume fraction and textures varied with the change of heat-treated time and temperature. It was found that texture components having ND┴{302) and TD$\perp${100} with minor TD$\perp${111} were developed by isothermal forging. In addition, when the followed heat-treatment time and temperature increased from $1330^{\circ}C$/10h to $1350^{\circ}C$/20h respectively, both the lamellar volume fraction and the intensity of textures mentioned above also gradually increased. However, the tensile elongation at room temperature decreased oppositely, as the lamellar volume fraction increased. These results suggested that tensile properties of $\gamma$-TiAl with the nearly lamellar microstructure at room temperature were affected more strongly by the microstructural features such as lamellar volume fraction rather than by textures.

$Henoch-Sch\"{o}nlein$ Purpura 신염에서 Interleukin-6의 의의

이재승,권민중,Lee Jae-Seung,Kwon Min-Joong 대한소아신장학회 1997 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.1 No.2

목적 : Interleukin-6는 광범위한 영역의 조직과 세포의 성장과 분화에 영향을 미치는 다기능 사이토카인으로 사구체 메산지움 세포의 성장도 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 메산지움 세포의 증식과 IgA의 침착을 특징으로 하는 IgA 신병증에서 IL-6가 메산지움 세포의 성장 인자임이 입증되었고 요중 IL-6치가 메산지움 증식의 정도나 예후 판정에 유용한 것으로 알려져 있다. HSP 신염은 병리조직학적으로나 임상적으로 IgA 신병증과 유사해 HSP 신염에서도 IL-6가 병리 기전에 관여할 것이 예상되므로 HSP 신염 환아에서 IL-6의 의의에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 대상 환아는 연세대학교 의과대학 영동 세브란스 병원 소아과에 입원한 HSP 환아 30명과 HSP 신염환아 18명 및 정상 대조군 10명으로 혈청 및 요중 IL-6치를 ELISA 방법으로 측정하였다. 결 과 : HSP 환아, HSP 신염 환아 및 정상 대조군의 혈청 IL-6치는 각각 $36.03{\pm}87.56pg/ml,\;32.68{\pm}71.59pg/ml,\;3.17{\pm}3.78pg/ml$로 HSP 환아와 HSP 신염 환아에서 정상 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었으며 (p<0.05), 요중 IL-6치는 HSP 신염 환아에서 $62.23{\pm}73.53pg/ml$로 HSP 환아($9.05{\pm}8.35pg/ml$)와 정상 대조군($5.83{\pm}5.62pg/ml$)에 비해 의미있게 증가된 소견을 보였다.(p<0.05). HSP 신염 환아에서 24시간 요단백량과 요중 IL-6치는 24시간 요단백량이 증가할수록 요중 IL-6치가 통계학적으로 유의하게 중가하였으나며(y=51.923x-45.091, $R^2=0.6185$, p=0.0014), 혈청 IL-6치와 요중 IL-6치간에는 유의한 상관 관계는 없었다. 결론 : IL-6는 IgA 신병증에서와 마찬가지로 HSP 신염에서 메산지움 증식에 연관이 있는 것으로 사료되며 경과나 예후 판정에 유용한 보조 지표가 될 수 있는 지에 대한 추후 관찰이 요할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : Interleukin-6(IL-6), a multifunctional cytokine, has been found to have growth and differentiation activities on a wide variety of tissues and cells, including mesangial cells. It has been known that IL-6 is an autocrine growth factor for the proliferation of mesangial cells. Several studies have been performed for revealing the clinical significance of IL-6 in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Methods : The author measured serum and urinary IL-6 in 30 patients with $Henoch-Sch\"{o}nlein$ purpura (HSP), 18 patients with HSP nephritis, and 10 normal children as a control group. Results : The serum level of IL-6 was increased significantly in the patients with HSP and HSP nephritis compared to normal control. The level of urinary IL-6 was increased significantly in the patients with HSP nephritis compared to both HSP and normal control groups. The level of urinary IL-6 was not correlated with the level of serum. Conclusion : IL-6 was correlated with the amount of proteinuria. These data suggest that IL-6 may be involved in the pathological proliferation of mesangial cell in HSP nephritis.

재생 굵은골재와 제강슬래그 잔골재를 사용한 재생 콘크리트의 특성에 관한 실험적 연구

이재승,나옥빈,Lee, Jaesung,Na, Okpin 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2015 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.24 No.5

본 연구는 재생 굵은골재와 산업부산물인 급냉 제강슬래그 잔골재를 이용한 친환경 재생 콘크리트의 재료적 특성을 파악하고 적정 혼합비를 도출하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해서 재생 굵은골재의 치환율은 30%에서 50%까지 증가시켰으며, 급냉 제강슬래그 잔골재는 10%에서 50%까지 증가시켜서 물성실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 재생골재의 치환율이 증가함에 따라 강도가 감소하였으나 급냉 제강슬래그 잔골재의 혼입율을 증가함에 따라 강도가 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 더불어 급냉 제강슬래그 잔골재의 적정 치환율은 압축강도 및 탄성계수 등을 고려했을때 20~30%로 판단되며, 재생 굵은골재의 치환율 증가에도 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimum replacement rate and material properties of eco-friendly recycled concrete using recycled coarse aggregates and rapid-chilled steel slag fine aggregates. The replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregates was increased from 30% to 50% of total volume of coarse aggregates and the rapid-chilled steel slag aggregates were substituted for 10% to 50% of total volume of fine aggregates. As a result, the increment of recycled coarse aggregates in concrete caused the reduction of the compressive strength. On the other hand, as increasing the replacement ratio of rapid chilled steel slag aggregates, the compressive strength was enhanced. Furthermore, the optimum use of rapid chilled steel slag aggregates was suggested up to 20~30% of fine aggregates and the use of it could be helpful to expand the replacement rate of recycled aggregates.