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갑상선 분화암 환자의 경과 관찰에서 수술 전 , 후 혈청 갑상선글로불린 측정의 유용성
원종철,이은주,이성진,문대혁,김상욱,류진숙,안일민,홍석준,한정희,김하영 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4
Background: Thyroglobulin (Tg) measurement is primarily used to monitor patients with well differentiated thyroid carcinomas (WDTC) for tumor recurrence. We evaluated the correlations between fold responses of thyroglobulin levels and TNM stages (and MACIS scores) at recurrent group. Also correlations between preoperative Tg levels and Tg (on or off replacement) levels at the time of recurrence were evaluated. Postoperative Tg levels between recurrent and non-recurrent groups were analyzed for the use of assessing risk of recurrence. Methods: One hundred twenty five cases of WDTC who had total thyroidectomy and (131)I remnant thyroid ablation were finally included in this study. After optimal TSH stimulations ($gt;30 μIU/mL), (131)I whole body scan (WBS) was performed. We interpreted as a recurrence only when abnormal findings on the (131)I WBS were detected. Preoperative, immediate postoperative and follow-up Tg tlevels were regularly measured. Results: Difference of preoperative Tg levels between recurrent an non-recurrent groups was not significant (27.5±4.2 ng/mL vs. 16.0±10.9 ng/mL). Also differences of immediate postoperative Tg (on or off replacement) levels between two groups was not significant (2.4±3.8 ng/mL vs. 3.6±3.l ng/mL, 33.4±4.8 ng/ml vs. 24.5±4.8 ng/mL, respectively). Tg levels on replacement at 24 months after surgery between recurrent and non-recurrent groups were significantly different (2.2±4.8 ng/mL, 15.9±6.5 ng/mL, p$lt;0.001) and also Tg levels off replacement between recurrent and non-recurrent groups were significantly different (4.0±6.6ng/mL vs. 49.4±9.3 ng/mL, p$lt;0.001). Fold responses between recurrent and non-recurrent groups were significantly different (2.0±3.1 ng/mL, 5.0±4.1 ng/mL, p=0.009). Fold responses between recurrent and non- recurrent groups were significantly different according to TNM stages (p=0.002) but not different according to MACIS scores. Preoperative Tg levels were correlated Tg (on or off replacement) levels at the time of recurrence (p=0.02, r=0.4: p$lt;0.0espectively). Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of Tg levels over 2 ng/mL on replacement were 95%, 73%, 84% but those of Tg levels over 7 ng/mL off replacement were 83%, 70%, 77%. Conclusion: Fold responses may predict prognosis of WDTC. Small postoperative increase in serum Tg levels may indicate a large increase of tumor mass in cases of normal or low preoperative Tg levels. Tg levels over 2 ng/mL on replacement or 7 ng/mL off replacement during follow-up may suggest the recurrence of WDTC (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 15:542-553, 2000).
토양트렌치법에 있어서 폐수 주입방식 , 유량부하 및 토성이 유기물 처리효율에 미치는 영향
원종철,남궁완,임연택,윤조희 한국물환경학회 1991 한국물환경학회지 Vol.7 No.3
The role of trench in soil trench systems treating septic tank effluent was evaluated in the laboratory. Parameters investigated were the waste application method (application with rest period versus continuous application), hydraulic loading rate (100 ℓ/m ·day versus 200ℓ/m day) and soil texture (Sandy Loam versus Sand). Experimental reactors (60㎝ high by 40㎝ wide by 5㎝ thick) were constructed so that two dimensional distribution of bacteria and volatile solids in the trench could be examined. TOC concentrations in the effluent from the reactors with continuous application of wastewater were lower than those from the reactors with rest period. However, the wastewater infiltration rate with continuous application of wastewater was lower than that with rest period implying possible clogging problem in the near future. TOC removal efficiency was over 80% for both systems. TOC concentration in the effluent from the reactor with 200ℓ/m day hydraulic loading rate was much higher than that from the reactor with 100ℓ/m day. The average TOC removal efficiency at 200ℓ/m day was only 63%, while that at 100ℓ/m day was 81%. TOC concentration in the effluent from the reactor packed with sandy loam was similar to that of the reactor packed with sand. Bacteria were high in number near the infiltration surface of wastewater in the trench. Volatile solids were distributed relatively evenly in the trench. There was no direct relationship between the number of bacteria and volatile solids in the soil.
그룹 다이내믹 : 협동학습의 교육원리에 관한 심리학적 연구
원종철 한국교육학회 2001 敎育學硏究 Vol.39 No.2
본 논문은 협동학습의 교육원리를 심리학적 입장에서 분석한 문헌 연구이다. 본 논문은 그룹 다이내믹에 대한 사회심리학 연구 결과들을 토대로 학습에서의 소그룹의 효과성과 협동학습이 심리학적 원리를 설명함으로써 협동학습의 이론적 기반을 다지려는 것이다. 첫째로 Kurt Lewin(1890-1947)에 의해서 시작된 그룹 다니내믹 연구의 역사를 추적하여 협동학습의 근원적이고도 이론적 바탕이 되는 그룹 다니내믹의 학문적 배경을 살펴보고, 둘째로 그런 학문적 역사 속에서 탄생한 협동학습을 그룹 다니내믹의 시각에서 분석하여 협동학습의 성과와 그것의 근본 교육원리가 무엇인지를 밝히려는 것이다. 이를 통해 본 논문은 소그룹을 통한 협동학습이 교육방법적으로 효과가 있을 뿐만 아니라 전인교육과 인성교육에 도움이 되는 이유가 근거를 밝히려는 것이다.