Palmitic acid induces inflammatory cytokines and regulates tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs in human trophoblasts

양창원,안가람,송지수,송권화,임화선 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2022 Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Vol.37 No.4

High levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been observed in obese pregnancies. Obesity during pregnancy may increase the risk of various pregnancyrelated complications, with pathogenesis resulting from excessive inflammation. Palmitic acid (PA) is a saturated fatty acid that circulates in high levels in obese women. In our previous study, we found that PA inhibited the proliferation of trophoblasts developing into the placenta, induced apoptosis, and regulated the number of cleaved halves derived from transfer RNAs (tRNAs). However, it is not known how the expression of tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs) changes in response to PA treatment at concentrations that induce inflammation in human trophoblasts. We selected concentrations that did not affect cell viability after dose-dependent treatment of HTR8/SVneo cells, a human trophoblast cell line. PA (200 μM) did not affect the expression of apoptotic proteins in HTR8/SVneo cells. PA significantly increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. In addition, 200 μM PA significantly increased the expression of tiRNAs compared to 800 μM PA treatment. These results suggest that PA impairs placental development during early pregnancy by inducing an inflammatory response in human trophoblasts. In addition, this study provides a basis for further research on the association between PA-induced inflammation and tiRNA generation.

Oxy-fuel CFB 보일러의 수력학적 특성 연구

양창원,방병열,정수화,문태영,서명원,이은도 한국에너지학회 2016 한국에너지공학회 학술발표회 Vol.2016 No.4

Comparative Study of Implicit and Explicit Solvation Models for Probing Tryptophan Side Chain Packing in Proteins

양창원,박영상 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.3

We performed replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations of the tripzip2 peptide (betahairpin) using the GB implicit and TI3P explicit solvation models. By comparing the resulting free energy surfaces of these two solvation model, we found that the GB solvation model produced a distorted free energy map, but the explicit solvation model yielded a reasonable free energy landscape with a precise location of the native structure in its global free energy minimum state. Our result showed that in particular, the GB solvation model failed to describe the tryptophan packing of trpzip2, leading to a distorted free energy landscape. When the GB solvation model is replaced with the explicit solvation model, the distortion of free energy shape disappears with the native-like structure in the lowest free energy minimum state and the experimentally observed tryptophan packing is precisely recovered. This finding indicates that the main source of this problem is due to artifact of the GB solvation model. Therefore, further efforts to refine this model are needed for better predictions of various aromatic side chain packing forms in proteins.

코로나19 대응에 왜 베트남은 성공하고 필리핀은 실패했는가: 규율 메커니즘의 비교분석

양창원 ( Yang Changwon ),백용훈 ( Beak Yong-hun ) 서강대학교 동아연구소 2021 東亞 硏究 Vol.40 No.1

이 연구는 푸코의 통치성과 규율의 개념 그리고 스콧의 지역사회 맥락을 강조하는 연구를 토대로 코로나19 대응의 성패를 논의한다. 연구에서는 인구, 경제, 의료 자원 등이 유사한 수준임에도 불구하고 서로 다른 코로나19 상황이 전개되고 있는 베트남과 필리핀 사례에 주목한다. 분석 방법은 차이법과 맥락의 대조다. 두 국가가 감염병의 확산에 대응하는 과정을 살펴보고, 그 가운데 나타난 국가의 규율, 규율의 기능적 전환 그리고 이러한 메커니즘이 작동되는 방식을 비교분석했다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 베트남 정부는 국민들이 단결할 수 있는 메시지(국가의 규율)를 전달했다. 베트남의 지도자와 보건 당국은 코로나19 상황을 엄중하게 받아들였고, 바이러스를 ‘적’으로 규정하는 등 방역에 가장 집중했다. 이를 통해 국민들은 감염병의 경험과 전쟁에 준하는 위기 상황을 의식화했고, 내면화(규율의 기능적 전환)가 성공적으로 이루어졌다. 즉, 베트남에서는 국가와 국민이 일치된 견해를 공유하는 상황에서 포괄적인 접촉추적, 진단검사, 그리고 격리 및 봉쇄 조치가 진행됐다. 결국 베트남은 이러한 메커니즘을 통해 방역에 성공할 수 있었다. 반면 필리핀은 방역 체계는 잘 갖추었지만 그 대응이 상대적으로 늦었고, 대통령의 메시지를 국민들이 받아들이는 내면화를 이뤄내지 못했다. 특히 필리핀 사회에 적합한 대응 메커니즘을 시행하지 못함으로써 국가와 국민의 상호작용이 나타나지 않았다. 결국 필리핀에서는 규율이 사회적 맥락에 부합하지 않았고, 규율의 기능적 전환 역시 사회적 확장으로 이어지지 않아 방역에 실패하고 말았다. 보건의료 차원에서 볼 때 높은 수준의 테스트, 엄격한 격리 조치와 폐쇄가 코로나19 방역에 가장 효과적일 수 있다. 하지만 이러한 전략은 국가의 동원자원과 역량, 그리고 사회적 맥락의 차이 때문에 모든 국가에 동일하게 적용될 수는 없다. 이 글은 효과적인 방역을 위해서는 국가 규율이 사회적으로 확산되는 메커니즘이 작동해야 하며, 그 메커니즘의 효과성은 국가와 국민 간의 상호소통에 기반한 규율의 기능적 전환에 달려있음을 강조한다. This paper focused on the success and failure of the state's preventive measures against COVID-19 by collaborating Foucault's governmentality and discipline, and Scott's study underlining the local context. This research paid attention to Vietnam and the Philippines presented conflicting situations, although the two countries have similar conditions such as population, economic level, and medical resources. An analytical method is a difference(disagreement) and contextual comparison. It compared and analyzed the states' discipline, the functional inversion of the disciplines, and the swarming of disciplinary mechanisms by examining Vietnam and the Philippines' reaction to COVID-19. The result of the analysis is as follows. Vietnam government delivered a message to unite the people with the so-called discipline. The leader and the department of Health rigorously considered COVID-19 and defined the epidemic situation as an enemy to take preventive measures in Vietnam. Through it, the people could identify epidemic surround the same as the war and successfully transferred the discipline to interiorization with the state's message. In short, Vietnam government enabled comprehensive contact-tracing and diagnostic tests for COVID-19 based on an interaction between the state and the people. Fianlly, Vietnam's discipline, the functional inversion, and the swarming of disciplinary mechanisms led to successful of disease prevention. On the other hand, the Philippines set up systematic arrangements for the preventive measures against COVID-19, but implementing policies were not preemptive, and the state's messages were not interiorized among the people. In particular, the reactive mechanism for COVID-19 was inappropriate to the Philippines' context. Therefore, the interaction between the state and the people did not occur. Put differently, the disciplinary mechanisms and the functional inversion of the disciplines were discrepant, and could not provoke the social expansion of the disciplines. As a result, the Philippines' preventive measures were ineffective. In terms of public health and medical perspectives, the high rate of diagnosis tests, rigorous quarantine, and lockdown could positively affect preventive measures. However, all good policies do not bring about a good result because all states have different social contexts, mobilizing resources, and the state capacity. Therefore, this paper underlined that the state's mechanism indispensable runs delicately under the unprecedented pandemic, and the mechanism's performance depends on the functional inversion of the disciplines and its expansion with the interaction between the state and the people.

기포유동층 반응기에서 연료 크기에 따른 혼합 특성 연구

양창원(Changwon Yang),양원(Won Yang),Jonathan Morris,Bill Nimmo,이은도(Uendo Lee) 한국연소학회 2021 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

방사모로 자치정부의 제도화 과정과 도전과제

양창원 ( Changwon Yang ) 서강대학교 동아연구소 2023 東亞 硏究 Vol.42 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 필리핀 남부 민다나오에 설치된 무슬림 자치정부의 형성과정을 역사적으로 설명하고, 향후 도전과제를 논하는 것이다. 민다나오 무슬림의 자치정부 형성과정은 곧 그들의 분리독립 운동 및 자치권 확보의 역사였다. 따라서 민다나오 무슬림 자치정부를 이해하기 위해서는 무슬림 자치권을 보장한 평화협정의 배경과 합의 내용에 대한 검토가 선행되어야 한다. 연구에서 핵심적으로 다뤄진 협정은 1976년 트리폴리협정, 1996년 최종평화협정, 2014년 방사모로 포괄적 평화협정이다. 세 평화협정은 민다나오 정치 안정화와 반군의 무장해제를 통한 지역 안보 확보에 목적을 두었다. 그리고 그 해결방안은 무슬림의 자치권 보장과 확대였다. 민다나오무슬림 자치정부 구성은 정치 및 경제적 자결권 측면에서 진보를 일궈냈다. 하지만 평화협정문의 미완결성, 정부의 합의안 이행역량 부족, 이슬람 단체 간 권력 투쟁, 그리고 이슬람 종족 간 불평등 발생 등으로 인해서 ‘자치정부’라는 정치 및 사회적 실험은 실패로 돌아갔다. 한편, 민다나오는 자치권이 더욱 강화된 자치정부를 형성하기로 함으로써 변화의 전기를 맞았다. 새로운 무슬림 자치정부는 의회제를 기반으로 하고, 행정, 입법, 사법적 측면에서 더욱 넓은 자치 권한과 권역을 갖게 했다. 중앙정부는 자치정부의 권한 형성을 위한 제도적 정비를 이뤄냈고, 권력 승계를 위한 전환위원회와 임시정부를 출범시키는 등 실제적인 정치적 변화가 민다나오에 나타나고 있다. 하지만 이러한 정치적 훈풍에도 불구하고, 민다나오는 과거 자치정부에 대한 경험과 반군 활동의 지속 등을 이유로 과연 그것이 성공할 수 있을지에 대한 우려가 있는 것도 사실이다. 따라서 연구에서는 새롭게 형성된 무슬림 자치정부가 성공하기 위해서 필수적으로 검토되어야 하는 현재 상황과 향후 과제를 검토한다. The purpose of this study is not only to explain a historical approach to the formation process of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) established in the southern Philippines but also to discuss the challenges of BARMM. The process of formation of BARMM coincides with the history of the Muslim independence movement and securing autonomy in Mindanao. Therefore, this study first describes the background and contents of the peace agreements, which were done to seek the Muslims’ autonomy between the central government of the Philippines and the Muslim rebels. The main agreements covered in this study are the Tripoli Agreement, the Final Peace Agreement, and the Comprehensive Peace Agreement for Bangsamoro. The three peace agreements aimed to secure regional security by stabilizing regional politics and disarming rebels. The solution was for The Muslims to guarantee and expand autonomy in the Muslim Mindanao region. In particular, the formation of the Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao as the result of the agreements can be evaluated as significant progress towards the political and economic rights and self-determination of Muslims. However, despite such positive evaluation, the implementation of a nascent autonomous region (e.g., Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao) failed as a social experiment due to the incompleteness of the peace agreement, the government’s lack of capacity to implement the agreement, the power infighting between Islamic rebel groups, and the inequality among Muslim ethnic groups. Learning from the previous failure, the most recent Comprehensive agreement for the Bangsamoro introduced a new political body with more substantial autonomy. The new creature included the parliamentary system and a broader sense of autonomy in the administrative, legislative, and judicial systems. Although it implies practical political changes in Mindanao because the central government has made institutional arrangements to form the local authorities, such as the Bangsamoro Transition Authority and the Interim government, for power succession, it is also true that there are doubts as to whether it will succeed despite this political upheaval. So, this study additionally explains the challenges that BARMM faces and the implications that must be solved for the new Muslim autonomous government to succeed.

성조숙증을 동반한 간모세포종 1례

최창원,박현진,성시웅,유은선,신희영,양세원,안효섭 대한소아청소년과학회 2000 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.43 No.2

Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary malignant liver tumor in childhood. Most cases are boys generally below three years of age. Hepatoblastoma are associated with various non-metastatic syndromes. Rarely, human chorionic gonadotropin may be produced by the tumor. Ectopic gonadotropin production from this source is a rare cause of precocious puberty in boys. Since a report by Behrendt in 1931, about 25 cases of hepatoblastoma with precocious puberty have been reported in the literature. We describe here a new case of hepatoblastoma with precocious puberty in a 2-year-9-month-old boy. He presented with precocious puberty and abdominal mass. He had an enlarged penis, pubic hair and deep voice. Laboratory examination revealed that serum ■- fetoprotein(AFP) was above 70,000ng/mL, and serum ■-human chorionic gonadotropin(■-HCG) 360mIU/mL. Abdominal CT revealed a huge tumor occupying the entire right lobe of the liver. A diagnosis of hepatoblastoma was made by percutaneous needle biopsy. After completing four cycles of chemotherapy, a complete tumor resection was undertaker. Postoperative level of the serum AFP was below 5ng/mL, and serum ■-HCG below 3mIU/mL. He received two additional cycles of treatment. He is alive and in a disease-free state for two years after cessation of the treatment. 저자들은 성조숙증과 복부 종괴를 주소로 내원한 2년 9개월 남아에서 경피 세침생검을 시행하여 간모 세포종을 진단하였고, 혈청 β-HCG가 360mIU/mL, testosterone이 12.7ng/mL로 증가되어 있음을 확인하였다. 저자들은 4주기의 항암화학요법을 시행한 후에 종양을 완전히 절제할 수 있었고, 2주기의 항암화학요법을 더 시행한 후에 치료를 종결하였다. 치료 종결 후 외래에서 확인한 β-HCG는 3mIU/mL 이하, testosterone은 0.1ng/mL 이하로 감소하였고, 환아의 턱수염과 음모는 소실되었지만 목소리와 음경의 크기는 큰 변화를 보이지 않았다. 저자들은 환아를 치료 종결 2년 후까지 추적 관찰 중이며 종양 재발의 증거는 없었다. 저자들은 본 증례를 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

엿밥의 조성 및 산유량과 유성분 조성에 미치는 영향

양시용,강창원,안규철,이강연,이중일,김정훈,박근규,Yang, Si-Yong,Kang, Chang-Won,Ahn, Gyu-Chul,Lee, Gang-Yeon,Lee, Jung-Il,Kim, Jeong-Hoon,Park, Keun-Kyu 한국축산식품학회 2010 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.30 No.3

This study was conducted to the evaluate nutritional value of corn taffy residue (CTR), a by-product from Korean traditional taffy, and to investigate the dietary effect of CTR on the yield and composition of milk from dairy cows. Relatively high concentrations of residual enzymes and sugars were found in CTR. Protein and fat concentrations were high, comparable to those of corn gluten meal. Inclusion of 1, 3, and 6% CTR in total mixed rations yielded more milk (p<0.05) than in the control group, and increased milk fat (p<0.05) in high-producing cows (approximately 30 kg). In low-producing cows, (approximately 20 kg), milk yield was increased by 1 and 6% CTR, and milk protein was enhanced by 3% CTR (p<0.05). Based on these results, utilization of CTR is recommended for production of high quality and economical animal products.

Phytic Acid와 Phytase에 관한 동물산업적 고찰

양시용,김창원,강창원 한국축산환경학회 2001 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Phytic acid (myo-inositol hexaphosphate or IP6) is the major storage form of phosphorus in cereals and legumes, representing 18 to 88% of the total phosphorus. Phytate form of phosphorus is not readily utilized by monogastric animals and this result causes pollution problem by phosporus released in areas of intensive livestock production. The interaction between phytic acid and essential dietary minerals, protein, or vitamins is considered to be one of the primary factors limiting the nutritional values of cereals and legunes in monogastric animals. Attempts have been made to hydrolyze dietary phytic acid by phytases to improve the feed quality and to decrease the amount of phosphorus excreted by animals. Phytase(myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase) hydrolyzes phytic acid to myo-inositol and phosphoric acid. Two types of phytases are known: 3-phytase (EC 3.1.3.8) and 6-phytase (EC 3.1.3.26), indicating the intial attack to the susceptable phosphoester bond. Because of its great industrial importance, there is ongoing interest in isolating new bacterial strains producing novel and efficient phytases.

일부지역 대학생들의 미용시술 경험률과 건강장해에 대한 인식

최창원,노상미,양혜민,강태석,김태구,이다현,엄세준,이진영,배근량,정철,정해관,임현술 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2004 東國醫學 Vol.11 No.1

연구목적: 최근 신세대에게 대중화 되어가고 있는 모발염색, 이어링, 피어싱, 문신, 미용 성형수술 등의 미용시술의 실태를 조사하고 문제점을 파악하여 해결방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구대상 및 방법: 2003년 9월 17일에 경주시 소재 3개 대학교 재학생 566명을 대상으로 자기 기입식 설문지를 실시하였다. 설문지에는 모발염색, 이어링, 피어싱, 문신, 미용 성형수술 등의 경험률 조사와 시술장소, 시술장소의 위생정도, 시술 이후 부작용의 유무, 부작용 발생 이후 치료방법 등에 대한 항목을 포함하였다. 결과: 대학생들의 미용시술 경험률은 91.9%이었으며, 여학생과 남학생에 있어 경험률의 차이는, 여학생의 경우 모발염색, 이어링과 미용 성형수술의 경험률이 높았고, 남학생은 문신 경험률이 높았으며, 피어싱의 경우에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않음을 알 수 있다. 미용시술 장소로는 대부분이 병원이 아닌 불법 시술소가 대부분이었으며, 시술장소의 위생정도는 보통이라는 응답이 가장 많았고, 위생 정도에 관심이 없다는 응답이 다음으로 많았다. 부작용 빈도는 약 l0% 정도였다. 결론: 대학생들에게 미용시술이 보편화되고 대중화되었음을 알 수 있으나, 올바른 시술방법과 부작용에 대한 인식이 부족함을 알 수 있다. 따라서, 앞으로 미용시술에 따른 부작용의 심각성을 파악하는 연구가 활발히 이루어져야 할 것이며, 미용시술에 따른 부작용의 심각성에 대해 교육하고 홍보하는 것이 필요할 것으로 생각한다. Purpose: The purpose was to catch the state and the problem of esthetic procedures popularized recently to the new generation and to show the solution. Materials and Methods: This study, including 566 university students in Gyeongju was performed by a self-administered questionnaire at 17. September 2003. The questionnaire included questions on experience rate of hair dyeing, earrings, piercing, tatto, plastic surgery and the operating place, state of sanitary of operating place, the presence of adverse effect and treatment methods of the adverse effect. Results: The experience rate of esthetic procedure among university student was 91.9%. The experience rate of hair dyeing, earrings and plastic surgery was high in female, and the experience rate of tatto was high in male student and that of piercing was not significantly different between male and female students. The esthetic procedure was performed at a illegal place most commonly, not at a hospital. And then state of the sanitary of the operating place was medium The prevalence of the adverse effect was about 10%. Conclusions: The esthetic procedures was universal and popular to the university students, but university students was not aware of the operating method and advere effect. Thus, further investigations are warranted to assess the seriousness of esthetic procedures, and to educate and inform the seriousness of adverse effects of esthetic procedures to university student will be necessary.