간경변 및 간암과 혈청 구리와 아연농도와의 관련성

현명수,서석권,윤능기,이종영,이승훈,이무식,Hyun, Myung-Soo,Suh, Suk-Kwon,Yoon, Nung-Ki,Lee, Jong-Young,Lee, Seoung-Hoon,Lee, Mu-Sik 대한예방의학회 1992 예방의학회지 Vol.25 No.2

현재까지도 완전히 규명되지 못한 간질환과 혈청 구리 및 아연농도와의 관련성을 밝히고, 이들의 진단적 가치를 알아보고자 1990년 10월에서 1991년 8월 사이에 대구시 소재 모 대학병원 내과와 건강진단센터에 내원한 사람들 중에서 무작위로 선정한 정상 63명, 간경변 60명 그리고 간암 33명을 대상으로 일반적 특성을 조사하였고, 체내 일일 변동을 고려하여 공복시 오전 9시에서 11시 사이에 혈액을 채취하여 간기능검사의 생화학적 표지자와 혈청 구리 및 아연농도의 분석에 사용하였다. 혈청 구리의 평균농도는 대조군 $91.97{\pm}4.76{\mu}g/dl$, 간경화군 $106.21{\pm}2.73{\mu}g/dl$ 그리고 간암군 $127.05{\pm}0.77{\mu}g/dl$이었고, 대조군과 간경화군 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 간경화군과 간암군사이에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 아연에 있어서는 대조군 $110.82{\pm}7.24{\mu}g/dl$,간경화군 $68.10{\pm}5.43{\mu}g/dl$ 그리고 간암군 $63.78{\pm}2.20{\mu}g/dl$로 나타났고, 간경화군과 간암군 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 대조군과는 두 군 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). Cu/Zn비는 세 군 사이에 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 간기능검사의 생화학적 표지자들 중에 총 단백, 알부민, ALP 그리고 총 빌리루빈은 세 군 간에 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으나(p<0.05), ALT와 AST의 간경화군과 간암군 간의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았고, 직접 빌리루빈은 대조군에 대해 간암군에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 헐청 구리와 아연농도 그리고 Cu/Zn비와 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보인 표지자는 세 군에서 다양하게 나타났다. 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석에서 간경화 및 간암에 대한 odds ratio는 혈청 아연농도만이 각각 0.951, 0.952로 통계적으로 유의하였고(p<0.05), 혈 청 구리 농도와 Cu/Zn비는 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 세 군에 대한 판별분석에서 구분을 위한 주요변수로 선정된 것은 알부민, ALP, 혈청 아연농도, 나이 그리고 총 빌리루빈이었고, 이를 적용하여 판별한 결과 바른구분의 백분율은 대조군 95.4%, 간경변군 73.4%, 간암군 75.7%로 총 84.0% 였다. 본 연구는 아연이 간질환에 대해 독립적으로도 억제하는 효과가 있을 것이며, 혈청 아연농도의 측정은 간질환의 진단에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것임을 시사하고 있다고 생각된다. This study was done to identify the association between serum copper and zinc levels and the cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), and to evaluate its diagnostic value on liver diseases. Sixty-three healthy persons, 60 patients with cirrhosis and 33 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were rendomly selected and investigated for their general characteristics from October 1990 to August 1991. For analysis of the biochemical markers in liver function test and the serum copper and zinc levels, their fasting venous blood were sampled at 9:00 to 11:00 in the morning and centrifuged to separate the serum within one hour. All the samples were immediately analysed for biochemical markers and stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ in polypropylene tubes further copper and zinc analysis. Mean of serum coppper levels was $91.97{\pm}4.76{\mu}g/dl$ in control, $106.21{\pm}2.73{\mu}g/dl$ in cirrhosis and $127.05{\pm}0.77{\mu}g/dl$ in HCC. The value of HCC was statistically significantly higher than that of the control and cirrhosis(p<0.05). Serum zinc levels were $110.82{\pm}7.24{\mu}g/dl$ in control, $68.10{\pm}5.43{\mu}g/dl$ in cirrhosis and $63.78{\pm}2.20{\mu}g/dl$ in HCC. The values of cirrhosis and HCC were statistically significantly lower than that of control(p<0.05). The Cu/Zn ratio was statiatically significantly different among three groups(p<0.05). Test total protein, albumin, ALP and total bilirubin of biochemical markers of liver function were statistically significantly different among three groups(p<0.05). Differences between cirrhosis and HCC for ALT and AST, and between the control and HCC for direct bilirubin were not statistically significant. Biochemical markers statistically significantly correlated with serum copper and zinc levels and Cu/Zn ratio(p<0.05), were variable in three groups. In multiple logistic regression, odds ratio of serum copper level and Cu/Zn ratio had no statistical significance on the cirrhosis and the HCC, but that of serum sinc was statistically significant as 0.951 and 0.952(p<0.05). Serum copper and zinc levels and Cu/Zn ratio were not statistically significantly different between the cirrhosis and HCC. H\Albumin, ALP, zinc, total bilirubin and age among all variables were selected as main variables for three-group discriminant analysis. Percentage of 'grouped' cases correctly classified by these five variables was 98.4 for control, 73.4 for cirrhosis, 75.7 for HCC and 84.0 for all subjects. This study suggests that zinc level is considered to play a role as diagnostic marker on the hepatic disorders and be more useful than serum copper level and Cu/Zn ratio in diagnosis of the liver diseases.

TFT -LCD 구동 IC용 커패시터 내장형 DC-DC 변환기 설계

임규호,강형근,이재형,손기성,조기석,백승면,성관영,이용진,박무훈,하판봉,김영희,Lim Gyu-Ho,Kang Hyung-Geun,Lee Jae-Hyung,Sohn Ki-Sung,Cho Ki-Seok,Baek Seung-Myun,Sung Kwan-Young,Li Long-Zhen,Park Mu-Hun,Ha Pan-Bong,Kim Young-Hee 한국정보통신학회 2006 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.10 No.7

A non-overlap boosted-clock charge pump(NBCCP) with internal pumping capacitor, an advantageous circuit from a minimizing point of TFT-LCD driver IC module, is proposed in this paper. By using the non-overlap boosted-clock swinging in 2VDC voltage, the number of pumping stages is reduced to half and a back current of pumping charge from charge pumping node to input stage is also prevented compared with conventional cross-coupled charge pump with internal pumping capacitor. As a result, pumping current of the proposed NBCCP circuit is increased more than conventional cross-coupled charge pump, and a layout area is decreased. A proposed DC-DC converter for TFT-LCD driver IC is designed with $0.18{\mu}m$ triple-well CMOS process and a test chip is in the marking. 본 논문에서는 TFT-LCD 구동 IC 모듈의 소형화측면에서 유리한 DC-DC 변환기 회로인 펌핑 커패시터 내장형 비중첩 부스트-클락 전하펌프 (Non-overlap Boosted-Clock Charge Pump: NBCCP) 회로가 제안되었다 .2VDC 전압으로 스윙하는 비중첩 부스트-클럭의 사용으로 기존의 펌핑 커패시터 내장형 크로스-커플드 전하펌프에 비해 펌핑 단의 수를 반으로 줄일 수 있었고, 전하 펌핑 노드의 펌핑된 전하가 입력 단으로 역류되는 현상을 방지하였다 . 그 결과 제안된 펌핑 커패시터 내장형 비중첩 부스트-클럭 전하펌프 회로는 기존의 펌핑 커패시터 내장형 크로스-커플드 전하펌프에 비해 펌핑 전류가 증가하였고, 레이아웃 면적은 감소되었다. 제안된 TFT-LCD 구동 IC용 DC-DC 변환기 회로를 $0.18{\mu}m$ Triple-Well CMOS 공정을 사용하여 설계하고, 테스트 칩을 제작 중에 있다.

長期 曝氣法에 依한 LAS 含有 都市下水의 處理時 設計 Parameter의 決定

李武康,許烈,崔基園 慶星大學校 環境問題硏究所 1991 環境硏報 Vol.1 No.1

This study was conducted by using the mixture of synthetic wastewater, linear alkyl benzene sulfonate(LAS) and Glucose as influent substrate. The mean value of influent COD, LAS concentration was maintained 540mg/ℓ, 25mg/ℓ, respectively. Reactor temperature was maintained constantly as 25±10℃ and hydraulic retention time was varied from 1 day to 2.5 day. The kinetic parameter such as half-velocity contant Ks, maximum substrate utilization rate qmax, sludge yield coefficient Y, endogenous respiration coefficient kd, specific substrate removal rate constant k were investigated through the experiment with bench-scale Extended Aeration process. The Kinetic parameters and treatment efficiency were as follows, * In the influent substrate concentration (540mg/ℓ), the estimated values for the kinetic parameters were Ks=42.96mg/ℓ,qmax=0.444 day-1, Y=0.292, kd=0.04 day¹, k=0.005 day-1 respectively. *The LAS removal rate was over 84% with Hydraulic retention time 1 day, 1.5 day, 2.5 day respectively. The substrate removal rate was became to 94% with 1 day 2.5 day hydraulic retention time, respectively.

위성방송용국산 SHF 수신기를 위한 신호처리 module의 개발

정기호,이무영 영남대학교 공업기술연구소 1984 연구보고 Vol.12 No.1

General performances and system configuration required for the Satellite broadcasting receiver for domestic utilization have been studied and proper systems designed with an emphasis laid on simplisity, low cost and compatibility with existing TV sets and community distribution systems. Based on the design, two signal processor units have been developed, which will become a major part of the receiver along which a downconverter and main-IF unit. The SPUs, which utilize new FM-AM conversion circuits developed by the authors are capable of limitting and converting incomming IF signal of 134.26 MHz and 378.5 MHz into AM signal with a linearity of less than 1~2 percent of deviation throughout the 27 MHz band: with very simple circuitry improve the popularity of the SHF receiver as a consumer item rather than expensive communication equipment.

Rhizopus oryzae를 이용한 바이오 디젤 생산

박상무,홍승준,이기영,김동운 全南大學校 觸媒硏究所 2002 觸媒硏究 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

Biodiesel was produced from soybean oil and methanol using fermentation broth or lipase. Production yield was 62% and 53.5% with purified Rhizopus oryzae lipase and Rhizopus oryzae broth respectively. This yield of biodiesel was highest in case of water content of 20%

점토벽돌제조용 원료로서 석탄회의 재활용성

나춘기,이무성,홍순강 木浦大學校 工業技術硏究所 1997 工業技術硏究誌 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the reusability of fly ashs produced by coal-fired power plants as an raw material in the manufacturing process of building resources such as brick, by investigating, in first, the mineralogical and chemical properties of raw materials including fly ashs of the Honam and the Samcheonpo thermal power plants and clay of the Hwangdeung area, and then examining the quility of pilot productions of fly ash-clay brick having various mixing proportions of fly ash. In general, the coal fly ashs separated in grain size under 200mesh and of Honam power plant have higher alkali contents but lower unburned carbon residues than those over 200mesh and of Samcheonpo power plant. This higher contents of alkali components such as CaO and Na2O and lower contents of unburned carbon have contributed to make dense structure in fly ahs-clay brick manufactured. Therefore, the clay brick manufactured by mixture of the Honam fly ash have more dence structure and much higher compressional strength than that of the Samcheonpo, and shows the trend of increasing the compressional strength from 1100-1300kg/㎠ to 170kg/㎠ with increasing the proportion of fly ash part from 10% to 50%. In contrast to Honam fly ash, the compressional strength of clay brick produced by the Samcheonpo fly ash decrease from 600-720kg/㎠ to 270-300kg/㎠ with increasing the mixing ratio of fly ash from 10% to 50%, due to high unburned carbon contents and low alkali contents of Samcheonpo fly ash.

마우스 종양발생에서 Nitric Oxide의 역할에 관한 연구 Ⅲ : Helicobacter pylori에 의해 유발된 마우스 위암에서 염증매개인자의 역할 The role of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in H. Pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis

남기택,오상연,조현무,이국경,강진석,제정환,최미나,한상욱,김대용,장동덕,양기화,안병우 식품의약품안전청 2001 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.5 No.-

feficotorfer fyf☞ri(Hp)가 위암파 관련이 있다는 역학적인 증거는 많이 있지만 이에 대한 정확한 기전에 대해선 밝혀져 있지 않고 있으며 실험동물 모델도 적절하지 못한 것으로 알려져있다. 본 실험에서는 위암의 원인으로 알려져 있는 f, fyforf'(Hp)를 이용하여 마우스에서 위암 모델을 확립하고 만성염증과정 중에 생성되는 리0와 COX-2 등의 발현이 위암발생에 미치는 명향을 통하여 예방과 치료를 위한 점근을 시도하고자 하였다. 마우스를 7군으로 나누어서 1, 2, 3, 4군의 등물은 MNU를 증류수에 200ppm 농도로 음수병득 이용하띤 10주간 격주로 투여하였으며 MHU 음술 투여 1주 휴씩 후 배양한 f. fyrofi 를 약 109cru/rfll 로 맞춰 한 마리당 0.1ml 씩 이틀 간격으로 세 번에 걸쳐 하룻방 금식시킨 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7군기 마우스의 위장에 투입하떴다. 균 투입을 마친 후 다응 날부터 2군쏙 6군은 iNOS 억제제인 aminoguanidine(AG)을 음수병으로 툰여하였으며 3군과 7군은 COX-2 척제제인 nimesulide(NSD)를 투여하였다. 위의 종양발생양상을 샅최보면 bfNU와 Hp만을 투여한 1 관 ; (hfNU +Hp), 2군 : iNO을 inhibitor 투여군(MNU+HP+AG'1. 3군 ;CO딘-2 Inilibitor 투여군(MNU누Hp누 NSD), 4군 ,MNlf 단독투여군, 5군 ;Hp 단독투여춘, 6군 ; 러p 단독에 AG투여군, 7군 , Hp 단독에 NSD투여군의 종양발샐을은 각각 쁜.Bff(l1/16), 70.6%f12/ti), 했.9ff(7/18), 10%(1/10), Off(O/IS)0%(O/S), 0%(O/5)의 발쟁율을 보여 iNOS 억제제인 AC은 좁양발생을 억계하지 못하였으며, COX-2억제제인 NSD 는 종양발생을 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 콩양발생개수에서는 2.62±0.36, 1.41츠0.14, 0.44 르0.12, 0.10±0.10을 보여 AC와 NSD에서 유의성 있게 발생개수를 줄였다. Hp 단독투여에 의해즌는 종양발생이 나타나지 않았으며 HP+AG, Hp+ IfSD 추여군에콕 시험증료 시점에 약물에 의해 Hp의 제균효과가 있는지의 여부를 확인끓기 위하여 PCR을 이용하여 확인한 결과 모두 양성인 것으로 나타나 Hp의 제균효과에 의한 촐양발생 억제가 일어나지는 않았다. 위의 결과로 볼 때 Hp는 위암발생을 촉진하는 것으로 나타났고 딘p 감염시 매개되는 염증인자를 억제하였을 때 종양발생을 억제하는 것으로 위암 발생에서 염증매개인자는 종양을 촉진하는 것으로 나타났으며 it,705 억제제쓱 COX-』 억제제의 위알 예밭효과fl는 효과적일 것으로 사료된다 In spite of a large volume of epidemiological evidence indicating significant relationship between H. pylori infection and gastric adenocarcinoma, a doubt still exists on an elevated risk of stomach cancer by H. pylori infection due to lack of direct evidence of their exact mechanistic link. It is, therefore, essential to have an appropriate animal model for detailed analysis of the role of H. pylori played in gastric carcinogenesis. There is a wealth of evidence to support that over production of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) is involved in the pathogensis of various cancer in both rodents and humans. The aim of this study was to establish a mouse model for H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis and to identify the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) played during the gastric carcinogenesis in mice. Eighty-three specific pathogen free, six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into seven groups. Animals of the group 1, 2, 3, 4 were given MNU in their drinking water at the concentration of 200 p.p.m. for total five cycles of one-week regimen with one-week pause. After completion of MNU administration, they were given autoclaved distilled water for one weeks, and groups 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 were inoculated with H. pylori. After completion of H. pylori. inoculation, groups 2 and 6 were given aminoguanidine in their drinking water at concentration of 1000p.p.m. and animals of group 3 and 7 were given the diet containing 200 ppm nimesulide at 12 weeks of age. All animals were killed at 50 weeks of age. The incidences of the glandular stomach tumors in the group 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 87.5%(14/16), 76.4%(13/17), 44.4(8/18), 10.0%(1/10), respectively and the tumor incidence of group 3(MNU→Hp+nimesulide) was significantly lower than those of group 1(MNU→Hp) at the value of P<0.01. The average numbers of tumors of group 2(MNU→Hp+AG : 1.41±0.24) and group 3(MNU→Hp+nimesulide : 0.44±0.12) were significantly lower than those of group 1(MNU→Hp : 2.62±0.36) at the value of P<0.05. Therefore, overproduced iNOS and COX-2 plays an important role in mice gastric carcinogenesis. We concluded iNOS and COX-2 inhibitor have good effects on gastric carcinogenesis.

최대근력부하와 폭발적 근력부하에 의한 신경-근피로와 그 회복과정 비교 분석

유관호,이무연,이승훈,김민섭,육조영,임정일,임완기,김대경 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.5

The result which was gained from this study is as follows. From the conclusion of this study it was confirmed that resistant motion at high level strength brings about rise in density of lactate in blood at the same time decline of muscular power and generates acute fatigue of nerve-muscle accompanied by decline in electrical activity of muscle. On the other hand explosive loading produced fatigue at body center and decline in nervine-muscular activity particularly for men, In case of women explosive load did not produce fatigue in the same level as men and they were also quicker in recovery after exercise. Based on 2 types of loading method used in this study there was clearly difference in the process of restoration from resistant motion. For greater decline in muscular power and electromyogram activity more longer period of recovery was require.

티타늄 상에 강유전성 barium titanate 박막 형성과 분극처리에 의한 유사체액 내에서의 calcium phosphate 생성 증진

박영준,이용렬,황규석,김은주,임용무,이기헌 대한치과기재학회 2001 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.28 No.2

This study was performed to fabricate a ferroelectric barium titanate (BaTiO₃, BTO) thin film on Ti substrate and to evaluate the effect of poling treatment for the improvement of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation. BTO thin-film was spin-coated on Ti substrate by dipping-pyrolysis technique using coating sol obtained by mixing Ba-naphthenate and Ti-naphthenate as starting substances. Pre-heating temperature of the BTO thin film was performed at 500℃ because organic-solvent was completely volatilized without any crystal growth, and the final heat treatment was performed at 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850℃, respectively. By repeating the coating and pre-heating procedure gor 20 times, homogeneous thin film of 0.7㎛ thickness could be fabricated, and it performed well during the poling treatment without breakdown. The final heating treatment of the BTO thin film at 750℃ produced a homogeneous crystalline structure without heterogeneous TiO₂formation, which was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction analyser (XRD). An average grain size of 20∼30 ㎚ were confirmed by SEM observation. The final heat-treated BTO thin-films were polarized (Ep = 5 V/㎛) from 160℃ to 25℃ in heating chamber for 2 h. The negatively poled BTO thin film (N-BTO), non-poled BTO thin film (BTO), Ti substrate (Ti), and 600℃ heat-treated Ti (Ti-O) were immersed in SBF and Eagle's MEM solution for 15 days at 37℃. After the immersion period, the morphological and compositional changes of the surfaces were investigated using a FE-SEM and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). After immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), sodium chloride (Nacl) crystals were formed on Ti, Ti-O, and BTO surfaces due to anion adsorption (Cl), while Ca-P crystals were formed on N-BTO surfaces. We assumed that rapidly adsorded cations (Ca²□ ions) on the negatively charged surface at the initial stage acted as nuclei for the formation of Ca-P crystals. In MEM, sodium chloride (NaCl) was formed on Ti, and Ca-P layer including NaCl was formed on Ti-O. Weak and sparse Ca-P layers were formed on BTO, while thick, homogeneous, and dense Ca-P layer was formed on N-BTO, which was confirmed by FE-SEM and EDX. These results demonstrated that introducing a N-BTO on Ti is an effective method for the improvement of Ca-P formation in SBF and MEM. In conclusion, negatively charged ferroelectric BTO thin-film on Ti would improve the possibility of implant osseointegration.

SM709, Ingredient of Antimelanogenic Bamboo Extract, Blocks Endothelin-1-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ Increase in Human Melanocytes

Kim, Shin-Hee,Lee, Ki-Mu,Kim, Hyo-Shin,Lee, Gyu-Seung,Jeon, Byeong-Hwa,Kim, Kwang-Jin,Park, Jin-Bong The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2003 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.7 No.6

Endothelins secreted from keratinocytes are intrinsic mitogens and melanogens of human melanocytes in UVB-induced hyperpigmentation. To elucidate the cellular mechanism of antimelanogenic activity of bamboo extract, the effects of three ingredients of bamboo extract on endothelin 1 (ET-1)-induced $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization were investigated in cultured human melanocytes. ET-1 receptors in human melanocytes were characterized by using specific antagonist, and ET-1 was found to increase intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) by activating ET-B receptor. SM709 (1,2-O-diferulyl-glycerol), an ingredient of bamboo extract, inhibited ET-1-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, although another ingredients SM707 and SM708 had no effect on ET-1-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in human melanocytes. SM709 ($100{\mu}M$), however, did not affect $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase induced by thapsigargin and caffeine, suggesting that SM709 has no effect on the $Ca^{2+}$ store in melanocytes. Furthermore, SM709 did not affect $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase induced by LPA or ATP, known as G protein-mediated PLC activators like ET-1. Taken together, it is suggested that SM709 antagonizes ET-1-induced transmembrane signaling through ET-B receptor, which maybe a possible underlying mechanism of antimelanogenic activity of bamboo extract in human melanocytes.