기능성 소화불량증 환자의 질병특이적 삶의 질과 질병 의거

이상열,박민철,최석채,설지환,서현우,류미경,최명규 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2004 圓光醫科學 Vol.19 No.1

집단 따돌림 피해학생을 대상으로 한 인지행동적 집단치료 개발을 위한 예비 연구

이주현,신지용,연병길,한창환 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2000 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.11 No.2

본 연구는 집단 따돌림 피해학생을 대상으로 시행한 인지행동적 집단치료의 개발을 위한 예비 연구이다. 정상적인 중학교 1학년 학생 202명에게 도덕발달수준척도, 오퍼 자아상척도, 우울 및 상태ㆍ특성불안척도의 분포와 상관관계를 조사하였다. 자아상과 우울, 불안은 서로 강한 상관관계를 보였으나, 도덕발달과는 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 이는 도덕발달이 정서에 크게 영향받지 않고 인지 발달적 과정에 의존하는 것을 시사한다. 그리고 교사의 관찰에 의해 집단 따돌림 피해를 받으면서 학교 적용에 어려움을 보이는 중학교 1학년 학생 5명의 도덕발달수준척도, 오퍼 자아상척도, 우울 및 상태ㆍ특성불안척도는 전체 집단과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이 피해학생들을 대상으로 12회에 걸쳐 인지적 집단 정신치료를 시행하고, 치료 전후에 상기 4가지 척도의 변화를 평가하여 효용성을 검정하였으나 통계학적으로 유의한 변화는 없었다. 그러나 참가 학생들이 치료 기간 중에 기재한 일기에서 확인되는 심리적 마음자세(psychological mindedness)의 향상과 담임 교사의 긍정적인 평가보고는 의미있는 것으로 생각되었다. 중심 단어 : 집단 따돌림ㆍ인지행동적 집단치료ㆍ청소년ㆍ자아상ㆍ도덕발달ㆍ우울ㆍ불안 Bullying is the intentional, unprovoked abuse of power by one or more children to inflict pain on or cause distress to another child on repented occasions. Bullying can be considered to be a form of child abuse : peer abuse. Victims suffer adverse effects in the short and long term. If bullying is regarded as a form of abuse then professionals have a duty to detect it, take it seriously, and ensure that it is deal with to reduce the child's suffering and minimize the potential long term effects. This study is aimed preliminarily the development of cognitive behavioral group therapy for school bullied. 202 normal middle school freshman responded to self report scales-Offer's Self-Image Questionnaire-Revised, Children's Depression Inventory, Spielberger State/Trait Anxiety scale, and Defining Issues Test. The data were analyzed with Pearson's correlation to test the relationship among the above 4 variables. Self Image, depression, and anxiety were correlated strongly each other. But moral development was not correlated with self image, depression, and anxiety. Five school bullied students were referred by their teacher for school maladjustment. The author tried 12 sessions of Cognitive-Behavioral group therapy and assessed their behaviors pre- and post intervention by above 4 scales. There were no significant different intervention effects statistically. But It is meaningful that improvement of psychological mindedness in diary written by subject in treatment sessions KEY WORDS : School bullyingㆍCognitive-behavioral group therapyㆍAdolescentㆍSelf imageㆍMoral developmentㆍDepressionㆍAnxiety

우리나라 기업의 조세혜택과 내재적 조세에 관한 실증적 연구

이양현,김지범,윤지환 중앙대학교 산업경영연구소 2000 산업경영연구 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구는 Scholes & Wolfson(1992) 의 「Taxes and Business Sstrategy」에서 효율적으로 세무계획을 하려면 투자와 자금조달결정에 있어서 외형적 조세(Explicit Tax)뿐만 아니라 내재적 조세(Implicit Tax)와 같은 간접적인 세금의 효과도 고려해야 한다는데 착안하여 우리 나라 기업소득에 대한 내재적 조세를 이론적으로 분석하고, 실증적으로 검증하였다. 그리고 내재적 조세의 발생에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 원인변수인 조세혜택에 기업특성변수가 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석결과 조세혜택기업(租稅惠澤企業)과 조세비혜택기업(租稅非惠澤企業) 사이에 부채비율, 수출비율, 자본집약도입비율, 이익증가율 등은 유의적인 차이가 있었지만, 기업규모, 연구개발비율은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 기업에 대한 조세혜택의 증가가 세전자기자본수익률의 감소를 가져올 것이라는 내재적 조세가설(內在的 租稅假說)을 실증분석한 결과 표본기간에 걸쳐 표본전체기업을 대상으로 한 분석에서는 독립변수인 세전자기자본조세혜택비율(稅前自己資本租稅惠澤比率)과 종속변수인 세전자기자본수익율(稅前自己資本收益率) 간에는 유의적인 음(-)의 상관관계가 나타나 내재적 조세가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. Previous horizontal equity studies have measured the variation in explicit taxes only, when both implicit and explicit taxes are considered, apparent horizontal in equity disappear and all that remains is variation due to market imperfection. Researchers have long known of suspected that omitting implicit taxes is a problem in the examining of horizontal equity on the total tax burden. Scholes and Wolfson's(1992) definition of implicit taxes and the advent of experimental markets research provide opportunities to demonstrate the effects of implicit taxes on the measurement of horizontal equity. The concept of implicit tax is based on perfectly competitive market at equilibrium. So the after-tax returns of all investments are equal after adjusting for risk. The empirical test was complied to these two sub samples. tax-advantaged firms and tax-disadvantaged firms. The result of study provides an empirical evidence that there exists a significant inverse relation between pre-tax return and tax subsidy among only tax-disadvantaged firms listed on the korean stock market. Results of previous empirical studies are consistent with the predictions of implicit tax by hypothesis and are statistically significant inverse relation between tax subsidy(PTTSE) and pre-tax return(PTROE), but the empirical relation is weaker than predicted for a pertectly competitive and frictionless market, which is due to presence of market frictions or systematic measurement error. There finding should allow policy makers to enact more effective legislation and enable researchers to construct experiments that have greater power and more internal validity.

리튬이 도핑된 막을 이용한 실리콘-실리콘 접합

정지원,주병권,최우범,정성재,이남양,최두진,오명환 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

Silicon-to-silicon anodic bonding was accomplished using lithium doped interlayer. Lithium doped interlayers were deposited on silicon substrates by electron beam evaporation, which has a fast deposition rate compared with sputtering method. Silicon-to-silicon bonding occurs in the range of temperatures from 250℃ to 300℃ with the applied voltages from 70V_(DC) to 100V_(DC). The bonding strength obtained from tensile test was about 5MPa under the condition of 80V_(DC) in 300℃. The surface morphology of lithium doped interlayer was studied with the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Finally, secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analysis was carried out in order to investigate the role of the lithium ions in bonding mechanism.

통영 연안 해역에서의 미생물 분포

장지철,김말남,이진환,김종만 한국환경생물학회 2000 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Surface and bottom water samples were collected from 10 stations located in the coastal area of Tongyong in April, August and October 2000. Distribution of heterotrophic bacteria, coliform bacteria and fungi in the sea water samples was investigated by measuring the comrresponding viable cell number according to the plate counting method. Heterotrophic bacteria in the surface water counted 3.1×10 exp∼4.0×10 exp (3) cfu ml^1, 2.7×10 exp∼1.2×10 exp (5) cfu ml^-1 and 1.3×10 exp (2)∼7.2×10 exp (2) cfu ml^1 in April, August and October, respectively. The cell number of coliform bacteria in the surface water amounted to 0∼15×10 exp (1) cfu ml^-1, 3.5×10 exp (1)∼5.2×10 exp (3) cfu ml^-1 and 0∼1.8×10 exp (2) cfu ml^-1 in April, August and October, respectively. As for fungi, the cell number in the surface water was 0∼3.0×10 exp (1) propagules ml^-1, 3.0×10 exp (1)∼8.0×10 exp (1) propagules ml^-1 and 0∼2.2×10 exp (1) propagules ml^-1 in April, August and October respectively. The surface water samples from the station 3 in August were added with feed staffs for fish as much as 0.01gl^-1, 0.1gl^-1 and 1gl^-1 and cultured at 5℃, 15℃, 25℃ and 35℃. Microbial cells were not isolated at all when the culturing temperature was 5℃. However, the microbial cell number increased significantly in all the surface water samples containing 1gl^-1 of the feed stuffs when cultured at 15℃, 25℃ and 35℃.

임플란트 주위 조직 보존을 위한 임플란트 경부의 디자인에 관한 고찰

김홍준,김지환,김성태,이재훈,박영범 大韓齒科保存學會 2011 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.36 No.6

연구 목적: 임플란트 식립 후 변연골 흡수에 따라 임플란트 주위 연조직이 재구성되며, 이에 따라 치료의 예후 및 심미성 등에 영향을 주게 된다. 그러므로 임플란트 경부 주위 골조직 보존을 위한 임플란트 경부에 다양한 디자인이 연구되고 있다. 본 고찰의 목적은 초기 변연골 흡수의 원인과 이에 따른 임플란트 주위의 연조직 변화에 대해 고찰하고, 어떠한 임플란트 경부 디자인이 임플란트 주위 조직의 보존에 유리한 지 알아보고자 한다. 연구 재료 및 방법: Pubmed database에서 임플란트 초기 변연골 흡수의 원인과 관련된 논문과 임플란트 경부의 여러 디자인에 관한 논문을 검색하여 분석하였다. 임플란트 경부 디자인은 one piece implant, two piece implant, internal hex abutment, external hex abutment, taper joint connection, butt joint connection, scalloped design abutment, platform switching concept에 관해 검토하였다. 결과: 초기의 임플란트 주위 조직 보존에 대하여 one piece implant가 two piece implant보다 유리한 것으로 여러 임상적, 실험적 연구가 있다. Two piece implant에서는 internal hex abutment가 external hex abutment보다, taper joint connection가 butt joint connection보다 유리할 것으로 보여진다. Scalloped design abutment에 대해서는 논쟁의 여지가 있어 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. Platform switching concept은 그 원인이 명확히 밝혀지지는 않았으나 임상적, 실험적으로 초기 임플란트 주위 조직 보존에 대해 유리한 것으로 판단된다. 결론: 임플란트 경부의 디자인마다 각각의 장단점이 있고 추가적인 연구가 더 필요한 제한이 있지만 현재까지의 선행 연구들을 분석 종합해 보면 초기 임플란트 주위 조직 보존을 고려한다면 가능한 경우 one piece implant가 유리할 것으로 판단되며, 보철적인 문제나 다른 이유로 인하여 two piece implant를 고려할 경우 platform switching concept, internal connection abutment, taper joint connection을 이용하는 것이 임플란트 주위 조직 보존에 좀더 유리할 것으로 사료된다 Purpose: The peri-implant soft tissue is remodeled by the initial marginal bone resorption affecting the prognosis and esthetic result of treatment. Thus various designs on implant neck design are studied to preserve peri-implant bone. The purpose of this study is to review on the causes of initial marginal bone resorption, the configuration of peri-implant soft tissue, and the implant crestal module favorable in preserving peri-implant tissue. Materials and methods: The studies on the causes of initial marginal bone resorption and the implant crestal modules are researched and reviewed using Pubmed database. The implant crestal modules including one piece and two-piece implant, internal and external hex abutment, taper and butt joint connection, scalloped design abutment, and platform switching concept are reviewed. Results: A number of clinical and experimental studies preferred one piece implant to two-piece in preserving initial peri-implant tissue. For two piece implants, internal hex abutment and taper joint connection appear more favorable than external hex abutment and butt joint connection relatively. Controversial issues still exist on scalloped design requiring more studies on it. Although the rationale is not certain, the concept of platform switching seems favorable in preserving initial peri-implant tissue based on clinical and experimental studies. Conclusion: Each implant crestal module contains its own advantages and disadvantages with various controversial issues. In the aspect of preservation of initial peri-implant tissue, however, one-piece implant seems beneficial. In cases when two-piece implant is more appropriate due to prosthodontic concerns or any other problems, the application of platform switching concept, internal connection abutment, and taper joint connection may be favorable for the preservation of peri-implant tissues.

세라믹 분리막을 이용한 염료용액 처리에서의 역세척 효과

양정목,김현기,이병환,김상용,김지형 경희대학교 2004 環境硏究 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

The composition of wastewater from dyeing and textile industry is highly variable depending on the dyestuff type. generally the wastewater has high levels of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and color. The decolorization, Total Organic carbon (TOC) removal and petnleate flux used were examined using reactive yellow 84 as dye and ceramic membrane process. On addition, dye particle size distribution, clean water flux and Molecular Weight Cut-Off (MWCO) were measured. The backflushing results show that best permeate flux was obtained when backflushing was performed 3 seconds every 2 minutes at A bar from the pei meaty side. the backflushing frequency and pulse were the most important factors affecting the permeate flux.

ZnO 박막 센서의 암모니아 가스 검지 특성

최우창,김성우,류지열,박성현,최혁환,이명교,권태하 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

The ammonia gas sensors were fabricated with the ZnO-based thin films grown by a RF magnetron sputtering method. We investigated the sensitivity and response time according to temperature variation and ammonia gas concentration. The sensors sputtered in oxygen atmosphere showed higher sensitivity than those sputtered in argon atmosphere. The Au(0.3 wt.%) doped-ZnO thin film sensors aged at 330 ℃ showed the maximum sensitivity of 28 and good response time at a working temperature of 250 ℃ and to 160 ppm ammonia gas. The Pt(0.1 wt.%) doped-ZnO thin film sensors showed the maximum sensitivity at a low working temperature of 200 ℃.

TMA 가스센서용 마이크로히터 발열특성 연구

박성현,최우창,김성우,류지열,최혁환,이명교,권태하 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

The microheaters with Si_(3)N_(4)(1500Å)/SiO_(2)(3000Å)/Si_(3)N_(4)( 1500Å) diaphragm were fabricated by thin film technology and silicon micromachining techniques. Pt and poly-Si(n+) materials were used as heater materials of microheater. Pt temperature sensor was fabricated to detect the temperature of microheaters. The thermal analysis including temperature distribution on diaphragm and power consumption of the microheater were executed by the FEM method and heat transfer equations. The power consumption of the Pt and poly-Si(n+) heaters were measured and compared to that of thermal analysis by FEM simulation.

ZnO 박막 센서의 DMA 가스 검지 특성

김성우,최우창,류지열,박성현,최혁환,이명교,권태하 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

The DMA(Dimethylamine) gas sensors were fabricated with the ZnO-based thin films grown by a RF magnetron sputtering method. We investigated the sensitivity and response time according to temperature variation and DMA gas concentration. The ZnO-based thin film sensors sputtered in oxygen atmosphere showed higher sensitivity than those sputtered in argon atmosphere. The ZnO-based thin film sensors doped with Al_(2)O_(3), In_(2)O_(3) and V_(2)O_(5) and sputtered in oxygen atmosphere showed the maximum sensitivity of 218(working temperature, 250 ℃, DMA gas, 160 ppm) and speedy response time. The ZnO-based thin film sensors doped with Al_(2)O_(3), In_(2)O_(3), TiO_(2) and V_(2)O_(5), sputtered in oxygen atmosphere and aged at 330 ℃ showed the maximum sensitivity of 156(working temperature, 250 ℃, DMA gas, 160 ppm).