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Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) 분해세균의 선택적 분리
김말남 한국환경생물학회 1998 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.16 No.4
탄소원과 에너지원으로 PHB를 이용하는 세균을 난지하수종말처리장의 활성오니로부터 분리하여 Corynebacterium jeikeium A Kej 8로 동정하였다. 27℃, 37℃ 및 60℃에서의 PHB 생분해성을 비교하였을 때 37℃에서 분해가 가장 빠르게 진행되었고, 60℃에서는 분해가 거의 일어나지 않았다. 각 폴리에스테르에 대한 C. jeikeium A KEJ 8의 생분해성을 변형 Sturm test법으로 조사한 결과는 반응 30일째에 PHB는 36.4%, PLA는 21.5%, PHB/HV 5%는 33.7%, PHB/HV 11%는 37.2%의 생분해도를 나타내었다. 생분해 후의 종합체 필름 표면의 형태 변화를 SEM으로 조사하였다. A bacteria capable of degrading and utilizing PHB as sole carbon and energy source was isolated from the activated sludge of Nanji sewage water treatment plant. The strain was identified as Corynebacterium jeikeium A KEJ 8. Biodegradability of PHB was measured at 27℃, 37℃ and 60℃ and it degraded faster at 37℃ than at the two other temperatures. Biodegradability of PBH, PLA, PHB/HV 5% and PHB/HV 11% by C. jeikeium A KEJ 8 was investigated using the modified Sturm test. The degradation of PHB, PLA, PHB/HV 5% and PHB/HV 11% for 30 days by the isolated strain showed 36.4%, 21.5%, 33.7% and 37.2% respectively. The morphology of polymer surface film after biodegradation was observed by SEM.
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Aspergillus phoenicis Whole Cell 의 β-Galactosidase 활성에 관한 연구
김말남 한국균학회 1983 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.11 No.3
β-Galactosidase activity of Aspergillus phoenicis was studied using ONPG and lactose as substrate. It increased monotonically during the exponential growth phase and dropped rapidly at the beginning of the stationary one. It exhibited high tolerable temperature and acidic optimal pH which provides certain advantages from the industrial view point. Enzyme of β-galactosidase had more subsrate affinity for ONPG than for lactose and its apparent maximum activity was also higher with the former as substrate. Activity of this enzyme depended upon the conditions of immobilization. Optimum crosslinking reaction was occurred at pH 7.2 and 0.35 vol. % of glutaraldehyde concentration.
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Pellicularia fillamentosa로부터 Steroid 11$\beta$-hydroxylase의 유도
김말남,김영숙 한국미생물학회 1989 미생물학회지 Vol.27 No.4
Reichstein's substance S의 $11\beta$-hydroxylation 활성이 있는 균주를 선택하고자 21 균주를 실험한 결과 4균주에서 $11\beta$-hydroxylation의 활성이 발견되었으며, 그 중 Pellicularia fillamentosark 가장 높은 효소활성을 보였다. 이 균주의 $11\beta$-hydroxylation의 합성을 강력하게 저해하였다. $11\beta$-hydroxylation의 최적 pH 범위는 2.0-8.0으로 광범위하였다. 성장단계 중 균사체 분지시기와 완전하게 성숙한 균사체 시기에 효소합성의 유도가 가장 활발하였으며, 70시간 배양된 균사체가 가장 좋았다. 반면, 포자에는 기질에 의한 $11\beta$-hydroxylation의 유도현상이 없는 것으로 판정되었다. Twenty-one strains were tested for 11$\beta$-hydroxylation of Reichstein's substance S. Four fungi exhibited ability for the reaction, among which Pellicularia fillamentosa showed the highest activity. The 11$\beta$-hydroxylase of this fungus was proved to be induced by the substrate, cycloheximide reducing significantly the activity of the enzyme. Range of optimum pH for the 11$\beta$-hydroxylation was broad and found to be 2.0-8.0. Test of the enzyme activity at different growing stages, from spore to mycelia, showed that the branching stage of hyphae and the mature mycelial stage were the most effective for the Reichstein's substance S transformation. However, 11$\beta$-hydroxylase in the intact spore was turned out to be uninducible with the substrate.
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Aspergillus phoenicis를 이용한 steroid의 변형
김말남,이영종 한국미생물학회 1985 미생물학회지 Vol.23 No.4
The dependence of activities of Aspergillus phoenicis on the culture conditions in the progesterone transformation reaction was investigated. In the beginning of the reaction, $6{\beta},\;11{\alpha}-dihydroxyprogesterone$ was not produced even at high concentration of $11{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$. However, large amount of the product was obtained after the complete exhaustion of progesterone. When spores of A.phoenicis replaced mycelia as enzyme source, $11{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$ was produced after a considerably long indyction period, and its maximum production rate followed the exponential growth phase. The $6{\beta}-hydroxylation\;of\;11{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$ continued, even after the stationary growth phase. A. phoenicis showed high enzyme activity for these reactions when the phosphate buffer solutions were used in place of the ordinary culture medium. The buffer solutions of low pH gave more yield of $11{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$ than those of high pH. However, the addition of flucose to the buffer solutions did not activate the transformation reaction. The presence of progesterone seems to be necessary for the induction of enzymes for the $6{\beta}-hydroxylation\;of\;11{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone\;since\;6{\beta},\;11{\alpha}-dihydroxyprogesterone$ is not produced in the reaction medium containing only $11{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$ as a substrate.
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활성오니 미생물에 의한 PLLA 와 그 블렌드의 생분해
김말남,김근화 ( Mal Nam Kim,Keun Hwa Kim ) 한국환경생물학회 1997 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.15 No.2
Dependence of biodegradability of Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and its blends on molecular weight and compatibility was explored using microorganisms in an activated sludge. The microorganisms metabolited PLLA relatively easily into CO_2 when the molecular weight of PLLA was as low as 6,000g/mol. However the molecular weight effect on the biodegradability leveled off when the molecular weight exceeded 12,000 g/mol. Biodegradability of PLLA blended with poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) which is recalcitrant against biodegradation varied along with the compatibility of the blend. Addition of EVA85 (vinyl acetate content of 85 wt%) into PLLA decreased the biodegradability rapidly while EVA70 (vinyl acetate content of 70 wt%) lowered the biodegradability relatively slowly.
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김말남 상명대학교 기초과학연구소 1997 기초과학연구 Vol.10 No.-
탄소원과 에너지원으로 PHB를 이용하는 세균을 난지 하수종말처리장에서 채취한 활성오니로부터 분리하였다. PHB 분해능이 가장 우수한 균주 1주를 선택하여 Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum KEJ 7로 동정하였다. C. pseudodiphtheriticum KEJ 7에 의한 PHB, PHB/HV 5%, PHB/HV 1% 및 PLLA의 생분해성을 변형 Sturm test 법으로 조사하였을 때 PHB 및 PHB/HV copolymer는 34-36%의 분해도를 나타내었으며, HV의 함량에 따라 약간의 분해도 차이를 보였다. 이에 비하여 PLLA는 28% 정도로 비교적 낮게 분해되었다. 27℃, 37℃ 및 60℃로 온도를 달리하여 PHB 생분해성을 조사한 결과 37℃에서 분해능이 비교적 높게 나타났다. A bacteria capable of degrading and utilizing PHB as sole carbon and energy source was isolated from the activated sludge of Nanji sewage water treatment plant. One strain, exhibiting the most effective capability for the PHB degradation, was identified as Corynebaderium pseudodiphtheriticum KEJ 7. Biodegradability of PHB, PHB/HV 5%, PHB/HV 11% and PLLA by C. pseudodiphtheriticum KEJ 7 was investigated using the modified Sturm test. The degradation of PHB and PHB/HV copolymers by the isolated strain showed 34-36% of biodegradability, and it depended upon the HV content of the polymers. On the other hand, PLLA showed 28% of biodegradability. Biodegradability of PHB was measured at 27℃, 37℃, and 60 C and it degraded faster at 37 C than at two other temperatures.
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