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p-니트로톨루엔과 Fe(CO)_(5)로 부터의 p-톨루이딘 합성에 대한 상이동 촉매의 응용
박대원,문정열 부산대학교 1995 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.48 No.-
The application of phase transfer catalysts to the reduction of p-nitrotoluene by Fe(CO)_(5) has been investigated in this study. Quaternary ammonium salts and polyethylene glycols were used as phase transfer catalyst. The phase transfer catalytic system of p-nitrotoluene and Fe(CO)_(5) in organic solvent contacted with aqueous NaOH solution showed a good yield of p-toluidine at 1 atm and room temperature. Quaternary ammonium salt catalysts with larger alkyl group more hydrophilic counter anions showed higher conversion of p-nitrotoluene. Immobilization of PEG on various oxide supports was also performed in this work and γ-Alumina, having the largest specific surface area, showed the highest activity. 본 연구는 p-니트로톨루엔을 Fe(CO)_(5) 로 환원시켜 p-톨루이딘을 합성하는데 있어서 상이동 촉매의 특성을 고찰한 것이다. 상이동 촉매로는 4급 암모늄염과 폴리에틸렌글리콜을 사용하였고 p-니트로톨루엔과 Fe(CO)_(5)이 용해된 유기상과 NaOH 수용액상을 접촉시킨 상이동 촉매 반응은 상온, 상압에서 높은 수율로 p-톨루이딘을 합성할 수 있었다. 4급 암모늄염 촉매의 알칼기가 클수록 그리고 짝음이온의 친수성이 증가할수록 p-니트로톨루엔의 전화율이 증가하였다. PEG를 여러 가지 산화물 담체에 고정화시킨 경우 비표면적이 큰 γ-알루미나가 가장 높은 활성을 보여 주었다.
위 유문동 평활근 세포에서 Caffeine에 의해 활성화되는 이온 전류에 관한 연구
정인원,이무열,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1992 中央醫大誌 Vol.17 No.3
In order to clarify the existence of the non-selective cationic channel of CI^- -channel in gastric antral smooth muscle cells which suggested to play a critical role in generation and maintenance of depolarization and exitability, the whole cell mode of patch-clamp experiment was conducted. Following results were obtained ; 1. Puff injection of caffeine induced the increase of inward currents in the hyperpolarized holding potential ranges, and the increase of outward currents in the hypopolarized range. 2. In the case of blocking of all known currents, these current components were observed. 3. These current components were disappeared when known as a Cl^- -channel blocking agent was treated and intracellular EGTA concentration was increased. The above results could be concluded that these current components strongly suggested as a Ca^2+ -dependent Cl^- current in the gastric antral smooth muscle cells.
이대열,정원배 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1997 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.52 No.-
최근 환경규제가 강화되면서 주로 매립에만 의존하던 제철공정에서 발생하는 분진 및 슬러지 등의 폐기물을 재활용하는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 소결공정에서 발생하는 전기집진 분진(Fe₂O₃원)과 석회석 수세시 발생하는 슬러지(CaO,원)를 7:3 비율로 혼합한 후 1150∼1200℃에서 소성하여 철광석 소결광의 결합물질인 Calcium ferrite를 인위적으로 제조하였으며 이를 소결원료중 석회석과 대체하여 소결모사 시험을를 실시한 결과 소결생산성 및 소결광의 강도가 향상되었다. Recently, anti-pollution technologies have become a necessity and are required to protect the environment of the air, ground and water. A total recycling system was studied in order to produce the synthetic calcium ferrite (SCF) from wastes including a sinter waste E.P. (Electrostatic Precipitator) dust and limestone sludge, to be used as the flux in the sintering process. SCF could be made from a sinter waste E.P. dust and limestone sludge in a mixing ratio of 7:3 at a sintering temperature of 1150∼1200℃. In sinter simulation pot tests, the productivity and strength of the sinter showed a tendency to improve as the substitution ratio of the SCF increases from 0 to 50%.
위 윤상근 세포의 Ca^2+-의존성 K^+-전류에 미치는 Ascorbate의 효과
배정원,이무열,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1991 中央醫大誌 Vol.16 No.2
In order to observe the effect of ascorbate on the Ca^2+-activated K^+ current in pyloric circular muscle cells which plays a critical role in generation and maintenance of repolarization and automatism, apart of pyloric circular muscle tissue was excised out, digested in collagenase containing Ca^2+-free physiological solution to get single circular muscle cells and the whole cell mode of patch-clamp experiment was conducted. Following results were obtained : 1. Oscillatory outward current was reduced by ascorbate in case of high intrapipette Ca^2+ concentration in whole voltage range and was enhanced in case of low intrapipette Ca^2+ concentration. 2. Oscillatory outward current was reduced in Ca^2+-free physiological solution with calcium channel blocker and not effected by ascorbate. 3. There were no qualitative differences among the control and ascorbate-treated group in effects of pH, steady state inactivation and the remaining component of the outward current. The above results could be concluded that ascorbate effects calcium-dependent component of the oscillatory outward current in the pyloric circular smooth muscle cells.
Ca^(2+)―작동성 Cl^-전류에 미치는 이차 전령들의 효과
송인섭,이무열,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1993 中央醫大誌 Vol.18 No.3
The anion movements across the cell membrane were regarded as apart of passive distribution according to the cation movements. Recently, from the developement of patch clamp technique new concept for anion channels were introduced. And their roles in the genesis of action potential and resting potential were noticed. So we clarified the existence of the chloride channel in the smooth muscle cells and studied its nature in regard to the roles of the second messangers. We used the whold cell voltage clamp technique to study the current responses induced by carbachol application in the circular smooth muscle cells of the gastric antrum of the rabbit. The results were as follows; 1. Application of the carbachol induced the increase of inward currents in the hyperpolarized potential ranges, and the increase of outward currents in the depolarized ranges. 2. Even in the cases of blocking all the known currents, these current components were observed. 3. Sodium ion removel from the external medium rarely affected these current responses, and the addition of cadmium ion did not make any remarkable change. 4. Known second messangers such as c-AMP, c-GMP, heparin, A1F_4 rarely affected these current components. 5. Lowering of intracellular calcium ion concentration drastically reduced these current responses. Form the above results we can suggest that the carbachol induced current responses contained chloride currents which were activated by only intracellular calcium ion, not by any other second messegers in the gastric antral smooth muscle cells.
( Won Ho Lee ),( Dong Hyun Kim ),( Hye In Ahn ),( Jae Ung Kim ),( Dae Yeol Kim ),( Un Yeon Cho ) 한국전통조경학회(구 한국정원학회) 2014 Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landsca Vol.12 No.-
본 연구는 근대 이후 광한루원의 변화양상을 살펴보기 위해 신문이나 잡지 등의 문헌자료를 분석하였으며, 이를 토대로 광한루원의 변화양상과 그 요인을 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다.2첫째, 요천에서 흘러들어오는 지류의 수리사업을 통해 성외장시가 확대되면서 광한루원 일대가 상업지구로서의 기능을 지니게 되었다. 둘째, 1930년 춘향각의 조성과 함께 기존 관아누각으로서의 장소성이 춘향을 테마로 하는 관광지 성격으로 전환되었으며, 춘향제의 개최와 더불어 지역축제의 장으로서 공공에게 열린 공간으로 전이되었다. 셋째, 광한루원 남측 시장 화재 발생에 의한 이전이 해당하는데, 시장의 이전에 따른 유휴지 형태의 기존 토지는 남원군에서 광한루원 경역확장사업을 통해 대거 매입하여 광한루원 내에 편입되었다. 넷째, 광한루 동측 관광자원화 사업의 일환으로 춘향의 충절을 기리기 위한 춘향각이 조성되었으며, 이에 따라 기존사유지가 광한루원 내로 편입되면서 오늘에 이르렀다. 다섯째, 최근에 들어 광한루원 일대가 명승으로 재분류되면서 문화유산을 활용한 구도심 활성화 방안을 추진하는 등 물리적으로는 담장으로 구획되어 있으나 시가를 중심으로 면적단위의 역사관광지구로 조성하고 있다. This study analyzed the literature such as newspaper and magazines to look at the change of Gwanghalluwon Garden since Modern Times, and based on this, the following results have been derived regarding the change way and factor of Gwanghalluwon Garden. First, it played a role in commercial district by expanding the castle through water business of flowing into tributaries from main stream. Second, with the establishment of ChunHyanggak in 1930, the place as existing government office tower was changed to tourist destination. Gwanghalluwon Garden, ChunHyang theme place, was changed to the public place as the local festival space with the opening of The ChunHyang Festival. Third, namwon the southern market land from Gwanghalluwon Garden being fired purchased a lot and transfered this land within Gwanghalluwon Garden. Fourth, ChunHyanggak was established in honor of memorization of ChunHyang`s loyalty as one of tourism business in eastern part of Gwanghalluwon Garden. Today, existing private land has been transfered into Gwanghalluwon Garden. Fifth, recently, some parts of Gwanghalluwon Garden was reclassified as Scenic Site; area-unit historical & tourism district has been established.