http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
송인섭 숙명여자대학교 사회·교육과학연구소 2001 사회 교육과학연구 Vol.5 No.1
측정의 문제는 신뢰도와 타당도라는 주제에 관계된 방법론적 문제로써 다음 두 질문으로 대변될 수 있다. 측정절차에 의해서 나온 점수 혹은 분류는 얼마나 조직적이며, 일관성이 있고, 그리고 반복가능한가? 점수 변량 중 어느 정도가 의미있는 眞變量, 혹은 構因에 관련된 변량인가?이다. 다음으로는 妥當度이다. 타당도는 자아개념을 측정하는 도구가 그 도구의 내용에 자아개념 구인을 포함하고 있느냐의 문제이다.
송인섭 숙명여자대학교 사회·교육과학연구소 2002 사회 교육과학연구 Vol.5 No.2
Children bearing first names judged desirable by teachers tend to have more positive self concepts (Garwood, 1976). First names were also found to lead to (lifferem teacher expectations so that name stereotyping plays some role in the classroom. Other studies by Parlady (969) and Rubovits and Maehr (973) confirm the expectancy effect. Coopersmith's (967) study also showed that parents who expected their children to live up to the standards they established were more likely to encourage healthy self esteem in their offspring than parents who did not have these expectations. From the work of Shaw and Dutton (962) it would appear that parents of under-achieving children have more strongly negative attitudes towards their children than do the parents of achieving youngsters. However, the study docs not reveal definitely whether these attitudes arc one of the results of under-achievement, or one of its cause. From a logical point of view, it is easier to build a case for such attitudes as casual rather than resultant factors. This finding was particularly marked for boys. Thus, many under-achievers start school under a handicap and simply justify their parents' expectations. The strong grip of constant demeaning squeezes out the last drops of self confidence and worth. Expectations represent a belief in the pupils' competency and ability. When established at reasonable levels they provide a vote of confidence out of which positive self esteem can grow. Teachers apparently tend to interact more positively and favorably with 'brighter' children, and the latter respond by being more effective pupils, thus confirming the teachers' expectations. Pupils reputations arc notorious for being passed on from one teacher to another, increasingly determining the child's performance for good or bad. 'Watch him, don't turn your back on him, he's up to all sorts of tricks', to 'He's a hard worker, you'll always get good worker from him', are typical of the staftroom comments heard in every school. Non-verbal communication by facial expression, tone of voice and gaze direction also communication expectations. Considerable research indicates, too, that children will work harder at tasks and are thereby more likely to achieve a positive self-concept if they believe that they, rather than chance or the teacher, are responsible for the successes they achieve (Rotter, 1966). In fact, a large-scale national survey indicated that a pupil's belief is his control over his destiny was more important to achievement than any other school factors measured, such as facilities, teachers and curriculum (Coleman, 1966). This concept of external locus of control was briefly noted in Chapter 8, section F(a) The three conditions which facilitate the high self esteem in the home environment (Ch.7). These three are: 1. The teacher's acceptance of the child, while at the same time recognizing the child's strengths, problems and limitations. By accepting the child the teacher indicates that the child is worthy of the teacher's attention and respect. This respect enables the child to come to terms with his abilities and limitations. 2. The existence of explicit limits, clearly defined and consistently enforced, which provide standards of conduct and behavioral expectations. 3. The provision of respectful treatment which is given to pupils who observe limits and act in accordance with rules and guidelines of the classroom. As we shall see later in this chapter, the ability of the teacher to provide these conditioning depends quite markedly on the teacher himself possessing a positive self-concept. This allows him to function in a competent confident way able to accept all pupils as individuals in a supportive environment providing clear and realistic expectations at an individual level. Another line of attack to improve pupil self-concept is by direct counselling, which in reality provides the same sort of conditions noted above, i.e. acceptance, respect, limits in a supportive rriilieu, but undertaken in a more sophisticated and planned way. 교사와 학생의 만남은 교사의 일반적 조망과 生의 철학에 의해서 교사에게 침투된다. 교사의 자신과 타인을 향한 태도는 교실 내에서의 대인관계 행동과 수업형태에 중요한 영향을 미친다. 긍정적 자아개념과 타인에 대한 긍정적 개념은 상관이 있다. 긍정적 자아개념은 타인과 친애적이고, 지지적인 관계형성을 촉진한다. 학생들이 그들을 향한 교사의 느낌을 정확히 평가할 수 있고, 교사를 친애적으로 평가한 학생들은 긍정적 자아개념을 형성한 학생들임을 증명하였다. 교사의 언어사용이 학생의 자아개념을 고양시킬 수 있음을 나타냈다. 敎授實際에서 높은 점수를 기록한 교사는 낮은 점수를 기록한 교사보다 자아개념이 현저히 높다. 敎授에서의 성공은 긍정적 자아개념, 자신감, 적응과 확실히 밀접한 관계가 있다.
송인섭 한국교육평가학회 2003 교육평가연구 Vol.16 No.2
본 연구는 일반화가능도 접근의 다양한 경쟁모형을 직업인성인성검사(송인섭등,1997)에 적용해 봄으로써 직업인성검사의 경험적 타당성을 시도하고, 경쟁모형중 가장 적합한 분석모형을 통해 선정하고, 이를 D연구에 적용하고 자 한다. 본 연구에서는 경쟁모형 중 p x (i : h) 설계가 가장 적합한 모형으로 검증 되였으며, 그 결과를 토대로 p x(I : H)의 D연구를 수행한 결과, 직업인성검사는 영역수와 문항수를 현재보다 적게 하는 경우에도 충분히 신뢰로운 검사가 될 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다 이러한 결과는 현재의 검사가 다소 경제성이 떨어지는 경향이 있음을 시사하고 있다 본 연구는 이같은 결과를 근거로 하여 현재 사용 중인 검사를 재구성 하는데 필요한 정보를 제공 하고 있다는 의미에서 측정학적 의미와 실제적 가치를 갖고 있다. The purpose of the research consists of two parts: the one is verifying an experimental validity of generalizability theory by applying G study, which accepts various designs of the generalizability theory as competing models, to personality test in the Composite Vocational Aptitude Test, and the other is finding the optimum condition of the generalizability coefficient, The results were as follows: First, among four analysis designs-p x i, p x (i : h), p x i x h*, (p : g) x (i : h)- the design, p x (i : h), is found to be the most suitable model for the analysis of the test when the ratio of error variance and universe score variance become the basis of the comparison. Secondly, with the most suitable design, p x (i : h), D study was performed for two cases: the same. structure as G study and the different structure than G study, As the results of D study. even though the number of test fields and the number of questions were reduced, the reliable results could be obtained. Therefore, it is presumed that the economical efficiency of present test went down. Finally, generalizability coefficients obtained from D study were analyzed and compared with reliability coefficients of rhe classical test theory. The generalizability theory can analyze errors that appear during the measurement, and consider relative errors and absolute errors, at the same time. Therefore, it is ascertained that the generalizability theory is a more powerful tool than the clssical test theory.
송인섭,도승이,이정규,김누리,성은현 한국영재교육학회 2011 영재와 영재교육 Vol.10 No.3
본 연구는 우리나라 영재 교육의 현실을 진단하고 세계 교육 패러다임의 변화에 따른 영재교육의 새 방향을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 국내 전문가 의견조사와 해외사례 분석을 실시하였다. 영재교육 전문가들의 의견을 조사한 결과 영재교육에서 개선해야할 점은 ‘간학문적 영재교육 강화, 학생주도적 교수학습 강화, 인성·리더십 교육 강화, 교사의 전문성 증진’으로 나타났으며, 영역 간 소통을 가능하게 하는 융합형 영재학교가 필요하다는 의견이 수렴되었다. 또한 외국 영재교육의 사례를 분석한 결과 수준별 선택과목 개설, 개방형 교육과정, 모듈형 교육과정, AP 프로그램운영, 사사학습, 인성, 리더십 교육, 다양한 특별활동 프로그램 운영, 소그룹 중심의 실험, 현장학습, 토론학습, 협동학습, 개별지도 등의 교수학습방법을 실시하고 있었다. 국내 영재교육 전문가의 면담 및 설문조사와 해외 사례 분석 결과를 토대로 본 연구에서는 교육목표, 선발, 교육과정 및 교수학습 방법, 영재교육프로그램 측면에서 우리나라 영재교육의 새로운 방향을 모색하고 제안하였다. This study aims to propose a new direction of gifted education in Korea based on literature review, a case study of gifted and talented education in foreign countries and an expert survey about current situation, problems and measures of Korean gifted and talented education. The results of the survey suggest that multidisciplinary approach for gifted and talented education, student-centered teaching and learning method, personality and leadership education, improvement of teacher's speciality, and establishment of fusion school are key factors for successful gifted and talented education. The analysis of gifted and talented education in foreign countries indicates that they have introduced various curricular system and teaching method in gifted and talented education including course organization according to students' level, open curriculum, modular system, AP program, individual research, mentoring, co-curricular activities, experiments in small group, field education, discussing learning, cooperation learning, and individual tutoring. Based on these results, we propose a new model of Korean gifted and talented education covering various areas such as purpose of education, selection, curriculum, and teaching & learning method.
宋忍燮 淑明女子大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.29 No.-
The purpose of this study were threefold. First, the study attempted to explore the dimensionality of college environment and, especially, formulated conceptual framework concerning the college environmeint. Second, it involved the identification and measurement of the college environment based on its conceptual framework. Finally the major purpose of the study was aimed at establishing the construct validity regarding the instrument of assessing college environment. Instrument for assessing college environment was developed and tested using analysis of various validation procedures for exploratory procedures and confirmatory test procedures. Especially, the confirmatory test procedures included reliability and factor analysis. The main study was carried out throughout the nation and 3253 males and females were used. In order to select items for inclusion in these scales, item analysis was performed. An adjusted item-total correlation was completed for each item. An item-total correlation is a correlation of an individual item with the total scale score. It is adjusted to remove the bias of adding that item score to the total with which it is being correlated. The adjusted item-total correlation is an index of degree to which the item is measuring the same dimension as the total score. The estimate of reliability for the subscale was all high. The estimate for the college environment instrument ranged from .46 to .80 respectively. From this evidence, it was possible to conclude that the instrument has such a small error of measurement that they could be meaningfully in the next phase of the analysis. Factor analysis of inter-correlation of items of the instrument followed by oblique (promax) solutions. Criteria were formulated to determine the degree of correspondence between empirical (rotated) factors and the parallel a priori dimension; (1) if within a given a priori dimension at Beast 80 to 90 percent of the variables for each scale exhibited their maximum loadings on this one empirical factor alone, (2) if the loadings on the empirical factor within the given a priori domain were equal to or greater that .30. The results based on the above criteria showed that there was empirical evidence for considering the subscale of the college environment as unifactorial. Thus, it could be concluded that each of the scales was accepted as representing a good fit to onefactor model. The significance of the present study was theoretical, methodological and practical. It's theoretical significance stemed from conceptualization of college environment. Thus, the present investigation contributed to an understanding of college environment. The methodological significance of the study lied in the approach to be utilized. The present stud!'presents a potentially highly useful way of using and measuring college environment. The practical significance of the present study lied in the development of a specific instrument for the measurement of the practical aspects of the college environment. The development of an instrument for the measurement of such variables provides the opportunity for diagnosing college environment for the purpose of identifying deficiencies in it.
宋忍燮 한국교육학회 1984 敎育學硏究 Vol.22 No.1
人間行動 特性의 構因에 關한 관심은 높아져 가고 있다. 科學的 接近을 통하여 人間行動 特性의 構因에 관한 妥富化는 科學的 내지는 統計的 方法을 통하여 연구에 박차를 가하고 있다. 本 論文은 긴 硏究歷史를 가지고 있음에도 그 構因의 타당한 경험연구 결과를 찾아볼 수 없는 自我槪念의 橫因의 타당도에 그 촛점을 맞춘다. 自我槪念의 중요성은 과거 40여년동안 인정 되어 왔다. 한 예로 自我槪念은 미국 연방 정부 프로그램의 교육 평가에서 獨立變因 중의 하나로 취급되고 있으며, 최근에는 지진아의 정신건강과 관련하여 연구되어 오고 있다. 이에 첨가하여 그 構因은 학업성취의 직접적인 원인으로서 硏究家들의 觀心을 모으고 있어 학습수업결과의 중요한 예언 燮因으로 敎育硏究에셔 評價되고 있다. 敎育硏究에서 自我槪念의 폭넓은 연구에도 불구하고 누적된 硏究結果가 갖는 理論的인 面과 實際的인 이용도는 논의의 여지들 안고 있다. 이 논의의 대상중 핵심은 그 構因의 타당성에 있는 듯하다. 이는 방법론적인 제한성과 이론적인 혼란에 그 원인을 두고 있다. 그 예는 目我槪念道見의 타당화하는 과정과 결과에서 찾아볼 수 있다. 즉 自我槪念은 그 構因이 어떻게 구성 되었느냐?”는 질문이다. 方法論的과 用語의 표현으로는 內的 構造公折(Within network analzsis)의 문제다. 自我槪念의 內的構造의 견해 중 그 첫째는 一般自我槪念에 그 논의의 理論的 근거를 두고 있다. 一般自我槪念 측정에 관한 연구자들은 個人 들이 갖는 自我槪念에서의 個人좋는 一般自我槪念에 있어서의 차이에 있다고 보고, 自我槪念 構造는 個人의 一般自我槪念을 측정할 것을 주장 하고 있다. 一般自我槪念은 外的條件에 의해서 거의 변하지 않는 항상성을 갖는 구인으로 보고 있다. 더욱이 이들은 自我槪念의 構造모형올 조직적 다원적이며 위계적인 구인으로 보고, 상부에서는 (위계적 모형에서) 하부 특수자아개념을 포함하는 自我槪念이 있다고 주장한다. 상부에 있는 構成因子일수록 안정성은 중가하고 하부에 있는 구성요인 일수록 환경의 영향을 받는다고 주장 한다. 두 번째 견해는 自我槪念을 조직적 위계적이 아닌 일련의 구분된 특수한 구인들의 종합으로 보는 입장이다. 즉 세분화된 특수기능들의 합으로 보는 바, 이는 Spearman의 인간정신기능을 서로 독립적인 기능을 갖는 구인들의 집합으로 보는 것과 그 모형 구