건축 프로젝트 적정 설계변경 관리를 위한 사례조사

김성욱(Kim Sung-Wook),남혜원(Nam Hye-Won),이종식(Lee Jong-Sik),신창현(Shin Chang-Hyun),전재열(Chun Jae-Youl) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.29 No.1(구조계)

Recent design changes in the existing research on the factors and issues of design changes and analysis, responsible for analyzing the relationship, procedural issues, and issues of research that can be active. However, changes in the design of problems are essentially designed to complement the book is for the procedure. Methodology for dealing with design changes in the characteristics of the country and to reflect more realistically, and various design changes and looked at trends in related research. the design Change of this study to examine the domestic status and problems, identify the status of the country about the design changes, and in suggesting the direction to the development of the design changes.

FC 2-8 : Factors associated with inflammatory change of epidermal cyst

( Jisang Yun ),( Kyung-nam Bae ),( Jin-hwa Son ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byungsoo Kim ),( Moon-bum Kim ),( Kihyuk Shin ) 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.73 No.-

Background: Epidermal cysts (EC) are the most common tumors found on the skin and accompanying inflammation is also frequent. However, the predictors for inflammatory change have not been investigated yet. Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the difference between inflamed and uninflamed epidermal cysts, and to assess associated factors for inflammatory change. Methods: We analyzed the biopsy-proven 1723 epidermal cysts (515 inflamed and 1208 uninflamed) at two tertiary hospitals from 2011 to 2021. Results: The proportion of inflamed epidermal cysts (IEC) and uninflamed epidermal cyst (UIEC) were 29.9 % and 70.1 %, respectively. Inflammatory change was less frequently observed on the face (25.5 %) than the other sites (32.1 %) (p=0.0046). The anatomic location with the highest rate of inflammatory change was back (40.8 %, p=0.0004). Mean duration of inflammatory change from UIEC to IEC on the face was shorter than the other sites (12.5 months vs 17.9 months, respectively, p= 0.0473). On ultrasonography, long axis of IEC (20.7mm) was generally longer than that of UIEC (15.7mm) (p=0.0218). Moreover, Inflammatory change was more frequent on the EC with punctum compared to those without punctum (35.3 % vs 30.3 %, P=0.0471). Conclusion: Based on the location, size and presence of punctum, decision on the optimal treatment strategies can be established when encountering patients with EC.

Factors associated with inflammatory change of epidermal cyst

( Jisang Yun ),( Kyung-nam Bae ),( Jin-hwa Son ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byungsoo Kim ),( Moon-bum Kim ),( Kihyuk Shin ) 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.73 No.1

Background: Epidermal cysts (EC) are the most common tumors found on the skin and accompanying inflammation is also frequent. However, the predictors for inflammatory change have not been investigated yet. Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the difference between inflamed and uninflamed epidermal cysts, and to assess associated factors for inflammatory change. Methods: We analyzed the biopsy-proven 1723 epidermal cysts (515 inflamed and 1208 uninflamed) at two tertiary hospitals from 2011 to 2021. Results: The proportion of inflamed epidermal cysts (IEC) and uninflamed epidermal cyst (UIEC) were 29.9 % and 70.1 %, respectively. Inflammatory change was less frequently observed on the face (25.5 %) than the other sites (32.1 %) (p=0.0046). The anatomic location with the highest rate of inflammatory change was back (40.8 %, p=0.0004). Mean duration of inflammatory change from UIEC to IEC on the face was shorter than the other sites (12.5 months vs 17.9 months, respectively, p= 0.0473). On ultrasonography, long axis of IEC (20.7mm) was generally longer than that of UIEC (15.7mm) (p=0.0218). Moreover, Inflammatory change was more frequent on the EC with punctum compared to those without punctum (35.3 % vs 30.3 %, P=0.0471). Conclusion: Based on the location, size and presence of punctum, decision on the optimal treatment strategies can be established when encountering patients with EC.

아시아 지역 폐렴 구균의 항균제 내성 현황 및 변화 양상 : Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) Study

정숙인,김나영,손준성,기현균,고관수,서지연,장현하,김연숙,오원섭,백경란,이남용,송재훈,항생제 내성 감시를 위한 아시아 연합 (ANSORP) 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.1

목적 : 1980년대부터 페니실린을 비롯한 β-lactam 계열과 비 β-lactam 계열 항균제에 대한 폐렴구균의 항생제 내성이 급격하게 증가하여 국내 뿐 아니라 세계적인 문제로 대두되고 있다. ANSORP 에서는 아시아 지역에서 폐렴구균의 항균제 내성과 그 변화 추이, 내성의 기전 및 위험인자를 분석하고자 본 국제 공동 연구를 시행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 1999년 11월부터 2001년 8월까지 아시아 지역 12개국의 14개 기관에서 폐렴구균 감염증 환자의 임상 검체로 분리된 침습성 폐렴구균을 대상으로 액체배지 미량희석법을 이용하여 16개 항생제의 MIC를 구하였다. 위험인자의 분석을 위하여 폐렴구균 감염증 환자를 대상으로 의무기록지를 조사하였다. Quellung 반응을 통해 혈청형을 결정하였다. 결과 : 총 685균주 중 52.4%가 페니실린에 대하여 비감수성(중등도 내성 22.9%, 내성 29.5%)을 보였고, 그 빈도는 베트남(92.1%), 스리랑카(85.7%), 홍콩(67.9%), 한국(64.5%)의 순이었다. Erythromycin에 대한 비감수성 비율은 베트남(92.1%), 대만(87.7%), 한국(80.6%), 홍콩(76.8%) 등에서 높게 나타났고, 베트남, 대만, 한국, 홍콩 등의 erythromycin의 MIC_(90)이 32㎍/mL를 넘는 고도내성을 보였다. 홍콩, 싱가포르, 대만, 인도에서는 fluoroquinolone에 대한 내성 균주가 출현하였다. 전체 균주 중 다제내성 균주의 비율은 47.7%였다. 혈청형은 19형과 23형이 가장 많았고, 그 외 6형, 14형 등이 있었다. 페니실린 비감수성 감염증의 위험인자로는 5세 미만(OR=1.7; 95%, CI, 1.2-2.4; P=0.002), 기관지폐질환(OR=2.0; 95%, CI, 1.3-3.1; P=0.003), 악성종양(OR=2.3; 95%, CI, 1.2-4.6; P=0.015), 스테로이드의 사용(OR=2.8; 95%, CI, 1.1-7.4; P=0.032)이 확인되었다. 결론 : 침습성 폐렴구균 균주를 대상으로 한 본 연구의 결과 아시아 국가들에서 페니실린, β-lactam 및 macrolide에 대한 폐렴구균의 내성률 및 내성 정도가 급증하고 있음을 확인하였다. Background : Emergence of pneumococcal resistance became a global issue since 1990s. According to the ANSORP studies with clinical isolates and carriage isolates between 1996 and 1999, some Asian countries showed alarmingly high prevalence of resistance to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents. To investigate the changing trends of pneumococcal resistance, ANSORP study group has performed a multinational surveillance study with invasive pneumococcal isolates from Asian countries. Methods : All isolates from various invasive pneumococcal diseases were prospectively collected from 14 centers in 12 countries between November 1999 to August 2001. Broth microdilution tests with 16 antimicrobial agents were performed according to the NCCLS procedures. Serotyping was performed by means of Quelling reaction with use of group-specific antisera. Results : A total of 685 isolates were collected. Overall, 52.4% of invasive isolates from Asian countries were not susceptible to penicillin (intermediate (1), 22.9%, Resistant (R), 29.5%). Vietnam showed the highest prevalence of penicillin non-susceptibility (1 20.6%, R 71.4%) followed by Sri Lanka (1 71.4%, R 14.3%), Hong Kong (1 24.1%, R 76%) and Korea (1 9.7%, R 54.8%). China (I 19.8%, R 23.4%) and Malaysia (1 9.1%, R 29.5%) also showed remarkable increase in penicillin resistance compared with previous ANSORP data, which were less than 10%. Vietnam (92.1%), Taiwan (87.7%), Korea (80.6%), and Hong Kong (76.8%) showed high prevalence of erythromycin resistance. MIG_(90)S for ciprofloxacin were 4 ㎍/mL (Hong Kong) and 2 ㎍/mL (11 Asian countries except Hong Kong), respectively. Conclusion : Compared with previous data from ANSORP studies, antimicrobial resistance among invasive pneumococcal isolates has markedly increased in Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, China, and Malaysia. Continuous surveillance of pneumococcal resistance in Asia is strongly warranted.

공구 윗면 경사각의 변화에 따른 6/4 Brass의 기계적 성질에 관한 연구

현청남 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 1992 産業技術 Vol.1 No.-

In turning operation, it is the material of work piece and cutting tool, feed and cutting speed, the depth of cut and rake angle that influence upon the accuracy of demension, the manufacturing efficiency, the extension of tool life and surface roughness. Especially, the identification of cutting force due to the change of tool rake angle, which exerts a grate influence on the turning, is very important. In this study, the cutting force of test materials, surface roughness were measured by experiment. And the cutting resistance due to the change of tool rake angle was calculated by applying the three demensional cutting formula, then the conditions of optimal machinability were obtained taking into consideration of the material characteristics. From the experimental results, the conditions of optimal machinability classified by the test materials are as follows: 1) The normal force acting on the tool face has the minimum value at the true rake angle of 10˚ -15˚ in Brass. 2) The specific cutting resistance is inversely proportional to the depth of cut, feed and cutting speed and the reductionrates of specific cutting resistance has large values, but the reduction rates are almost constant even though the tool rake angle increase. 3) The batter surface roughness is obtained when the cutting speed and the cutting depth decrease. when the cutting speed is more than 150m/min, a batter surface roughness is obtained. 4) The conditions of optimal machinability for Brass are the true rake angle of about 10˚ and the cutting speed of 200m/min.

Paleovegetation and paleoclimate changes based on terrestrial n-alkanes and their carbon isotopes in sediment from the Jeongok-ri Paleolithic Site, Korea

Hyun, S.,Suh, Y.J.,Shin, K.H.,Nam, S.I.,Chang, S.W.,Bae, K. Pergamon Press 2015 QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL Vol.384 No.-

Carbon isotope of total organic carbon (δ<SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>org</SUB>) and long-chain n-alkanes, which are terrestrial plant biomarkers, and their compound-specific carbon isotope ratios (δ<SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>ALK</SUB>) were investigated in the sediment of the Jeongok-ri Paleolithic Site in central Korea to interpret changes in paleovegetation and paleoclimate. The δ<SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>org</SUB> ranged between approximately -24%% and -27%%, suggesting different organic matter sources. Relatively lighter δ<SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>org</SUB> occurred in lower part and the occurrence of heavier δ<SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>org</SUB> in upper part may indicate terrestrial C<SUB>3</SUB> plant dominance and/or a mixture of C<SUB>3</SUB> and C<SUB>4</SUB> plants, respectively. The patterns of n-alkane distribution were characterized by a continuous predominance of odd-numbered n-alkanes, particularly nC<SUB>29</SUB> and nC<SUB>31</SUB>, and by variation in the distribution of even-numbered n-alkanes. Total concentration of n-alkanes and distributions of each number of n-alkanes are quite different over time, suggesting paleovegetation changes. The average chain length (ACL) and carbon preferences index (CPI) showed gradual variations with distinctive switching points at about 160 ka. This variation reflecting changes in paleovegetation type, is coincident with those of the δ<SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>org</SUB>. Individual n-alkane isotopes, δ<SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>ALK</SUB>, ranged between -18.64%% and -38.09%%, suggesting different sources of n-alkanes. Although some petrogenic sources of n-alkanes were possible, the distribution of n-alkanes and their δ<SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>ALK</SUB> support paleovegetation and paleoclimatic variations in Jeongok-ri Paleolithic site, Korea for the last 300 ka.

Endoscopy and Imaging Modalities/Basic Science of Gastrointestinal Disorders/Miscellaneous : Changing Pattern Of Digestive And Liver Disease In Korea, 1990-2006 Year; A Single Center Study

( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Sang Woo Kim ),( In Sik Chung ),( Myung Gyu Choi ),( Kwan Woo Nam ),( Jung Pil Suh ),( Jae Hyuck Chang ),( Won Haing Hur ),( Yu Kyung Cho ),( Jae Myung Park ),( In Seok Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2007 SIDDS Vol.9 No.-

Background/Aims: Westernization in many Asian countries have changed lifestyles and diets, so once rare diseases have now become prevalent. The aim of this study is to investigate the changing pattern of digestive and liver disease in Korea, from 1990 to 2006. Methods: We extracted data specific gastrointestina (GI) disease based on the International Classification of Diseases code from the in-patients records at the Kangnam St. Mary`s Hospital in 1990, 1996 and 2006. This hospital is a tertiary-care hospital in Seoul, Korea, which has a capacity of 800 beds. Results: The admission rate for GI disease increased between 1990 and 2006. Overall in-patients were 1,623 persons in 1990, 2,368 persons in 1996 and 4,166 persons in 2006. The mean age of in-patients increased as time went by. A stomach cancer was the most common diagnosis during all periods, but its prevalence has decreased. Colon cancer ranked the 7th in 1990, but markedly increased and now ranks the second. The third was a hepatocellular carcinoma. The bile duct and gallbladder cancer, pancreas and esophageal cancer ranking followed with little interval change. In cases of cancer patients, a regular admission dramatically increased for chemotherapy. The number of patients admitted with pre-malignant neoplasm of stomach and colon increased remarkably with the development of endoscopy. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel discase, and reflux esophagitis emerged form mid-1990s with greater frequencies, yet much below the levels found in the West. The admission rate for peptic ulcer, especially ulcer bleeding remained relatively stable, despite a decreased rate for ulcer perforation. Liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, cholelithiasis with cholecystitis-cholangitis, appendicitis, hemorrhoid and gastritis all decreased. Conclusions: The stomach cancer is the leading cause of admission, despite a recent decline. Colon cancer showed a marked rise. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel disease and reflux esophagitis were new diagnosis with an increased tendency.

발열을 동반한 호중구감소증에서 Cefepime 단독투여와 Ceftazidime 및 Tobramycin 병합투여의 효능비교

정현욱,채제욱,강미라,양정채,문치숙,기현균,장현하,오원섭,김기현,백경란,이남용,송재훈 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.6

목적 : 국내에서 발열을 동반한 호중구감소증이 있는 악성 종양환자에게 경험적 항생제로 베타락탐계 항생제와 아미노배당체의 병합요법의 사용이 일반적이다. Cefepime은 광범위 항균 작용을 가지고 있어, 그람 음성균 뿐만 아니라 그람 양성균에 대해서도 우수한 효과를 나타낸다. 재료 및 방법: 발열을 동반한 호중구감소증이 있는 악성 종양환자를 대상으로 무작위, 공개, 비교 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 환자를 무작위로 cefepime 단독요법군과 ceftazidime 및 tobramycin 병합요법군으로 나누어 투여하고 각각의 임상적 효능과 안전성을 비교하였다. 구강및 인후 점막염이 있는 환자에서 분리된 녹색 연쇄알 구균에 대한 항생제 내성 정도를 조사하였다. 결과 : 대상환자 89명 중 CA 투여군이 48예(53.9%), CT 투여군이 41예(46.1%)이었다. 발열의 유형별로 MDI는 18예(20.2%), CDI는 9예(10.1%), UF는 62예(69.7%)로 두 군 간에 차이가 없었다. CA 투여군과 CT 투여군의 임상적 호전률은 시험약 투여 후 2-4일째 각각 91.7%, 85.4% (P=0.31), 치료 종료 시 각각 91.7%, 100% (P=0.15)로 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 치료 종료 시 CA 투여군과 CT 투여군의 세균학적 소실률은 모두 100%로 두 군간의 유의한 차이가 없었다(P=0.78). 점막염이 있는 환자로부터 녹색 연쇄알 구균이 분리된 경우는 25예(28.1%)이었으며, 분리된 녹색 연쇄알 구균은 penicillin, ceftriaxone, cefepime, vancomycin에 모두 감수성을 보였다. 약제 관련 이상 반응의 발생 빈도도 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 발열을 동반한 호중구감소증이 있는 악성 종양환자의 경험적 항생제로서 cefepime 단독요법은 ceftazidime 및 아미노배당체의 병합요법만큼 효과적이고 안전하였다. Background : Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy has been recommended as an empirical regimen in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia. Cefepime is a fourth generation cephalosporin with good activity against both gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli. Materials and Methods : To compare the efficacy and safety of cefepime alone with ceftazidime plus tobramycin as empirical regimen for adult cancer patients with febrile neutropenia, a randomized, open label, comparative trial was performed. If the patient showed clinical improvent 72 hours, antibiotic could be changed to oral ciprofloxacin. Clinical and microbiological responses were determined at 72 hours and at the end of therapy. To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of viridans streptococci, swab cultures were obtained from throat in all enrolled patients and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by using microdilution method according to the NCCLS. Results : A total of 89 patients were enrolled. Forty-eight patients received cefepime alone (CA), and 41 patients received ceftazidime plus tobramycin (CT). Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics were similar in both groups (P>0.05). The initial clinical success rate at day 2-4 in group CA (91.7%) was similar with that in CT group (85.4%) (P=0.31). At the end of therapy, the final clinical success rate in CA group (91.7%) was similar to that in CT group (100%) (P=0.15). In 18 patients, with microbiologically defined infections, the eradication rate was 100% in both groups. Adverse events including liver dysfunction (21.3%) and renal dysfunction (2.2%), were similar in both groups (P=0.87). Viridans streptococci were isolated from the throat cultures in 25 cases, and all of these strains were susceptible to penicillin (MIC_(90) 0.12 ㎍/mL), cefepime (1 ㎍/mL), and vancomycin (0.12 ㎍/mL). Conclusion : Efficacy and safety of cefepime monotherapy was comparable to the combination of ceftazidime and tobramycin. It could be used as an alternative empirical regimen for treating cancer patients with febrile neutropenia.

충돌사고 사례분석을 통한 구난시스템 개선에 관한 연구

정창현(Chang-Hyun, Jung),남택근(Taek-Kun, Nam),정중식(Jung-Sik, Jeong) 한국항해항만학회 2012 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.36 No.10

세계 해상교통량의 증가와 고속선의 증가로 해양사고 발생 가능성이 점점 높아지고 있으며, 그 피해 규모도 상대적으로 커지고 있는 추세이다. 국내에서는 2007년 허베이 스피리트호 사고, 2010년 천안함 사고에서와 같이 해양사고 발생시 초기대응의 미흡, 비상대응체계의 부재, 적절한 구조체계의 부족, 사고현장의 혼란 등으로 구난 활동이 지연됨으로써 막대한 인명 또는 재산상의 피해를 가져왔다. 사고 발생 후 적절한 피난처의 제공이나 신속한 사고처리는 사고선박으로부터 발생 가능한 잠재적인 환경오염 및 2차적인 피해로의 확산을 막을 수 있다. 따라서 최근 남해부근에서 발생한 선박 충돌사고의 구난과정을 살펴보고, 그 과정에서 도출된 문제점을 바탕으로 현재 국내 구난시스템에서 개선이 요구되는 부분을 제시하였다. 그 주요 내용으로는 외국의 피난처 지정 사례와 IMO 관련 지침을 바탕으로 피난처 제공에 대한 절차 수립의 당위성을 제시하였으며, 사고선박을 항내 또는 피난처로 이동시키기 위한 사고선박 예인지원시스템의 필요성을 제시하였다. 또한, ISU 가입을 위한 국가적인 지원방안의 검토와 사고 발생시 국내업체가 구난활동에 적극적으로 참여할 수 있도록 제도적 보완이 요구된다. There has been increasing the possibility of occurring the marine accident and become bigger the extent of damage with the growing number and high speed of ships. Also, there were tremendous loss of lives and properties in accidents of Hebei spirit in 2007 and Cheon Ahan war ship in 2010 with the insufficient salvage response and the lack of emergency response systems. When a ship has suffered an incident, the best way of preventing damage or pollution from its progressive deterioration would be to providing a place of refuge and to repair the damage rapidly. Therefore, it was examined the recent collision accident broken out near the Nam-Hae, and then suggested that it was necessary to be improved of the domestic salvage systems. It requires the procedures of providing a place of refuge, and the towing support system which make the damaged ship moved to the safe area, and joining of the ISU.

주거공간의 지속가능성 계획 사례 분석

이현창(Hyun-chang Lee),남경숙(Kyung-sook Nam) 한국생활환경학회 2008 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.15 No.3

As pursuit of eco friendly housing, it was came out a requirement to develop sustainable design in housing. Sustainable development is a eco friendly development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This study is to set up the sustainable development in housing which is a countermeasure in the long term of a environmental changing. The purpose of the study is to offer information about sustainable design in housing to residents which is related with solving the problems in housing and considering the future housing. A study would like to contribute to design development for sustainable development in housing. To study sustainable development in housing, we researched and analyzed of brand apartments model which will be completed in 2010 through model house, documents, catalog and internet sites. We knew that the progress are doing consistently to increase energy efficiency design as applying ecological design and make a design for decreasing environment pollution. But convenience design and universal design are not enough in housing. So there need to supply convenience, universal space design with equipment design for sustainable development in housing. Environment-friendly design of housing for health is a obligation and fundamental element in the world. As pursuit of convenience, we also want to request of convenience system which is based on the convenience and development of the machine civilization supports the equipment system development. So interior design and equipment system need of convenience as considering the changing lifestyle and applying the culture, trend.