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    기관평가제도 변동의 요인과 영향에 관한 연구 : 과학기술분야 정부출연연구기관 기관평가제도를 중심으로

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    https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T14771112

    • 저자
    • 발행사항

      대전: 忠南大學校 大學院, 2018

    • 학위논문사항

      학위논문(박사) -- 忠南大學校 大學院 , 행정학과 행정학 전공 , 2018. 2

    • 발행연도

      2018

    • 작성언어

      한국어

    • DDC

      350 판사항(22)

    • 발행국(도시)

      대전

    • 기타서명

      A study on the factors and impact of change of institutional evaluation system: with a focus on evaluation system of government-funded research institutes in science and technology

    • 형태사항

      287 p.; 26 cm.

    • 일반주기명

      충남대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다.
      지도교수: 강근복
      참고문헌 : p. 245-262.

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    다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

    1. Introduction

    This study is based on the assumption that the design and operation of the institutional evaluation system is wrong. In other words, the administration of the government-controlled, uniform institutional evaluation system makes the operation of the agency ineffective and makes the institution obsessed with research or quantitative performance that is easier to achieve than new research. As a result, I thought that it was the cause that impeded the realization of purpose of establishment of government-funded research institutes(GRIs).
    In order to prove this hypothesis, this study analyzed the factors and influences of the change of evaluation system of government - funded research institutes in the field of science and technology in Korea from 1991 to 2017. In other words, what are the key factors that changed the evaluation system of GRIs in science and technology in Korea, and analyzed how the change of institutional evaluation system of institutions was reflected by these change factors. As a result, I analyzed how the changes in the institutional evaluation system ultimately affected the government - funded research institutes. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the evaluation system of the government - sponsored research institutes has been effectively designed and operated and to provide policy recommendations for the design and operation of the institutional evaluation system.


    2. Theory and Analysis framework

    In order to examine the context of the changes in institutional evaluation system, it analyzed based on the theory of new institutionalism and classified the factors influencing policy change into environmental factors, ideas and actors. Next, the components of the meta - evaluation were used to analyze the changes of institutional evaluation system. In addition, through the review of the existing research, the evaluation paradigm, evaluation system, evaluation process, and evaluation utilization were extracted as key elements. Finally, to analyze the impact of the institutional evaluation system on government - funded research institutes, three key categories were derived inductively based on the grounded theory. To do this, I used existing statistical data and literature, and conducted in - depth interviews with government, research institutes, and government - funded research institutes. I analyzed the impact of institutional evaluation system changes on three key categories, ie, the operational aspect of the organization, the performance aspect of the research, and the realization aspect of the institution establishment purpose.
    For the analysis, I classified the evaluation system change of the government - sponsored research institutes in Korea into four categories reflecting the characteristics of the period. The four periods are the same as the first period (1991 ~ 1998), the second period (1999 ~ 2004), the third period (2005 ~ 2012) and the fourth period (2013 ~ 2017).


    3. Findings

    As a result of the analysis, the policy paradigm was changed through the adoption of the new paradigm idea of the government as the political environment changed due to the change of the 5-year unit regime. As a result, program ideas such as the reorganization of the ministry of science and technology, improvement of the science and technology law system, and change of the government-sponsored research institute policy have been adopted. This change in the organization and institution has also provided the bureaucracy, the core actor, with the constraints and opportunities of change. The bureaucratic group also selected the idea of institutional evaluation system change considering the system improvement requirement of government - funded research institute, the direction of science and technology policy at the time, and benchmarking of overseas countries. In other words, the ideas related to the improvement of the institutional evaluation system are not new ones but rather the requirements that have been continuously raised by the GRIs have been selectively reflected by the change of government or new bureaucrats. With these changes, the institutional evaluation system has made a large and small change in the evaluation paradigm, evaluation system, evaluation process, and utilization of evaluation from 1991 to 2017 for 26 years, and has brought about the influence of change.
    The effects of institutional evaluation system changes are as follows: First, As the government changes, the policy directions and evaluation directions are changed according to the new science and technology policy paradigm and evaluation standard. All GRIs will create a technical commercialization organization uniformly and create a supporting organization for SMEs. Which led to the inefficiency of institutional operations, which led to the failure of research results. In addition, since the Lee Myung bak administration, the achievement of government guidelines, such as the advancement of public institutions and the normalization of abnormalities, have become important factors in institutional evaluation. As a result, conflicts between the labor union and the management have come to the fore in the GRIs with the introduction of the wage peak system, the introduction of the excellent researchers system, and the introduction of the annual salary system. In the case of the workforce structure, the emphasis of the evaluation by period changed, and the proportion of the researcher was increased and the proportion of the administrative worker was increased again.
    Second, in terms of research outcomes, most government - funded research institutes became obsessed with attaining quantitative achievement by emphasizing the quantitative performance of papers, patents, and technical fees, regardless of the nature of the institution. Although the standard has been changed from 2014 to emphasize qualitative performance, quantitative performance is still being presented as a reference. As GRIs focus on short-term quantitative outcomes, they have not achieved long-term large-scale research results, and these problems are still not resolved.
    Finally, the impact of institutional evaluation system changes on the realization of institutional objectives is as follows.
    In the meantime, the government did not present the evaluation criteria that match the characteristics of the individual institutions in the evaluation of the institution, and the evaluation based on the same standard caused various problems. In other words, all GRIs have a similar organizational structure and, as a result, they are forced to operate differently from the purpose of establishment. For example, A GRI operates a science commercialization team from 2009 and a small business support center in 2014 to operate a technology commercialization team and a technical support team. However, the mission of A GRI is to develop future energy commercialization technology, not the short - term business or the support of SMEs. Thus, most GRIs have focused on areas that are far from the purpose of establishment according to the uniform policy direction and evaluation standards of the government, resulting in the weakening of national science and technology competitiveness.
    In conclusion, the institutional evaluation system can be seen as the purpose of the government to check whether the GRIs are operating well in line with the mission and are performing well. However, because the government operated the agency evaluation system in a way that did not fit the purpose of the law, the results did not come out properly. In other words, it has been a problem of the institutional evaluation system that the GRIs have played a role that does not correspond to the mission while changing the institutional evaluation system according to the direction of the new government.
    Therefore, the government should delegate sufficient authority to the National Science and Technology Research Council like the developed countries in Germany and England without directly designing and operating the evaluation system of the GRIs. And the National Science and Technology Research Council should be able to operate an evaluation system according to the characteristics of each type of GRIs. In addition, GRIs should set their own challenging goals in accordance with their own autonomy and responsibilities. In addition, GRIs set their own challenging goals in accordance with their own autonomy and responsibilities. GRIs in the basic research field should focus on the search for new research, and GRIs in the field of applied research should pursue research that fits industrialization and SME support.


    4. Implications

    1) Theoretical Perspectives

    Next, the theoretical implications of this study are as follows.
    First, it can be said that it contributed to expanding the practical applicability and explanatory power of new institutionalism by explaining the mechanism of change of institutional evaluation system by applying the concept of idea which is recently emphasized in the theory of new institutionalism.
    Second, to analyze the micro - change contents of the institutional evaluation system, I analyzed the micro - change contents in terms of evaluation paradigm, evaluation system, evaluation process and evaluation utilization using meta - evaluation component, and applied Thelen’ four types of change.
    Third, it is the first attempt to analyze the impact of changes in the institutional evaluation system. In previous researches, the focus was only on the influence factors and changes in evaluation system changes, and there were no cases in which the effects of institutional changes were analyzed.
    2) Policy Perspectives

    Next, the policy implications of this study are as follows.
    The policy implications are largely divided into the structural and operational aspects of the institutional evaluation system, and the policy implications on the structural side are as follows.
    First, a careful approach to changes in science and technology administrative systems is needed. Even if the new regime is replaced in the future, it is necessary to maintain the consistency of policy and system for the development of science and technology in the medium and long term by minimizing the reorganization of the science and technology administrative system.
    Second, it is necessary to build a democratic science and technology governance system. It is necessary to construct and operate an 'Institutional Evaluation System Steering Committee' composed of experts from companies, universities, research institutes, government, and the general public.
    Third, it is necessary to improve the self evaluation of the current National Science and Technology Research Council and the higher evaluation system of the ministry. In other words, it is necessary to strengthen the self-evaluation system centered on the National Science and Technology Research Council, and the government should indirectly monitor it through the evaluation of the research institute and make a final report to the National Science and Technology Council.
    Next, policy recommendations from the operational aspects of the institutional evaluation system are as follows.
    First, it is necessary to maintain consistency of the evaluation paradigm and appropriate linkage with the evaluation framework. The evaluation paradigm, which is the basic philosophy of evaluation, should be careful to change once government has set the direction. It is also important to establish a more sophisticated evaluation method in accordance with the evaluation paradigm.
    Second, it is necessary to operate an institutional evaluation system that meets the characteristics of GRIs. In other words, in the case of the industrial technology fields, the GRIs can set the evaluation criteria by itself and apply the evaluation method by comparing with the foreign country like the Fraunhofer Research Association. In addition, GRIs in the basic technology field should be able to be evaluated for new research that has been 'out of the world' through peer evaluation like the Max Planck Research Association.
    Third, it is necessary to present and evaluate performance targets so that GRIs can create excellent large - scale achievements and nurture global research groups. In addition to the presentation of large-scale, high-quality achievements, it is necessary to select a group to foster a global research group as another axis and to introduce a system for evaluating and confirming growth over the long term.
    Fourth, it is necessary to secure the acceptability of the evaluation target institution. It is important to make sure that large contributions are received if the agency is well-qualified.
    Finally, it is necessary to strengthen the policy utilization of evaluation results. In order for the government to strengthen the utilization of institutional evaluation results for participation, it is necessary to solve various problems of the current participation system.
    번역하기

    1. Introduction This study is based on the assumption that the design and operation of the institutional evaluation system is wrong. In other words, the administration of the government-controlled, uniform institutional evaluation system makes the ...

    1. Introduction

    This study is based on the assumption that the design and operation of the institutional evaluation system is wrong. In other words, the administration of the government-controlled, uniform institutional evaluation system makes the operation of the agency ineffective and makes the institution obsessed with research or quantitative performance that is easier to achieve than new research. As a result, I thought that it was the cause that impeded the realization of purpose of establishment of government-funded research institutes(GRIs).
    In order to prove this hypothesis, this study analyzed the factors and influences of the change of evaluation system of government - funded research institutes in the field of science and technology in Korea from 1991 to 2017. In other words, what are the key factors that changed the evaluation system of GRIs in science and technology in Korea, and analyzed how the change of institutional evaluation system of institutions was reflected by these change factors. As a result, I analyzed how the changes in the institutional evaluation system ultimately affected the government - funded research institutes. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the evaluation system of the government - sponsored research institutes has been effectively designed and operated and to provide policy recommendations for the design and operation of the institutional evaluation system.


    2. Theory and Analysis framework

    In order to examine the context of the changes in institutional evaluation system, it analyzed based on the theory of new institutionalism and classified the factors influencing policy change into environmental factors, ideas and actors. Next, the components of the meta - evaluation were used to analyze the changes of institutional evaluation system. In addition, through the review of the existing research, the evaluation paradigm, evaluation system, evaluation process, and evaluation utilization were extracted as key elements. Finally, to analyze the impact of the institutional evaluation system on government - funded research institutes, three key categories were derived inductively based on the grounded theory. To do this, I used existing statistical data and literature, and conducted in - depth interviews with government, research institutes, and government - funded research institutes. I analyzed the impact of institutional evaluation system changes on three key categories, ie, the operational aspect of the organization, the performance aspect of the research, and the realization aspect of the institution establishment purpose.
    For the analysis, I classified the evaluation system change of the government - sponsored research institutes in Korea into four categories reflecting the characteristics of the period. The four periods are the same as the first period (1991 ~ 1998), the second period (1999 ~ 2004), the third period (2005 ~ 2012) and the fourth period (2013 ~ 2017).


    3. Findings

    As a result of the analysis, the policy paradigm was changed through the adoption of the new paradigm idea of the government as the political environment changed due to the change of the 5-year unit regime. As a result, program ideas such as the reorganization of the ministry of science and technology, improvement of the science and technology law system, and change of the government-sponsored research institute policy have been adopted. This change in the organization and institution has also provided the bureaucracy, the core actor, with the constraints and opportunities of change. The bureaucratic group also selected the idea of institutional evaluation system change considering the system improvement requirement of government - funded research institute, the direction of science and technology policy at the time, and benchmarking of overseas countries. In other words, the ideas related to the improvement of the institutional evaluation system are not new ones but rather the requirements that have been continuously raised by the GRIs have been selectively reflected by the change of government or new bureaucrats. With these changes, the institutional evaluation system has made a large and small change in the evaluation paradigm, evaluation system, evaluation process, and utilization of evaluation from 1991 to 2017 for 26 years, and has brought about the influence of change.
    The effects of institutional evaluation system changes are as follows: First, As the government changes, the policy directions and evaluation directions are changed according to the new science and technology policy paradigm and evaluation standard. All GRIs will create a technical commercialization organization uniformly and create a supporting organization for SMEs. Which led to the inefficiency of institutional operations, which led to the failure of research results. In addition, since the Lee Myung bak administration, the achievement of government guidelines, such as the advancement of public institutions and the normalization of abnormalities, have become important factors in institutional evaluation. As a result, conflicts between the labor union and the management have come to the fore in the GRIs with the introduction of the wage peak system, the introduction of the excellent researchers system, and the introduction of the annual salary system. In the case of the workforce structure, the emphasis of the evaluation by period changed, and the proportion of the researcher was increased and the proportion of the administrative worker was increased again.
    Second, in terms of research outcomes, most government - funded research institutes became obsessed with attaining quantitative achievement by emphasizing the quantitative performance of papers, patents, and technical fees, regardless of the nature of the institution. Although the standard has been changed from 2014 to emphasize qualitative performance, quantitative performance is still being presented as a reference. As GRIs focus on short-term quantitative outcomes, they have not achieved long-term large-scale research results, and these problems are still not resolved.
    Finally, the impact of institutional evaluation system changes on the realization of institutional objectives is as follows.
    In the meantime, the government did not present the evaluation criteria that match the characteristics of the individual institutions in the evaluation of the institution, and the evaluation based on the same standard caused various problems. In other words, all GRIs have a similar organizational structure and, as a result, they are forced to operate differently from the purpose of establishment. For example, A GRI operates a science commercialization team from 2009 and a small business support center in 2014 to operate a technology commercialization team and a technical support team. However, the mission of A GRI is to develop future energy commercialization technology, not the short - term business or the support of SMEs. Thus, most GRIs have focused on areas that are far from the purpose of establishment according to the uniform policy direction and evaluation standards of the government, resulting in the weakening of national science and technology competitiveness.
    In conclusion, the institutional evaluation system can be seen as the purpose of the government to check whether the GRIs are operating well in line with the mission and are performing well. However, because the government operated the agency evaluation system in a way that did not fit the purpose of the law, the results did not come out properly. In other words, it has been a problem of the institutional evaluation system that the GRIs have played a role that does not correspond to the mission while changing the institutional evaluation system according to the direction of the new government.
    Therefore, the government should delegate sufficient authority to the National Science and Technology Research Council like the developed countries in Germany and England without directly designing and operating the evaluation system of the GRIs. And the National Science and Technology Research Council should be able to operate an evaluation system according to the characteristics of each type of GRIs. In addition, GRIs should set their own challenging goals in accordance with their own autonomy and responsibilities. In addition, GRIs set their own challenging goals in accordance with their own autonomy and responsibilities. GRIs in the basic research field should focus on the search for new research, and GRIs in the field of applied research should pursue research that fits industrialization and SME support.


    4. Implications

    1) Theoretical Perspectives

    Next, the theoretical implications of this study are as follows.
    First, it can be said that it contributed to expanding the practical applicability and explanatory power of new institutionalism by explaining the mechanism of change of institutional evaluation system by applying the concept of idea which is recently emphasized in the theory of new institutionalism.
    Second, to analyze the micro - change contents of the institutional evaluation system, I analyzed the micro - change contents in terms of evaluation paradigm, evaluation system, evaluation process and evaluation utilization using meta - evaluation component, and applied Thelen’ four types of change.
    Third, it is the first attempt to analyze the impact of changes in the institutional evaluation system. In previous researches, the focus was only on the influence factors and changes in evaluation system changes, and there were no cases in which the effects of institutional changes were analyzed.
    2) Policy Perspectives

    Next, the policy implications of this study are as follows.
    The policy implications are largely divided into the structural and operational aspects of the institutional evaluation system, and the policy implications on the structural side are as follows.
    First, a careful approach to changes in science and technology administrative systems is needed. Even if the new regime is replaced in the future, it is necessary to maintain the consistency of policy and system for the development of science and technology in the medium and long term by minimizing the reorganization of the science and technology administrative system.
    Second, it is necessary to build a democratic science and technology governance system. It is necessary to construct and operate an 'Institutional Evaluation System Steering Committee' composed of experts from companies, universities, research institutes, government, and the general public.
    Third, it is necessary to improve the self evaluation of the current National Science and Technology Research Council and the higher evaluation system of the ministry. In other words, it is necessary to strengthen the self-evaluation system centered on the National Science and Technology Research Council, and the government should indirectly monitor it through the evaluation of the research institute and make a final report to the National Science and Technology Council.
    Next, policy recommendations from the operational aspects of the institutional evaluation system are as follows.
    First, it is necessary to maintain consistency of the evaluation paradigm and appropriate linkage with the evaluation framework. The evaluation paradigm, which is the basic philosophy of evaluation, should be careful to change once government has set the direction. It is also important to establish a more sophisticated evaluation method in accordance with the evaluation paradigm.
    Second, it is necessary to operate an institutional evaluation system that meets the characteristics of GRIs. In other words, in the case of the industrial technology fields, the GRIs can set the evaluation criteria by itself and apply the evaluation method by comparing with the foreign country like the Fraunhofer Research Association. In addition, GRIs in the basic technology field should be able to be evaluated for new research that has been 'out of the world' through peer evaluation like the Max Planck Research Association.
    Third, it is necessary to present and evaluate performance targets so that GRIs can create excellent large - scale achievements and nurture global research groups. In addition to the presentation of large-scale, high-quality achievements, it is necessary to select a group to foster a global research group as another axis and to introduce a system for evaluating and confirming growth over the long term.
    Fourth, it is necessary to secure the acceptability of the evaluation target institution. It is important to make sure that large contributions are received if the agency is well-qualified.
    Finally, it is necessary to strengthen the policy utilization of evaluation results. In order for the government to strengthen the utilization of institutional evaluation results for participation, it is necessary to solve various problems of the current participation system.

    더보기

    목차 (Table of Contents)

    • < 목 차 >
    • 제1장 서론 1
    • < 목 차 >
    • 제1장 서론 1
    • 제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 1
    • 1. 연구배경 1
    • 2. 연구목적 4
    • 제2절 연구의 범위 및 방법 7
    • 1. 연구대상 및 범위 7
    • 2. 연구방법 8
    • 3. 연구의 구성 10
    • 제2장 이론적 고찰 및 선행연구 검토 11
    • 제1절 기관평가제도의 이론적 검토 11
    • 1. 기관평가의 의의 및 특성 11
    • 2. 기관평가제도 분석에 관한 이론적 검토 19
    • 제2절 정책변동의 이론적 검토 25
    • 1. 정책변동의 개념 및 유형 25
    • 2. 기관평가제도의 거시적 변동의 분석 접근으로서 신제도주의 34
    • 제3절 선행연구 검토 43
    • 1. 과학기술분야 정부출연연 기관평가제도 관련 선행연구 검토 43
    • 2. 정책변동 관련 선행연구검토 48
    • 3. 선행연구의 시사점 및 본 연구의 차별성 52
    • 제3장 연구 분석 틀의 설계 54
    • 제1절 분석틀의 구성 54
    • 1. 기관평가제도 시기 구분 56
    • 2. 기관평가제도 변동의 요인 분석 57
    • 3. 기관평가제도 변동의 양상 분석 61
    • 4. 기관평가제도 변동의 영향 분석 63
    • 제2절 구성요소의 설정과 정의 67
    • 1. 기관평가제도 변동의 요인 67
    • 2. 기관평가제도 변동의 양상 70
    • 3. 기관평가제도 변동의 영향 71
    • 제4장 시기별 기관평가제도 변동의 요인 및 영향 분석 73
    • 제1절 과학기술분야 출연연 기관평가제도 변동과정 및 내용 73
    • 1. 과학기술분야 정부출연연구기관의 설립 및 변천 과정 73
    • 2. 과학기술분야 정부출연연구기관 기관평가제도 현황분석 79
    • 제2절 부처합동 기관평가제도기(1991~1998) 87
    • 1. 기관평가제도 변동의 요인 87
    • 2. 기관평가제도 변동의 양상 96
    • 3. 기관평가제도 변동의 영향 101
    • 제3절 연구회 주도 기관평가제도기(1999~2004) 108
    • 1. 기관평가제도 변동의 요인 108
    • 2. 기관평가제도 변동의 양상 117
    • 3. 기관평가제도 변동의 영향 128
    • 제4절 부처경쟁 기관평가제도기(2005~2012) 138
    • 1. 기관평가제도 변동의 요인 138
    • 2. 기관평가제도 변동의 양상 148
    • 3. 기관평가제도 변동의 영향 159
    • 제5절 과기부처 주도 기관평가제도기(2013~2017) 167
    • 1. 기관평가제도 변동의 요인 167
    • 2. 기관평가제도 변동의 양상 175
    • 3. 기관평가제도 변동의 영향 186
    • 제6절 종합분석 및 정책제언 193
    • 1. 시기별 기관평가제도 변동요인의 종합 분석 193
    • 2. 시기별 기관평가제도 변동 양상의 종합 분석 204
    • 3. 시기별 기관평가제도 변동의 영향 종합분석 213
    • 4. 과학기술분야 출연연 기관평가제도 변동모형 219
    • 5. 정책제언 221
    • 제5장 결론 230
    • 제1절 연구결과의 요약 230
    • 제2절 연구결과의 이론적・정책적 함의 238
    • 1. 이론적 함의 238
    • 2. 정책적 함의 239
    • 제3절 연구결과의 한계 243
    • <참고문헌> 245
    • <부록> 263
    • <Abstract> 269
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    참고문헌 (Reference)

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