Clinical Impact of Exosomal microRNA as a Novel Biomarker of Liver Fibrosis

( Young Chang ),( Jae-a Han ),( Suk Min Kang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Tom Ryu ),( Han Seul Park ),( Jeong-ju Yoo ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: Many approaches have been suggested for the non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis, including the use of serum biomarkers and ultrasound-based elastography, but none has yet replaced liver biopsy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested as potential diagnostic tools for liver diseases. We investigated alterations in the expression of serum exosomal miRNAs with the progression of liver fibrosis and evaluated their clinical applicability as biomarkers. Methods: This study prospectively enrolled 71 patients who underwent liver biopsy at a large-volume academic hospital in Korea. Exosomes were extracted from serum samples, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of miRNAs was conducted in patients from different stages of liver fibrosis. Differential expression of miRNAs was quantified using targeted real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A model was derived to discriminate advanced fibrosis based on miRNA levels using multivariate logistic regression. The performance of this model was evaluated and compared using area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and De- Long’s test. Results: NGS data revealed the relationship between exosomal miR-122 expression and liver fibrosis progression. The level of miR-122 decreased as the pathologic fibrosis grade progressed from stage 0 to 4. Patients with biopsy-proven advanced fibrosis had significantly lower levels of exosomal miR-122 (P<0.001) than those without advanced fibrosis. Exosomal miR-122 exhibited a fair performance in discriminating advanced fibrosis with an AUC of 0.77, which improved to 0.86 in combination with fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4) and transient elastography (TE). This value was higher than that reported for any other non-invasive modalities, including TE (AUC of 0.80) or FIB-4 (AUC of 0.57) alone. In a subgroup of patients with a non-viral etiology of liver disease, the performance of exosomal miR-122 as a biomarker improved, evident from the increase in the AUC value to 0.87. In this subpopulation, the combination model of miR- 122, FIB-4, and TE showed the best discrimination ability (AUC of 0.90), which was significantly higher than that of TE alone (AUC of 0.83; DeLong’s test P=0.046). Inhibition of miR-122 expression increased the proliferation of the human hepatic stellate cell line, LX-2, and upregulated the expression of collagen- 1A, a-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and transforming growth factor-ß. Conclusions: Exosomal miR-122 may serve as a novel biomarker for discriminating advanced liver fibrosis, and its accuracy may enhanced in combination with other non-invasive tests such as FIB-4 and TE.

Clostridium difficile에 의한 설사의 예후인자

김준형,김희정,구남수,김영근,최준용,신소연,박윤선,김연아,김명수,정수진,최희경,송영구,이경원,김준명 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.2

배경 : Clostridium difficile에 의한 설사(Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea; CDAD)는 임상 경과가 다양하다. 최근에 유럽과 북미에서 C. difficile 감염의 발생률이 증가하고 고전적 치료에 잘 반응하지 않으며 이환률이 증가하였고, 이러한 원인이 새로운 균주의 탄생에 기인한다고 보고되었다. CDAD의 예후에 영향을 미치는 세균성 요인과 숙주 요인을 확인하기 위해 본 연구를 진행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2002년 8월부터 2003년 12월까지 CDAD가 진단된 20세 이상인 환자들을 대상으로 후향적 Cohort 연구를 하였다. 세균성 요인을 확인하기 위해 cdt A, cdtB, tcd A, tcd A rep 그리고 tcd B 유전자(binary toxin)를 확인하였다. 설사가 치료 시작 후 11일 이상 지속되거나, 2달 이내에 재발하거나, 수술 혹은 다른 시술이 필요한 경우, 사망한 경우 예후가 좋지 않은 것으로 정의하였다. 결과 : 총 115예에서 toxin을 생성하는 C. difficile가 동정되었으며, Toxin A와 toxin B 모두 양성인 균이 91예, toxin B만 양성인 균이 24예였다. Toxin A 생성 여부가 예후에 영향을 미치지 않았지만, 제산제를 사용한 환자에서 그렇지 않은 환자에 비해 toxin B만 양성인 균이 많이 동정되었다(P<0.05). 예후가 좋지 않은 경우는 39예(33.9%)였고 76예(66.1%)에서 예후는 양호하였다. 단변량 분석에서 70세 이상의 고령, 남성, 증상 발현 후 사용한 항생제의 개수 사용, 증상 발현 후 carbapenem, aminoglycoside, glycopeptide 사용, 당뇨 및 뇌졸중 병력이 있는 경우, 그리고 높은 Charlson index가 불량한 예후 인자로 확인되었다. 그러나 독립적인 예후 인자를 조사했을 때에는70세 이상의 고령(odds ratio=3.378, P=0.009), 증상 발현후 carbapenem 사용(odds ratio 7.210, P<0.001)이 예후에 중요한 영향을 미치는 요소로 확인되었다. 결론 : 70세 이상의 고령과 증상 발현 후 carbapenem 사용이 CDAD 독립적인 불량한 예후인자이다. Background : Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has a wide range of clinical manifestations. The prognostic factors of CDAD are not fully understood. Materialsand Methods : A retrospective cohort study of 115 patients with CDAD from Aug. 2002 to Dec. 2003 was conducted to evaluate prognostic factors of CDAD. Bacteriologic factors were determined by detecting the binary toxin gene, tcd A, tcd A rep and tcd B gene. Poor prognosis was defined as diarrhea more than 10 days even with classic treatment, recurrence, death, and moribund discharge. Results : Approximately 79% of isolated strains were toxin A+/B+ strains and 21% were toxin A-/B+ strains. There was no difference in prognosis between toxin A+ and toxin A- strains. 39 (33.9%) cases showed poor prognosis and 76 (66.1%) cases showed good prognosis. Univariate analyses revealed that the poor prognostic factors were old age over 70 years old, male, the number of antibiotics used after onset of symptom, the administration of carbapenems, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides after onset of symptom, history of DM and stroke, and high Charlson comorbidity index. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified old age over 70 years old (odds ratio=3.378, P=0.009) and the administration of carbapenems after onset of symptom (odds ratio 7.210, P<0.001) as the independent poor prognostic factors. Conclusion : Old age over 70 and the administration of carbapenems after onset of symptom were the poor prognostic factors for CDAD caused by none-binary toxin producing strains.

A Study on Enterovirus Genotypes in Busan, Korea from 2017 to 2022

Nam-Ho Kim,Young-A Jung,Hyeon-Jeong Kwon,Han-Nwi You,이승주 대한미생물학회 2023 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.53 No.2

Human enteroviruses (HEV) are pathogens that cause a wide variety of clinicalillness such as a hand-foot-mouth disease, herpangina, skin rash, encephalitis,aseptic meningitis and even death in young children. This study was aimed toinvestigate the prevalence of HEV infection in young children in Busan, Korea andanalyze the various genotypes of enterovirus. We collected the stool, throat swaband cerebrospinal fluid samples from admitted pediatrics from 2017 to 2022. HEV detection and genotype identification were performed by real-time RT-PCRand RT-PCR and phylogenetic trees were constructed by neighbor-joining methodcompared with reference strains. A total of 1,412 samples were collected and128 cases (9.1%) were detected. Based on partial VP1 sequencing, a total 93enterovirus isolates were resolved into 4 genotypes and 18 serotypes; Humanenterovirus A, B, D (HEV-A, B, D) and Rhinovirus. HEV-A is 30 isolates included 7serotypes, HEV-B is 63 isolates included 10 serotypes, HEV-D is 1 isolates included1 serotypes and Rhinovirus is 5 isolated included 3 serotypes. Prevalent serotypewas coxsakievirus A10 in 2017, coxsakievirus B5 in 2018, Echovirus 30 in 2019. Thetemporal distribution of HEV epidemics in Busan showed a remarkable seasonalpattern, from June to September. The genotypes of circulating enteroviruseswere diverse from year to year and most of the sequences circulated in Busanshowed homology with reference sequences in neighboring countries such asChina. Monitoring and genotyping of these enteroviruses will play a role inpreventing the development of serious diseases caused by enteroviruses andgenotype analysis can be used as a basic data for epidemiological studies.

혈액 투석 환자에서 2년간 추적 관찰시 Lipoprotein(a)의 변화에 끼치는 요인의 분석

김경아,송준호,이경주,박영주,이승우,김문재 대한신장학회 2000 대한신장학회잡지 Vol.19 No.4

청년기 여성의 건강신념과 체중조절행위에 영향을 미치는 요인

김영숙,최영아 김천과학대학 2001 김천과학대학 논문집 Vol.27 No.-

The purpose of this study is to identify the weight control behavior and health belief of adolescent women, and to investigate factors having an effect on their weight control behaviors by a descriptive correlation survey. It will be helpful for presenting the meaningful basic data for the health education planning of college students, and for taking to a desirable weight control habit for their good health. The data were collected from June 4th to June 8th, 2001, and the subjects were 127 women's students of a nursing college. The results were as follows. 1. A degree of health concern was 36.9, 18.0 for a perceived sensitivity, 24.2 for a perceived severity, 24.4 for a perceived benefit, and 23.3 for a perceived barrier on the average. 2. A Degree of Weight control behavior was 35.3 on the average. 3. For a health locus of control, it represented the highest point of 23.6 for a internal health locus of control, 18.6 for an others health locus of control, and the lowest point of 16.7 for a chance health locus of control. 4. Subjects' self-esteem was 30.1 on the average. 5. Four variables - a tip for reducing weight, family's support, chance health locus of control and perception for one's own weight - represented 17% explanation power in examining the explanation powers of variables having an effect of performance of health control behavior. We will purpose as follows on the basis of the above research results. A health education necessary for an active weight control habit and a correct perception on adolescent women's weights are required. It will be necessary to study for variables having an effect on weight control behavior.

Studies on Simultaneous Determination of Chlorophyll a and b, Pheophorbide a, and $\beta-Carotene$ in Chlorella and Spirulina Products

이영자,김소희,김진숙,한정아,서해점,임효정,최수영,Lee Young Ja,Kim So Hee,Kim Jin-Sook,Han Jeong A,Seo Hae Jeom,Lim Hyo Jeong,Choi Soo Young The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety 2005 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.20 No.3

역상 컬럼을 이용하여 건강기능식품 중 클로렐라 및 스피루리나제품에 함유되어 있는 엽록소 a, b,페오포르바이드 a 및 $\beta$-카로틴의 HPLC동시분석법을 확립하였으며, 첨가농도 $50\;\mug/ml$에서 엽록소 a, b, 페오포르바이드 a 및 $\beta$-카로틴에 대한 회수율시험결과, 각각 2.8, 6.0, 10.6 및 $10.4\%$의 상대표준편차와 70.3, 71.6, 60.1 및 $90.5\%$의 회수율을 각각 나타냈다. 이때 검출한계는 $0.1\sim1.0\;\mug/ml$, 정량한계는 $0.2\sim2.0\;\mug/ml$이었으며 검량선 상관계수도 0.995 이상의 직선성을 보여주었다. 국내유통 클로렐라 및 스피루리나제품에 대한 엽록소 a, b,페오포르바이드 a및 $\beta$-카로틴의 함유량을 분석한 결과 엽록소 a $121.g\sim543$, 엽록소 b $0.6\sim160.0$, 페오포르바이드 a 및 P-카로틴 $383.6\sim1713.7mg/ml$ 수준으로 나타났다. 엽록소 b의 함유량은 클로렐라제품에서 평균 374.0 mg/100 g 으로 스피루리나제품의 평균 10.5 mg/100 g 보다 30배 이상 함유하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 $\beta$-카로틴의 함유량은 스피루리나제품이 평균 1335.4 mg/100 g 로 클로렐라제품의 평균 495.0 mg/100 g 보다 평균 함유량에서 2.7배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 국내 건강기능식품공전 중 클로렐라 및 스피루리나제품의 엽록소 a b, 및 페오포르바이드 항목의 규격검사를 본 연구의 동시분석법으로 개정함으로써 각 성분 함량의 정량, 분석시간의 단축 및 비용절감 둥 시험방법을 크게 개선할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. A simple and sensitive analysis method based on reverse phase (RP) HPLC with UV detector was developed for simultaneous determination of chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a and $\beta-Carotene$ in Chlorella and Spirulina products. For added concentration $(50\;\mug/ml)$ of chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a and $\beta-Carotene$, recoveries of those were 70.3, 71.6, 60.1 and $90.5\%$, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 2.8,6.0, 10.6 and $10.4\%$. Limit of detection and quantification had ranges of $0.1\sim1.0\;\mug/ml$ and $0.2\sim2.0\;\mug/ml$, respectively. Calibration curve was linear with correlation coefficient of 0.995 for chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a and $\beta-Carotene$. Results of simultaneous determination in Chlorella and Spirulina products were showed ranges of $121.g\sim543.0\;\mug/ml$ for chlorophyll a,$0.6\sim160.0\;\mug/ml$ for chlorophyll b, $19.2\sim60.3\;\mug/ml$ for pheophorbide a and $383.6\sim1713.7\;\mug/ml$ for $\beta-Carotene$, respectively. Chlorophyll b contents in Chlorella products were detected above 30 times level to those in Spirulina products. $\beta-Carotene$ contents in Spirulina products were detected 2.7 times level to those in Chlorella products.

인삼 추출물 함유 한방화장품이 건강한 성인 여성의 삶의 질에 미치는 영향에 관한 예비 연구; Skindex-16을 중심으로

조가영 ( Ga Young Cho ),박효민 ( Hyo Min Park ),권이경 ( Lee Kyung Kwon ),조성아 ( Sung A Cho ),강병영 ( Byung Young Kang ),김윤범 ( Yoon Bum Kim ) 대한화장품학회 2015 대한화장품학회지 Vol.41 No.4

본 연구에서는 건강한 성인 여성을 대상으로 인삼 추출물을 함유한 스킨케어 제품의 시료 제시 방법과 여성들의 삶의 질 개선 효과 간의 상관 관계를 분석하였다. 삶의 질이란 질병이나 건강 상태가 일상생활에 미치는 신체적, 정신적 그리고 사회적 영향에 대한 개인적인 반응을 나타내는 개념이다. 이에 저자들은 45명의 건강한 성인 여성을 두 그룹으로 나누어 한 그룹(Group A)에는 브랜드 고유의 패키지를 유지한 인삼 크림 시료를 제공하였고, 다른 그룹(Group B)은 브랜드와 제품명을 알 수 없는 하얀색 통에 담은 동일한 시료를 제공하여 8주간 사용하게 하였다. 피부 관련 삶의 질 평가는 Skindex-16 설문지를 사용하여 시험 초기와 4주 후, 8주 후에 걸쳐 시행되었다. 시험 참여를 중지한 2명의 피험자를 제외한 43명의 Skindex-16 초기값의 평균은 22.70 ± 4.82점이었다. 8주 후, 그룹 A의 Skindex-16 지표는 초기값 23.30 ± 5.14에서 20.20 ± 4.83으로, 그룹 B는 22.17 ± 4.58에서 20.52 ± 3.60로 통계적으로 유의한 정도로 개선되었다. 세부 항목에서는 그룹 A의 ‘증상’ 항목이 4주 후, ‘감정’ 항목이 8주 후에 통계적으로 유의하게 개선되었으며, ‘기능’ 항목은 어느 그룹에서도 통계적으로 유의한 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 또한, 총합과 세부 항목 모두 측정 시기 및 그룹에 따른 교호작용은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 확인되지 않았다. 본 실험을 통해 인삼 크림이 포함된 스킨케어가 건강한 성인 여성의 삶의 질에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 스킨케어 행위 자체가 패키지에 대한 영향보다 삶의 질의 개선에 주는 영향이 큼을 추측할 수 있다. 장기적으로 ‘삶의 질’이란 기존의 피부과학 지표의 개선과 주관적 만족도의 개념을 넘어 신규한 화장품 효능 영역으로 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. This study is designed to analyze the effect of skincare using cosmetic containing ginseng extract, on improving quality of life (QOL) of healthy women, with blind testing. QOL is a concept that represents how one’s disease or health condition can physically, psychologically, and socially influence his or her daily life. The study was conducted to assess the effect of a ginseng cosmetic preparation on quality of life (QOL) using the Skindex-16 score, stratified by blind versus non-blinded option. 45 healthy women aged between 30 and 49 years with no skin disease were recruited for this study. Volunteers were divided into two groups. Group A (n = 22) received anti-aging cream with ginseng extract in the original packaging, which included the brand name and logo. Group B (n = 23) received the same cream in a plain white jar without any package decoration or logo. Both groups used the cream for 8 weeks. For the skin-related QOL assessment, Skindex-16 was used at baseline, forth, and eighth week. All volunteers except two dropouts in Group A completed the dermatology-specific QOL measure, Skindex-16, at baseline, after 4 weeks, and after 8 weeks of treatment with the provided samples. As a result, the mean score of 43 participants at baseline was 22.70 ± 4.82. There was a significant difference between the baseline score and the score after 8 weeks in both groups: The scores changed from 23.30 ± 5.14 to 20.20 ± 4.83 in Group A, from 22.17 ± 4.58 to 20.52 ± 3.60 in Group B. The “Symptom” subscale of Skindex-16 improved after 4 weeks and the “Emotion” subscale improved after 8 weeks in Group A. The “Function” subscale did not show improvement in either groups. Both groups showed no interaction effect between follow up time and groups in Skindex-16 and subscale. This research opens up the possibility of skincare using ginseng cream having a positive effect on QOL in healthy women. Moreover, one can predict that skincare ritual itself may have greater impact on the improvement of QOL, compared to the product packaging.

자궁 내 감염 관련 유전자 및 산화 스트레스 관련 유전자와 조기분만의 연관성

유시연 ( Si Yeon You ),김정명 ( Jung Myung Kim ),이경아 ( Kyung A Lee ),박미혜 ( Mi Hye Park ),김영주 ( Young Ju Kim ),전선희 ( Sun Hee Chun ) 대한산부인과학회 2010 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.53 No.7

목적: 조기 분만과 자궁 내 감염 관련 유전자 (IFN-γ, interleukin [IL]-10) 및 산화 스트레스 관련 유전자 (CYP1A1)와의 연관성을 알아보고자 한다. 연구 방법: 2007년 1월부터 2008년 12월까지 이대 목동병원 산부인과에서 산전 검사 및 분만을 시행한 산모 중 37주 이전에 분만한 조산군 164명과 37주 이후에 분만한 대조군 305명을 대상으로 하였으며, 임신 주수 24주 미만, 태아의 선천성 기형, 다태아 분만, 사산의 경우를 제외하였다. 참여자는 입원 시 키, 몸무게 측정 및 혈액 채취를 시행하였고 임신 주수는 최종 월경일 또는 초음파 측정을 통해 계산 되었다. 산모의 혈액에서 IFN-γ, IL-10, CYP1A1 유전자형을 PCR과 SNaPShot method를 사용하여 검사하였으며 카이제곱 검정과 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하여 통계분석 하였다. 결과: 조기 분만군과 만삭 분만군 사이에 임신 주수, 태아 체중에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(P<0.0001). IFN-γ, IL-10, CYP1A1 유전자형의 빈도와 조기 분만 사이에는 유의한 상관성이 없었다(P>0.05). 결론: 본 연구에서 IFN-γ (874A/T) 및 IL-10 (1082A/G), IL-10 (819C/T), IL-10 (592A/C)와 CYP1A1 (T6235C), CYP1A1 (Ile462val [A/G]) 유전자형의 빈도는 조산과 관련이 없었다. Objective: To investigate the association between preterm birth and cytokine genes (IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-10) in intrauterine infection and enzyme gene (CYP1A1) in oxidative stress response. Methods: This study involved a case-control study conducted at Ewha Womans University Hospital in Seoul, Korea. Subjects with preterm deliveries (<37 weeks of gestation) and normal controls with term deliveries (≥37 weeks of gestation) were selected from gravidas who had undergone prenatal examinations in the hospital and were followed until infant delivery. The weight, height, and blood samples of each participants were obtained according to standard protocols. We included subjects who gave birth to a singleton infant and had a gestational age between 24 and 42 weeks. Mutiple births, stillbirths, and congenital anomalies were excluded. Finally, 164 gravidas with preterm births and 305 normal controls with term deliveries were enrolled in the present study. Results: Preterm delivery group and term delivery group had significant difference in gestational age and neonatal body weight (P<0.0001). There were no statistically significant association between preterm birth and IFN-γ, IL-10, CYP1A1 genes (P>0.05). Conclusion: In this study, IFN-γ (874A/T), IL-10 (1082A/G), IL-10 (819C/T), IL-10 (592A/C) and CYP1A1 (T6235C), CYP1A1 (Ile462val [A/G]) genes had no significant association with preterm birth.

<i>SlPMEI</i>, a pollen-specific gene in tomato

Kim, Woong Bom,Lim, Chan Ju,Jang, Hyun A.,Yi, So Young,Oh, Sang-Keun,Lee, Ha Yeon,Kim, Hyun A.,Park, Youn-Il,Kwon, Suk-Yoon Canadian Science Publishing 2014 Canadian journal of plant science. Revue canadienn Vol.94 No.1

<P> Kim, W. B., Lim, C. J., Jang, H. A., Yi, S. Y., Oh, S.-K., Lee, H. Y., Kim, H. A., Park, Y.-I. and Kwon, S.-Y. 2014. SlPMEI, a pollen-specific gene in tomato. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 73-83. Pectin is one of the main components of plant cell walls, and its biosynthesis is controlled by pectin methylesterase (PME). Pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs) are key regulators of PME. We report here the cloning and characterization of a novel Solanum lycopersicum L. PMEI gene, SlPMEI. RT-PCR studies of leaf, seed, fruit, flower, and flower organs confirmed that SlPMEI is expressed specifically in pollen. Promoter analysis of SlPMEI revealed pollen-specific cis-acting elements (pollen lat52 and g10). In addition, SlPMEI is expressed independently of abiotic stress, pathogen exposure, and growth stage in tomato, and a histochemical analysis of promoter activity revealed pollen-specific expression in both Arabidopsis and tomato. Under the microscope, we observed pollen-specific GUS expression in the stamen of transgenic tomato plant. These results indicate that the promoter of SlPMEI has strong pollen-specific activity, and could therefore be useful for development of industrially and agronomically important transgenic plants. </P>

B 형 간염 백신의 효과 - 산모의 HBeAg 양성 유무에 따라 -

김세종(Sei Jong Kim),윤종만(Chong Mann Yoon),최관수(Gwan Su Choi),김지운(Ji Woon Kim),정남기(nam Ki Joung),장영호(Yung Ho Chang),오은아(Eun A O),양인애(In Ae Yang),유영근(Young Geun Ryoo),이봉섭(Bong Seob Lee) 대한소화기학회 1988 대한소화기학회지 Vol.20 No.1

N/A The preventive efficacy for HBV infection and chronic HBV carrier rate by active and passive immunoprophylaxis was observed in 49 newborn infants whose mothers were healthy HBV carriers with normal ALT activity at delivery. All infants were divided into 3 groups; Group A received HBIG at birth and HB Vaccine (Hepavax- B) at month 0, 1 and 6. Group B received first or second vaccine only. Group C received no vaccine. ALT activity, HBsAg and anti-HBs were tested every 3 months for 18 rnonths after delivery, and the results were analyzed in 3 groups according to the mothers HBeAg positivity. 1) The anti-HBs response was57.1% (16/28) in Group A and 76.9% (10/13) in the control group whose mothers vere normal. The anti-HBs response was 64.3% (9.14) and 57.1% (8/14) according to the mothers HBeAg positivity and negativity. The anti-HBs response was 56.3% (9/16) in male and 66.7% (8/12) in female infants. The anti-HBs response svas higher in female infants and infants a hose mothers were normal or HBeAg positive carriers. 2) Chronic HBV carrier rate in infants of HBeAg positive mothers was 14.3% (2/l4) in Ciroup A, 72.7% (8/11 ) in Group 8, 100% (6/6) in Group c and was statistically significant (p=0.037) (c=0.816). There was no significant difference hetween group A, B, and C in infants of HBeAg negative mothers. 3) The positive rate of HBsAg showed significant difference between Groups A and B, A and C, A and (B+C), (A+B) and C in all 3 monthly follow-up tests in infants of HBeAg positive mothers. But there was no significant difference between (groups A, B, and C in infants of HBeAg negative mothers. The results suggest that the anti-HBs response was lower in infants of HBsAg carrier mothers. The preventive efficacy of vaccine for HBV infection and chronic HBV carrier rate was excellent in infants of HBeAg positive mothers but not significant in infants of HBeAg negative mothers by the active and passive immunoprophylaxis.