Proteomics analysis of salt-induced leaf proteins in two rice germplasms with different salt sensitivity

Lee, Dong-Gi,Woong Park, Kee,Young An, Jae,Geol Sohn, Young,Ki Ha, Jung,Yoon Kim, Hak,Won Bae, Dong,Hee Lee, Kyung,Jun Kang, Nam,Lee, Byung-Hyun,Young Kang, Kyu,Joo Lee, Jeung Canadian Science Publishing 2011 Canadian journal of plant science. Revue canadienn Vol.91 No.2

<P> Lee, D.-G., Park, K. W., An, J. Y., Sohn, Y. G., Ha, J. K., Kim, H. Y., Bae, D. W., Lee, K. H., Kang, N. J., Lee, B.-H., Kang, K.-Y. and Lee, J. J. 2011. Proteomics analysis of salt-induced leaf proteins in two rice germplasms with different salt sensitivity. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 337-349. This study was conducted to investigate salt-stress-related physiological responses and proteomics changes in the leaves of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Shoot growth and water content of rice leaves were more severely reduced in Dalseongaengmi-44 than in Dongjin under salt stress. The salt-sensitive Dalseongaengmi-44 exhibited a greater increase in sodium ion accumulation in its leaves than the salt tolerant Dongjin. Comparative analysis of the rice leaf proteins using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) revealed that a total of 23 proteins were up-regulated under salt stress. Based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and/or electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry analyses, the 23 protein spots were found to represent 16 different proteins. Ten of the identified proteins were previously reported to be salt-responsive proteins, while six, class III peroxidase 29 precursor, beta-1,3-glucanase precursor, OSJNBa0086A10.7 (putative transcription factor), putative chaperon 21 precursor, Rubisco activase small isoform precursor and drought-induced S-like ribonuclease, were novel salt-induced proteins. Under salt stress, fragmentation was increased in several proteins containing the Rubisco large chain. The results of these physiological and proteomics analyses provide useful information that can lead to a better understanding of the molecular basis of salt-stress responses in rice. </P>

Utilization of zeolite industrial wastewater for removal of copper and zinc from copper-brass pipe industrial wastewaterA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science.

Sreesai, Siranee,Sthiannopkao, Suthipong Canadian Science Publishing 2009 Canadian journal of civil engineering Vol.36 No.4

<P> Utilization of zeolite industrial wastewater as a sorbent and (or) precipitant to remove Cu and Zn from copper-brass pipe industrial wastewater was conducted. These wastewaters were sampled and values for pH, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), and heavy metals were determined. In addition, the sorption isotherms of Cu and Zn in copper-brass pipe industrial wastewater onto solids of zeolite industrial wastewater at various dilutions of copper-brass pipe industrial wastewater were explored. The relationship between Cu and Zn concentrations and their removal efficiencies under different conditions of wastewater pH, contact times, and ratios between copper-brass pipe industrial wastewater and zeolite industrial wastewater was examined. Zeolite industrial wastewater contained various carbonate compounds that contributed to high pH and TDS values, and low heavy metals contamination whereas copper-brass pipe industrial wastewater had a low pH value and was contaminated with heavy metals, especially Cu and Zn. Application of zeolite industrial wastewater significantly increased the pH of copper-brass pipe industrial wastewater and consequently removed Cu and Zn. The increase in pH of the wastewater mixture significantly enhanced the heavy metals removal. The Langmuir equation described sorption isotherms of Cu and Zn onto solids of zeolite industrial wastewater at neutral pH (6-7) while the Freundlich equation fitted well at pH @@>@@ 12. The maximum Cu (97%-98%) and Zn (92%-96%) removal efficiencies occurred at the original pH 12.8 of zeolite industrial wastewater, at the ratio of copper-brass pipe industrial wastewater to zeolite industrial wastewater 3:1 (vol.:vol.) and at 30 min contact time. </P>

<i>SlPMEI</i>, a pollen-specific gene in tomato

Kim, Woong Bom,Lim, Chan Ju,Jang, Hyun A.,Yi, So Young,Oh, Sang-Keun,Lee, Ha Yeon,Kim, Hyun A.,Park, Youn-Il,Kwon, Suk-Yoon Canadian Science Publishing 2014 Canadian journal of plant science. Revue canadienn Vol.94 No.1

<P> Kim, W. B., Lim, C. J., Jang, H. A., Yi, S. Y., Oh, S.-K., Lee, H. Y., Kim, H. A., Park, Y.-I. and Kwon, S.-Y. 2014. SlPMEI, a pollen-specific gene in tomato. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 73-83. Pectin is one of the main components of plant cell walls, and its biosynthesis is controlled by pectin methylesterase (PME). Pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs) are key regulators of PME. We report here the cloning and characterization of a novel Solanum lycopersicum L. PMEI gene, SlPMEI. RT-PCR studies of leaf, seed, fruit, flower, and flower organs confirmed that SlPMEI is expressed specifically in pollen. Promoter analysis of SlPMEI revealed pollen-specific cis-acting elements (pollen lat52 and g10). In addition, SlPMEI is expressed independently of abiotic stress, pathogen exposure, and growth stage in tomato, and a histochemical analysis of promoter activity revealed pollen-specific expression in both Arabidopsis and tomato. Under the microscope, we observed pollen-specific GUS expression in the stamen of transgenic tomato plant. These results indicate that the promoter of SlPMEI has strong pollen-specific activity, and could therefore be useful for development of industrially and agronomically important transgenic plants. </P>

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of rice genes responsive to chilling stress

Cho, Hyun Yong,Hwang, Sun-Goo,Kim, Dong Sub,Jang, Cheol Seong Canadian Science Publishing 2012 Canadian journal of plant science. Revue canadienn Vol.92 No.3

<P> Cho, H. Y., Hwang, S.-G., Kim, D. S. and Jang, C. S. 2012. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of rice genes responsive to chilling stress. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 447-460. Low temperature is known to be one of the major challenges to rice production. We have selected chilling-tolerant TILLING of Donganbyeo, which showed significantly vigorous growth relative to wild-type plants under chilling stress conditions (10-12°C). We performed a comparative transcriptome analysis using a chilling-tolerant line and wild-type plant with the objective to evaluate genomic responses to chilling stress and to identify chilling inducible genes. Functional enrichment analysis results demonstrated that a large proportion of chilling-inducible genes were associated with certain biological pathways, e.g., monosaccharide catabolic processes, reflecting the energy requirements necessary for adaptation to sub-optimal temperatures in plants. Extremely low correlation coefficients in a range of −0.07 to 0.04 were detected between plant responses to chilling stress and different abiotic stress conditions such as drought, salt, cold, and heat; these results imply that plants might exploit strikingly different response mechanisms against stress conditions. The largest subnetwork, which was composed of 78 chilling-specific inducible genes, was found in the tolerant plants, but not in the wild-type plants, which probably implies the existence of a delicate and harmonious signaling pathway setup in the tolerant plants. Expression patterns of 20 chilling-responsive genes were assessed via abiotic stress treatments and phytohormone treatments. About 80% of the tested chilling-inducible genes were upregulated by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. The results of this study may prove useful in elucidating the chilling-response pathway and in the development of chilling-tolerant rice varieties. </P>

Comparative genomic analysis of Korean and Japanese green tea trees by using molecular markers

Cho, K -H.,Lee, E -J.,Tsuge, T,Jo, A,Kim, J C,Cheong, G -W.,Yoon, H -S.,Kim, G T Canadian Science Publishing 2010 Canadian journal of plant science. Revue canadienn Vol.90 No.3

<P> Although green tea is one of the most popular beverages in many countries, the evolutionary origin of Korean and Japanese green tea trees has not been extensively elucidated in a molecular level. Lineages of the five Korean green tea populations and cultivars growing in Hadong area were examined in comparison with the six Japanese and one Chinese cultivars using phylogenetic analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using the non-transcribed region (NTS) region of the 5S rRNA suggested that the Korean Hadong cultivar was a minor variant of the Korean Hadong Cheon-nyeon wild tea plant, which has grown in the Hadong area more than 800 years. RFLP analysis with CAPS markers of the genes in phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway showed that all of the Korean Hadong wild tea populations and cultivar had unique polymorphism patterns, when compared with those of the six Japanese and one Chinese cultivars. In addition, Hadong Cheon-nyeon wild tea showed unique CAPS patterns in the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) locus, indicating that the three CAPS markers in the PAL gene are sufficient to distinguish Hadong Cheon-nyeon wild tea from the others. Thus, our genetic analyses suggested that the Korean Hadong Cheon-nyeon wild tea plant might have evolved as a different lineage from the other wild green tea populations in the Hadong area or the Japanese tea cultivars. Key words: Restriction fragment length polymorphism, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker, green tea, Hadong wild tea, evolutionary origin </P>

Quantifying herbicide dose-response and resistance in <i>Echinochloa</i> spp. by measuring root length in growth pouches

Zhang, C. J.,Lim, S. H.,Kim, J. W.,Song, J. S.,Yook, M. J.,Nah, G.,Valverde, B. E.,Kim, D. S. Canadian Science Publishing 2015 Canadian journal of plant science. Revue canadienn Vol.95 No.6

<P> Zhang, C. J., Lim, S. H., Kim, J. W., Song, J. S., Yook, M. J., Nah, G., Valverde, N. E. and Kim, D. S. 2015. Quantifying herbicide dose-response and resistance in Echinochloa spp. by measuring root length in growth pouches. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1181-1192. The aim of the presented study was to develop a bioassay for rapid diagnosis of herbicide dose-response and resistance in Echinochloa. Pre-germinated seeds of Echinochloa spp. were incubated in growth pouches (18 cm×16.5 cm) containing herbicide solutions in a range of concentrations. Shoot and root lengths were measured after 6 d of incubation. Dose-responses estimated by measuring root lengths in the growth pouches were well-described by the log-logistic dose-response model and similar to those estimated by a whole-plant assay. Accurate dose-response curves were successfully generated for several herbicides with different modes of action, suggesting that the growth pouch method can be used for herbicide bioassays. The suitability of the growth pouch method for rapid diagnosis of acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor resistance in Echinochloa spp. was also tested. For cyhalofop-butyl, resistant and susceptible biotypes were discriminated at 180-300 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> and 80-120 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> for barnyardgrass (E. crus-galli) and late watergrass (E. oryzicola), respectively. For penoxsulam, the discriminatory dosage was 350-500 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> for barnyardgrass and 650-1000 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> for late watergrass. The method was further used to identify late watergrass biotypes resistant and susceptible to two other ALS inhibitors, azimsulfuron and bispyribac-sodium. Our results show that the growth pouch method can be reliably used in herbicide dose-response studies and to diagnose herbicide resistance in Echinochloa spp., with significant time and cost savings compared with conventional whole-plant assays. </P>

A taxonomic revision of <i>Allium</i> (Alliaceae) in the Canadian prairie provinces

Choi, Hyeok Jae,Cota-Sá,nchez, J. Hugo Canadian Science Publishing 2010 Botany Vol.88 No.9

<P> The taxonomy, rarity, and conservation status of Allium L. is revised for the Canadian prairie provinces, based on analyses of herbarium specimens and fieldwork. Five species are recognized: Allium schoenoprasum L., A. geyeri S. Watson var. tenerum M.E. Jones, A. textile A. Nelson & J.F. Macbride, A. cernuum Roth, and A. stellatum Ker Gawler. Distribution maps and a key to species are provided, as well as complete descriptions of the species examined, including new illustrations, information on nomenclatural types, synonymies, and chromosomal and ecological data. A lectotype is designated for A. geyeri var. tenerum. In this study, A. geyeri var. geyeri reported from Alberta and Saskatchewan and ranked in these provinces as having rarity levels S2 and S1, respectively, by the Nature Conservancy, is excluded from the Canadian flora and the rare list of these provinces because it was misidentified from a herbarium specimen of A. textile. Allium tricoccum Solander in W. Aiton is regarded as a non-native species to Manitoba. The rarity and conservation status of Allium in the Canadian prairie provinces is as follows: (i) A. schoenoprasum, listed as S2 in Saskatchewan, is rare in Manitoba, although its rarity status has not been formally assessed in the province; (ii) A. geyeri var. tenerum is the rarest Allium taxon, with distribution restricted to the Waterton Lakes National Park areas of Alberta, and is currently listed as S2; and (iii) A. cernuum was re-evaluated and a rarity level of S1S2 was recommended for the species in Saskatchewan, particularly in its southwestern distributional habitat. </P>

Chemical model to explain asphalt binder and asphalt-aggregate interface behaviors

Cho, Dong-Woo,Kim, Kyoungchul,Lee, Min-Jae Canadian Science Publishing 2010 Canadian journal of civil engineering Vol.37 No.1

<P> The behavior of asphalt mixtures is very complicated due to structural configuration and interfacial friction of aggregates as well as chemical and rheological reactions of the asphalt binder itself or with the aggregates. Furthermore, this complex response is more complicated under various loads, temperatures, and other environmental factors. To control the complex responses and reduce the complex factors, a DSR moisture damage test using small rock disks was developed. This paper focuses on the more fundamental concepts to explain asphalt and asphalt-aggregate bond behavior exhibited under the newly-developed DSR moisture damage test. The traditional model of asphalt structure is based on the theory of colloid and surface chemistry. Although this traditional model can explain many physical phenomena of asphalt structure, it cannot explain all the asphalt behaviors, such as steric hardening. Therefore, more general, but fundamental concepts may be required to attain insight of the material. As one of the possible concepts, a self-assembly concept in supramolecular chemistry is proposed and phenomena and results of the DSR moisture damage test are explained by the concept. </P>

Identification of Capsicum species using SNP markers based on high resolution melting analysis

Golding, Brian,Jeong, Hee-Jin,Jo, Yeong Deuk,Park, Soung-Woo,Kang, Byoung-Cheorl Canadian Science Publishing 2010 Genome Vol.53 No.12

<P> Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from both nuclear and cytoplasmic DNA sequences were developed to identify distinct species of Capsicum . Species identification was achieved by detecting allelic variations of these type of markers via high resolution melting analysis (HRM). We used the HRM polymorphisms of COSII markers and the Waxy gene from the nuclear sequence, in addition to the intergenic spacer between trnL and trnF from cytoplasmic DNA as our SNP markers. A total of 31 accessions of Capsicum, representing six species, were analyzed using this method. As single markers were insufficient for identifying Capsicum species, combinations of all markers unambiguously identified all six. A phylogeny based on the SNP markers was consistent with the current taxonomy of Capsicum species. These observations demonstrate that the markers developed in this study are useful for rapid identification of new germplasm for management of Capsicum species. </P>

New installation scheme for viscoelastic dampers using cables

Choi, Hyunhoon,Kim, Jinkoo Canadian Science Publishing 2010 Canadian journal of civil engineering Vol.37 No.9

<P> Passive energy dissipation devices, such as, viscous, viscoelastic, and friction devices are generally installed in buildings using diagonal or chevron braces. To increase the effective damping force and to reduce the damper volume, various magnifying system of the damper displacement, such as, toggle brace system and scissor-jack-damper configuration have been developed with increase in installation cost. In this study, new installation scheme for passive dampers was proposed using cables installed in such a way that relative displacement equal to storey displacement occurs between the cable and the structure when the structure is subjected to lateral load. The cables can be installed continuously or discretely between base and top storey of the structure. To verify the validity of the proposed method nonlinear dynamic analysis of model structures with viscoelastic dampers installed using the proposed configuration scheme was carried out using three earthquake records and two sinusoidal forces. According to the analysis, the proposed method resulted in significant reduction in the size of dampers compared with the conventional installation methods. </P>