한국인 산모에서 B형 간염 바이러스의 보유율 변화에 관한 연구

오은아 ( O Eun A ),정숙애 ( Jeong Sug Ae ),정만 ( Jeong Man ),심승식 ( Sim Seung Sig ),양인애 ( Yang In Ae ),최관수 ( Choe Gwan Su ),정남기 ( Jeong Nam Gi ) 대한내과학회 1990 대한내과학회지 Vol.38 No.6

N/A In an attempt to investigate the yearly changes of the HBsAg carrier rate by observing the HBsAg positive rate in full-term pregnant women who are definitely related to the vertical transmission of the hepatitis B virus, as well as to analyze the epidemiologic factors which influence the HBsAg positive rate in pregnant women, we tested HBsAg and checked the histories of about 20 epidemiologic factors in 10,359 prgnant women .who delivered at St. Columban`s Hospital in Mokpo City from April 1, 1985 to June 30, 1989. The results were as follows: 1) Overall HBsAg positivity in all 10,359 pregnant women was 7.9%. 2) The positive rate of HBsAg was unrelated to the frequency or degree of alcohol drinking,smoking, income, nutritional state, hygiene, education, religion, occupation, locality or, injections at home in pregnant women. 3) The positive rates of HBsAg were higher in cases who had acupuncture, venereal disease, who had more than four siblings, and who worked as an institutional worker or hospital staff. The positive rates of HBsAg increased significantly in cases who had blood transfusions(0.025<p<0.05), who had injections at hospitals(p<0.005), who had no hepatitis B vaccination(p<0.005), who had a family history of liver disease(p<0.001) and who were much older(p<0.005). 4) The positive rate of HBsAg was decreased significantly from 9.2% to 7.0% for five years(p<0.001). There were several factors which influence the HBsAg positivity every year. First, the rate of hepatitis B vaccination increased significantly(p<0.001), second, the number of pregnant women who had more than six siblings increased significantly(0.025<p<0.05) and third, the number of pregnant women who had acupuncture decreased significantly(p<0.001). But the number of pregnant women who were over 30 years old increased significantly(p<0.001). 5) The positive rate of HBsAg increased significantly from 7.2% to 13.0% as the age increased(p<0.005). There were several factors which influenced HBsAg positivity by age group. Although the rate of hepatitis B vaccination increased significantly in the older age groups(p<0.001), the positive rate of HBsAg increased more in the older age groups because the numbers of pregnant women who had acupuncture(p<0.001) and a family history of liver disease(p<0.005) increased significantly. The results suggest that the number of HBV carrier pregnant women in Korea decreased progressively every year. Although the rate of hepatitis B vaccination increased significantly, it was not so effective due to the small total number. The number of pregnant women who had acupuncture and a family history of liver disease increased significantly, especially those over 30 years old. So it is important to have a nationwide program of hepatitis B immunization and to educate people on how to interfere with the transmission route in order to eradicate hepatitis B in Korea.

한국인 산모와 신생아에서 NANB 간염과 B 형 간염에 관한 연구

최관수(Gwan Su Choi),김지운(Ji Woon Kim),장영호(Yung Ho Chang),오은아(Eun A O),양인애(In Ae Yang),유영근(Young Geun Ryoo),이봉섭(Bong Seob Lee),정남기(Nam Ki Jong),오영종(Young Zong Oh),남명숙(Myoung Soog Nam),임순선(Soon Seon Lim),김 대한소화기학회 1988 대한소화기학회지 Vol.20 No.2

N/A To assess the frequency of hepatitis in pregnant women, we examined the findings of the physical examination, medical history, liver function tests and viral markers in 7,580 pregnant women who delivered at St. Columbans Hospital in Mokpo City from April 1st, 1985 to June 30th, 1988. We compared the characteristics of hepatitis B in 28 mothers and 17 newborn infants, and of non-A, non-B hepatitis in 17 mothers and 61 newborn infants, The results were as follows; 1) Among 7,580 pregnant women, there were 629 cases (8.30%) of HBV carriers. Abnormal elevation of transaminase at delivery was noted in cases of hepatitis A (2, 0.03%), hepatitis B (25, 0. 33%), NANB hepatitis (57, 0.75%) toxemia (9, 0.12%) and drug induced hepatitis (1, 0,01%). 2) The earliest elevation of transaminase was noted at 3 months in 9 hepatitis B infants (6, 66.7%) and 61 NANB hepatitis infants (57, 93.4%). The highest elevation of transaminase was noted at 3 months in 61 NANB hepatitis infants (41, 67. 2%) and seemed to be delayed in 9 hepatitis B infants due to the effect of vaccine. 3) Abnormal transaminase was normal within 6 months in 17 cases (60.7%) of 28 mothers with hepatitis B, and 14 cases (82.4%) of 17 mothers with NANB hepatitis. If we test and observe for )onger time the cases of chronic hepatitis with intermittent elevation of transaminase may increase more. Twenty-seven of 28 hepatitis B mothers were positive for HBsAg for more than 1 year. Duration of abnormal transaminase in hepatitis B infants was much different by the vaccination, but total number of cases was very small. Among 61 NANB hepatitis infants, continuous elevation of transaminase was noted in 5(62.5%) of 8 infants who had no imrnunoprophylaxis, 19(55.9%) of 34 infants who received HBIG & Hepavax, 5(26.3%) of 19 infants who received gamma-globulin. There was slight but not significant inhibition of persistence of abnormal transaminase in group of gamma-globulin injection (0.05<p<0.1). The mean level of maximal ALT was higher in hepatitis B (148.32+162.47 IU) than in NANB hepatitis mothers (76.53<53.14 IU). It was similar in infants of both hepatitis B & NANB, and lower in infants who received Hepavax, gamma-globulin but it was not statistically significant. 4) Among the factors which may influence the elevation of ALT in hepatitis infants the level of ALT in hepatitis mothers had no influence. The immunoprophylaxis with HBIG & hepavax for hepatitis B infants, gamma-globulin for NANB hepatitis seemed to inhibit the elevation of ALT in infants, but not signficantly. ALT was normal in 5 infants (23.8%) of 21 HBeAg positive hepatitis B mothers and in 6 infants (85.7%) of 7 HBeAg negative hepatitis B mothers. There was significant elevation of ALT in infants of HBeAg positive hepatitis B mothers (p<0.0001). The results suggest that the prevalence of NANB hepatitis was higher than hepatitis B in Korean pregnant women at the time of delivery. Duration of abnormal transaminase was similar in mothers with hepatitis B and NANB. The time of the earliest and highest elevation of ALT, the mean level of maximal elevation of ALT were similar in infants with hepatitis B and NANB. Duration of abnormal transaminase and maximal elevation of ALT seemed to be decreased by the immunoprophylaxis with HBIG and Hepavax for hepatitis B infants, gamma-globulin for NANB hepatitis infants, but there was a significant difference in hepatitis B infants whose mothers had HBeAg positivity.

B 형 간염 백신의 효과 - 산모의 HBeAg 양성 유무에 따라 -

김세종(Sei Jong Kim),윤종만(Chong Mann Yoon),최관수(Gwan Su Choi),김지운(Ji Woon Kim),정남기(nam Ki Joung),장영호(Yung Ho Chang),오은아(Eun A O),양인애(In Ae Yang),유영근(Young Geun Ryoo),이봉섭(Bong Seob Lee) 대한소화기학회 1988 대한소화기학회지 Vol.20 No.1

N/A The preventive efficacy for HBV infection and chronic HBV carrier rate by active and passive immunoprophylaxis was observed in 49 newborn infants whose mothers were healthy HBV carriers with normal ALT activity at delivery. All infants were divided into 3 groups; Group A received HBIG at birth and HB Vaccine (Hepavax- B) at month 0, 1 and 6. Group B received first or second vaccine only. Group C received no vaccine. ALT activity, HBsAg and anti-HBs were tested every 3 months for 18 rnonths after delivery, and the results were analyzed in 3 groups according to the mothers HBeAg positivity. 1) The anti-HBs response was57.1% (16/28) in Group A and 76.9% (10/13) in the control group whose mothers vere normal. The anti-HBs response was 64.3% (9.14) and 57.1% (8/14) according to the mothers HBeAg positivity and negativity. The anti-HBs response was 56.3% (9/16) in male and 66.7% (8/12) in female infants. The anti-HBs response svas higher in female infants and infants a hose mothers were normal or HBeAg positive carriers. 2) Chronic HBV carrier rate in infants of HBeAg positive mothers was 14.3% (2/l4) in Ciroup A, 72.7% (8/11 ) in Group 8, 100% (6/6) in Group c and was statistically significant (p=0.037) (c=0.816). There was no significant difference hetween group A, B, and C in infants of HBeAg negative mothers. 3) The positive rate of HBsAg showed significant difference between Groups A and B, A and C, A and (B+C), (A+B) and C in all 3 monthly follow-up tests in infants of HBeAg positive mothers. But there was no significant difference between (groups A, B, and C in infants of HBeAg negative mothers. The results suggest that the anti-HBs response was lower in infants of HBsAg carrier mothers. The preventive efficacy of vaccine for HBV infection and chronic HBV carrier rate was excellent in infants of HBeAg positive mothers but not significant in infants of HBeAg negative mothers by the active and passive immunoprophylaxis.

인형진단평가에 나타난 다문화아동의 자기인식, 가족관계, 또래관계의 상징체계 분석

양인애 ( Yang In-ae ),선우현 ( Sunwoo Hyun ) 한국놀이치료학회 2018 한국놀이치료학회지(놀이치료연구) Vol.21 No.2

본 연구는 인형진단평가에 나타난 다문화아동의 자기인식과 가족 및 또래관계의 상징체계 분석을 통해 다문화아동의 경험의 본질과 이와 관련된 상징적 의미를 살펴보고 이들에게 공통적으로 나타나는 현상을 파악하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 Creswell(2015)의 현상학적 연구 방법을 사용하여 자료를 분석하였으며, 연구자의 판단 또는 편견을 내려놓고 연구 참여자의 경험을 탐색하는 현상학적 연구방법을 적용하였다. 그 결과 다문화아동의 상징체계는 인식차원에서 강함과 약함, 독립과 의존의 4가지 영역과 관계차원에서 친밀, 소원, 갈등, 융합된 갈등 관계의 4가지 영역으로 나타났으며, 이에 따른 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구에 참여한 대부분의 다문화아동들은 자신이 과도하게 강한 존재가 되기를 소망하거나 반대로 자신을 의존적이며 돌봄이 필요한 약한 존재로 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 다문화아동들이 낮은 자존감을 갖고 있다는 것을 시사한다. 둘째, 이들은 생계유지로 바쁜 부모의 관심과 지지 부족으로 가정 내 정서적 방임 또는 문화적 차이로 인한 갈등을 경험하고 있어, 가족 구성원 간의 상호작용이 부정적임을 시사한다. 셋째, 이들의 대부분은 학교 및 지역사회에서 낮은 소속감, 따돌림 등의 부정적 경험으로 인해 또래관계에서 다양한 어려움을 겪고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 이들이 또래관계 내 상호작용이 부정적임을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of multi-cultural children and their relevant symbolic meanings through the symbol system of self-awareness, the family relationship and peer relationships. In addition, the study sort to help develop to understanding of the phenomena that commonly appears in these cases. This was done by means of figure diagnostic assessment. The self-awareness symbol system of the multi-cultural children in the figure diagnostic assessment was observed in the following four domains: Strength, weakness, independence, and dependence. The relationships(family & peer) symbol system of the multi-cultural children, which appeared in the figure diagnostic assessment, is analysed by the following four types of relationships: Intimate, distant, conflict, and blended conflict relationships.

영유아 교사의 의사소통능력 및 원장-교사와의 교환 관계가 이직의도에 미치는 영향에서 회복탄력성의 매개효과

양인애(Yang, In-ae),백영숙(Paik, Young-Suk) 한국열린유아교육학회 2017 열린유아교육연구 Vol.22 No.6

본 연구는 영유아 교사의 의사소통능력 및 원장-교사 교환관계가 이직의도에 미치는 영향에서 회복탄력성의 매개효과를 알아보기 위하여 수행하였으며, G시에서 유치원과 어린이집 교사를 대상으로 설문지를 배포하여 총 274부를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 첫째, 영유아교사의 의사소통능력과 이직의도, 영유아교사의 회복탄력성과 이직의도 간에 유의미한 부적 상관, 의사소통능력과 회복탄력성 간에는 유의미한 정적상관이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 의사소통능력이 이직의도에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 회복탄력성의 매개효과를 분석한 결과 회복탄력성은 이직의도에 대하여 의사소통능력을 부분매개하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 원장-교사 교환관계와 이직의도 그리고 회복탄력성과 이직의도 간에는 유의미한 부적 상관이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 원장-교사 교환관계와 회복탄력성이 이직의도에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 회복탄력성은 이직의도에 대하여 원장-교사 교환관계를 부분매개하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 영유아교사의 의사소통능력, 원장-교사 교환관계가 이직의도에 영향을 미칠 때 회복탄력성이 중요한 매개변인임을 시사한다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of early childhood teachers’ communication ability and the exchange relationship between the director and the teacher on the turnover intention through mediation of resilience in the process of affecting the turnover intention. The subjects of this study were 274 early childhood teachers working in kindergartens and day care centers located in G city, and the data were collected with questionnaire surveys. The analys is of data was conducted with SPSS18.0. The results of this study are summarized as following. First, the analysis of correlation among communication ability, turnover intention, and resilience showed that there was a significant negative correlation between early childhood teachers’ communication ability and turnover intention, then as for between early childhood teachers’ resilience and turnover intention, there was a significant positive correlation between early childhood teachers’ communication ability and resilience. As a result of analyzing the resilience mediating effects in the process of communication ability and resilience affecting on the turnover intention, it was found that resilience partially mediated the communication ability on turnover intention. Second, the analysis of correlation among director-teacher exchange, turnover intention, and resilience showed that there was a significant negative correlation between director-teacher exchange and turnover intention, whereas there was a significant positive correlation between director-teacher exchange and resilience between early childhood teachers’ resilience and turnover intention. As a result of analyzing the resilience mediating effects in the process of director-teacher exchange and resilience affecting on the turnover intention, it was found that resilience partially mediated the director-teacher exchange on turnover intention. This study suggests that resilience acts as an important mediator variable when early childhood teachers’ communication ability and director-teacher exchange relation have effects on turnover intention.

인형진단평가에 나타난 다문화아동의 타인인식 상징체계 분석

양인애(Yang, In Ae) 한국인형치료학회 2018 인형치료연구 Vol.4 No.1

본 연구는 수(數) 상징체계를 활용하여 인형진단평가에 나타난 다문화아동의 타인인식 상징체계를 분석하고, 이와 관련된 다문화아동의 경험의 본질과 상징적 의미를 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구자는 이론적 체계의 틀에서 벗어나 연구자의 판단 · 편견을 내려놓고 연구 참여자의 경험의 실제를 탐구하는 현상학적 연구방법을 적용하였으며, 이에 Creswell(2015)의 현상학적 연구방법을 사용하여 자료분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 수(數) 상징체계를 통해 확인된 다문화아동의 타인인식 상징체계는 수 1, 수 2, 수 3의 상징체계로 나타났다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 연구에 참여자인 43명의 학령기 다문화아동들은 인형진단평가를 통해 긍정적인 내용의 진술보다 부정적인 내용의 진술을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 다문화아동의 타인인식 상징체계가 부정적임을 시사한다 The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of multi-cultural children and their relevant symbolic meanings through the symbol system of awareness toward others. This study escaped from the framework of theoretical system, and laid down judgements and prejudices as a researcher, and applied phenomenological research method exploring reality of experience by study participants. In that sense, data analysis was conducted by using the phenomenological study method by Creswell(2015). As a result, awareness toward others symbol system by multi-cultural children identified based on number symbol system emerged as the symbol system of numbers 1, 2 and 3. Forty Three school age multi-cultural children, the participants of this study, were found to state negative contents rather than positive contents through figure diagnostic assessment by using number symbol system. This implies that awareness toward others symbol system of multi-cultural children is negative.