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Systemic Review for Efficacy of Human Papillomavirus Vaccines
Park, Ho-Sun 대한미생물학회 2011 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.41 No.4
인유두종바이러스(human papilloma virus: HPV)에 대한 두 가지 백신이 현재 약 100여 개국에서 허가를 받아 HPV 관련 질환의 예방 목적으로 사용되고 있다. HPV 백신으로 예방하고자 하는 주된 질환인 자궁경부암은 HPV가 감염되고 수십 년 후에 발생하므로 백신의 효과를 단기간에 측정할 수 없다. 따라서 아직까지 이 백신들이 얼마나 오랜 기간 동안 HPV 감염 및 관련 질환을 방어할 수 있는지, 추가 접종이 필요한지 등에 대한 정보가 없는 상태에서 예방 접종에 대한 가이드라인이 제시되었다. Medeiros 등은 HPV 백신에 대한 무작위 대조 임상 시험(randomized controlled clinical trials: RCT) 결과들을 systemic review하여 백신의 효과와 안전성, 면역원성에 대한 메타분석을 실시하였고, Romanowsky는 최근까지 실시된 HPV 백신의 장기 임상시험 결과들에 대한 systemic review를 실시하여 2가 백신인 서바릭스는 8.4년, 4가 백신인 가다실은 5년까지의 면역원성과 HPV 감염, 자궁경부 병변에 대한 백신 효과를 확인하였다. 지금까지 발표된 결과들을 살펴보면 백신 접종 전 피험자의 HPV 감염 유무나 연령, 백신 접종 횟수, 백신 효과 측정을 위한 종말점(end point), 추적 기간 등이 매우 다양하므로 메타분석을 위한 연구의 수가 한정되고 특히 장기적인 효과를 보기에는 아직까지 자료가 부족한 실정이다. 그러므로 HPV 백신의 효과를 파악하기 위해서는 장기간에 걸친 면역원성과 임상 결과를 모니터할 수 있는 시스템이 갖추어져야 하며, 백신 제조사에게 장기간에 걸친 추적연구를 하도록 요구하여야 한다고 제시하였다. Two human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines ($Gardasil^{(R)}$ and $Cevarix^{TM}$) were launched between 2006~2007. Clinical trials have been performed in several countries. However, it takes few decades to measure HPV vaccine efficacy for the protection of cervical cancer. Therefore, several surrogate markers such as seroconversion rate, presence of HPV DNA, and cytological/histological abnormalities have been evaluated. Until now, long-term follow-up data for 5 years (Gardasil) and for 8.4 years (Cevarix) were available from international trials. However, only seroconversion rate at 4 weeks after vaccination and safety were evaluated in Korea. It is necessary to establish a reference laboratory and long-term follow-up monitoring system for the proper evaluation of HPV vaccines in Korea.
MS-2 system을 이용한 황색포도구균에 대한 moxalactam과 fosfomycin의 병용효과 측정
박찬석,안태휴,Park, Chan-Sok,Ahn, Tai-Hew 대한미생물학회 1986 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.21 No.3
Twenty strains of penicillin(PC)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ($MIC{\geqq}32U/ml$) were chosen randomly from recent isolates and submitted to the present experiment to see what effect the combined antibiotic action of moxalactam(MX) and fosfomycin(FM) would bring about on the cells, using MS-2 system. 1. The conventional agar dilution method and the rapid automatic MS-2 system were used in measuring the MICs of MX and FM against each strain and the comparison of the data obtained revealed no significant difference between the two methods in the titer and distribution of the MICs. 2. The automatic MS-2 system was, therefore, used alone in determining the combined growth inhibitory effect of MX and FM because of its more rapidness, and the obtained results were that most of the PC-resistant strains(16 out of 20, 80%) were synergistically inhibited by the two antibiotic combination while additive effect was observed in the remaining 4 strains(20%). 3. Thus, it is suggested that the growth of PC-resistant staphylococcal cells may be synergistically inhibited by MX and FM combination and the efficiency of two antibiotic action as well as MIC of single antibiotic may be more rapidly determined by the MS-2 system than by the conventional method.
서인수 대한미생물학회 1988 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.23 No.1
In an effort to establish the role of new1y recognized as well as established agents of $lt;liarr- hca in Korean infants and children, 209 diarrheal children admitted to Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, were evaluated during the course of 12 months. Stools were examined for Aeromonas hydrophila(Ah), Campylobacter jejuni(Cj), C.tostridium difficile(Cd), classic enteropathogenic E. cali(EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli(ETEC) and other enterotoxigenic gram-negative bacteria(GNB), enteroadherent E. coli(EAEC) and other Hep-2-adherent GNB, Salmonella, Shigella, and rotavirus(RV). One or more pathogens were identified in 70.3% of the children with diarrhea. RV was the most common pathogen, accounting for 51.2% of thecase, followed by ETEC(23.9%}, Cd(16.3%), EAEC(16.3%), EPEC(8.1%), heat-stable toxin-producing (ST') Klebsiella pneumoniae(1.9%), Hep-2-adherent K. pneumoniae(1.4%), ST^+ r1cinetobacter calcoaceticus var, anitratus(0.5%), Cj(G.5%), and Salmonella spp.(0.5%). Ah was never isolated. Multiple pathogens were commonly encountered, especially in those cases with either RV or ETEC infection. Forty-six(44.7%) of the 103 RV infections were associated with other potential pathogens. Of the 47 symptomatic cases infected with ETEC, 26(57.8%) were isolated with other pathogens.