수학자 이상설이 소개한 근대자연과학: <식물학(植物學)>

박영민 ( Young Min Park ),김채식 ( Chae Sik Kim ),이상구 ( Sang Gu Lee ),이재화 ( Jae Hwa Lee ) 한국수학교육학회 2011 수학교육논문집 Vol.25 No.2

본 원고는 2004년 과학사학자 박성래 교수가 독립 운동가이자 한국 근대 수학교육의 아버지로 부르기 시작한 보재 이상설(李相卨, 1870-1917)이 자연과학에 기여한 내용을 다루고 있다. 한국수학사학회지 2009년 11월 호에 자세히 소개된 〈數理〉를 쓴 시기를 전후하여, 같은 시기에 이상설이 붓으로 쓴 것으로 여겨지는 〈植物學>(이상설, 1899)은 총 4면의 초록 필사본이며, 그 대본(臺本)은 〈植物學啓蒙〉 (Edkins, 1886)으로 영국의 Joseph Edkins(艾約瑟, 1823-1905)가 번역하여 1886년에 간행한 〈西學啓蒙〉 16종 가운데 하나이다. 이상설의 〈植物學>은 이 〈植物學啓蒙〉을 읽으면서 그 책의 내용 중 당시의 조 선 학자가 모르고 있던 새로운 내용을 중심으로 메모를 한 것으로 여겨진다. 본 연구에서는 전통산학과 근대서양수학을 연결하는 〈數理〉를 저술했으며. 우리나라의 정규 교과과정에 수학과 과학을 필수과목으로 지정하고, 첫 번째 수학교과서 〈산術新書〉를 발간함으로 당대 최고의 수학자로 평가된 이상설이 쓴 〈植物學〉을 발굴하여 그 내용과 의미를 최초로 분석한다, 이를 통하여 당시 조선의 서양 과학, 특히 식물학에 대한 이해 수준을 분석하고 〈植物學〉의 원전인 〈植物學啓蒙〉 과 <西學啓蒙〉의 저자에 대하여 알아본다. 이는 당시 수학교육자가 자연과학분야에 행한 교육적 기여를 이해 하는데 필수적인 연구이다. This paper deals with contents that Sang-Seol Lee contributed to the natural science in the 19th century Korea. Prof. Sung-Rae Park, the science historian, called Sang-Seol Lee Father of the Modern Mathematics education of Korea. Sang-Seol Lee wrote a manuscript Botany with a brush in late 19th century. Botany was transcribed from Science Primers: Botany (written by J. D. Hooker), which is translated into Chinese by Joseph Edkins in 1886. The existence of Sang-Seol Lee`s book Botany was not known to Korean scientists before. In this paper, we study the contents of Botany and its original text. Also we analyze people`s level of understanding Western sciences, especially botany at that time. In addition, we study authors of 16 Primers for Western Knowledge. We study the contribution of mathematician Sang-Seol Lee to science education in the 19th century Korea.

농장 사육되는 타조에서 나타난 다리 기형의 증례 보고

최종윤,손화영,전무형,조성환,김혜성,류시윤,박배근,이영원,윤원기 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2001 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.9 No.-

Two farmed young ostrich chicks were applied to pathology laboratory at Chungnam National University. Grossly, one ostrich showed rotated tibiotarsus, the other showed rolled toes. Case 1 ostrich was hypertrophy of fibualis longus and tibial cranialis tendon and gastrocnemius tendon in crus, inflammation of flexor digitorum longus. In histopathological views, myocytes of fiburalis longus were showed hypertrophy and hyperplasia. It is not found any specific feature in X-ray of the case 2 ostrich. Limb deformities were detected frequently in farmed ostrich chicks in 2- to 3 weeks old. Limb deformities were an important cause of mortality in farmed ostrich chicks during the first 10weeks after hatch. Cause of limb deformities were considered a nutrition problem.

고령자 남녀와 20대 남녀에 있어서 다양한 등속수축중 최대 모멘트의 비교

金智源(Ji-Won Kim),金相佑(Sang-Woo Kim),文基旭(Ki-Wook Moon),嚴光文(Gwang-Moon Eom),李泳揆(Young-Gyu Lee),南貞淑(Jung-Sook Nam),朴寬龍(Kwan-Yong Park),金耀翰(Yo-Han Kim),洪廷和(Jeong-Hwa Hong),朴炳奎(Bung-Kyu Park) 대한전기학회 2008 전기학회논문지 Vol.57 No.10

In this paper, we investigated the maximum ankle joint plantarflexion moment (MPM) of young and elderly subjects during various modes of isokinetic contractions with special interest in the elderly females who were reported to have higher fall rate than the elderly males. Subjects include the young subjects (14 males: 22.7±2.5yrs, 13 females: 20.5±1.3yrs) and the elderly subjects (17 males: 65.8±10.5yrs, 26 females: 71.4±5.2yrs). The MPM was normalized by each subject's body weight. The MPM of elderly females was the weakest among the groups, particularly, at the eccentric contractions. The male-to-female ratio of MPM was greater in the elderly than in the young and the young-to-elderly ratio of MPM was greater in female than in male, both during the eccentric contractions. The result suggests that the decreased muscle force per body weight, especially at the eccentric contraction, may be one reason for the more frequent fall of the elderly female than the elderly male.

간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

박영진가 개성부기 장부의 분석과 특징: 제1기 거래를 중심으로

정기숙 ( Key-sook Jung ),노병탁 ( Byung T. Ro ),김영화 ( Young-hwa Kim ),임상종 ( Sang-jong Lim ) 한국회계학회 2023 회계저널 Vol.32 No.3

박영진가의 개성부기 장부는 24년 8개월간(1887. 8.15. ~1912. 4.15.)의 상거래 활동을 기록한 회계장부이며 일기장, 장책, 주회계 및 각인회계장부 등이 현존하고 있다. 이 장부는 박영진의 4대조부터 개성에서 사업을 경영한 개성상인의 장부라는 것이 확인되었다. 일기장의 기입원리는 복식부기의 기본원리인 거래의 이중성과 대차평균원리를 따르고 있다. 상거래 분개는 현금 중심으로 기입되어 있고, 분개 방식은 현대의 은행부기의 기입 방법과 유사하며, 일기장은 현금출납장의 기능을 가지고 있다. 자산과 비용의 증가는 입(入)을, 감소는 거(去)를 사용하고, 부채 및 자본과 수익의 증가도 입(入), 감소는 거(去)를 사용한다. 현대 복식부기에 비해 미흡한 점은 이자수익에 대한 회계처리이다. 대여시점에 이자수익을 미리 계산하지만 일기장에 기입하지 않고 장책에 미수이자, 즉 채권으로 기입하고 있다. 따라서 장책에 의해 시산을 하면 대차평균원리가 지켜지지 않는다. 이자수익에 대한 용어와 인식시점도 도중(또는 차인)과 여타 거래처와 다르다. 도중의 경우는 대거라는 용어를 사용하고, 여타 거래처는 채급이라는 용어를 사용한다. 미수이자에 대한 기입도 대거의 경우는 결산 시에 기입하고, 채급의 경우는 대여와 동시에 기입한다. 박영진가의 결산 시기는 매년 9월 15일이며 결산 시에 장부마감 절차를 취하지 않고 계속 기입하고 있다. 1916년에 발간된 현병주의 개성부기 책에 있는 예시에서는 결산기에 장부마감 절차가 있고, 장책의 경우 새 장부를 사용하지 않고 계속 기록할 때는 권점(○)을 표시하여 구분을 하고 있다는 점에서 차이가 있다. 그리고 질(계정)간에 대체거래가 있는 경우 일기장을 거치지 않고 장책에서만 이록과 이래라는 용어를 사용하여 이체된 기록임을 나타낸다. 요약하면 이자수익에 대한 회계처리와 결산마감 절차가 지켜지지 않는 것이 박영진가 장부의 단점이라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 박영진가의 개성부기장부는 앞에서 지적한 미비점을 제외하고는 개성부기, 즉 복식부기의 원리에 따라 정리되어 있다. It is well known that the ancestry of Park Young-jin's family was one of the Kaeseong merchants in the area of Goryeo (AD 918-1392) and the descendants of the family still keep an almost complete set of the original books of Kaeseong bookkeeping. Collectively, these books cover a vast volume of records on the business transactions of the family over a period of 24 years and eight months(AD 1887. 8.15. ~ 1912. 4.15.). They consist of Ilgee Jang, Jangchaek, Ju Hoegye, and Kagin Hoegye, among others. All these books are the genuine and original books of Kaeseong bookkeeping. The records in Ilgee Jang are prepared according to the double entry principle or, more generally, the duality of business transactions and the balancing feature of debits and credits. The journal entries are made largely in line with the cash basis of accounting and the principles of bank accounting today. As such, Ilgee Jang is more like a ledger for cash transactions. The increase (decrease) in assets and expenses is recorded and indicated by the letter 去(入). And the increase (decrease) in liabilities, equity, and revenues is recorded and indicated by the letter 入(去). One thing of particular interest, which may be a potential limitation of the Park family books, is that the entry to record interest revenue on loans is not made clear. That is, the interest revenue on loans is computed in advance as the loan is made yet the record thereof is not found in Ilgee Jang but found in Jangchaek later. Because of this, a period-end general trial balance, if prepared, does balance the debits and credits. Another ambiguity is that the entry of interest revenue is not made consistently between Dojung (or Chain) versus other business customers. In the case of the Dojung Hoegye, for example, the term Chaegeup is used to indicate the interest revenue on loans, while another term Daegeo is used in other cases. And In the case of Chaegeup, the entry of the interest revenue is recorded at the time when the loan is made. In the case of Daegeo, however, the interest revenue is recorded when the loan is paid off at the end of the accounting period. The accounting period of the Park Young-jin family business typically ends September 15 each year. However, the books are not closed at each period-end but still left open for the next period. This is somewhat confusing or contrasting to the book (1916) of Hyeon Byeoing-ju on Kaeseong bookkeeping. In his book, Hyeon shows how to close the books at year-end. For example, he shows that the Janchaek of each year is closed and a new Jangchaek is used for the next year. In cases where the same Jangchaek continues to be used in the next period, the individual accounts are marked with the symbol O called Kwonjeom. And if there is any transfer transaction between individual accounts, it is recorded only in Jangchaek, indicated by the word Eerok or Eerae. In summary, the recording of interest revenue on loans in books and the lack of the year-end closing procedures for books in general are the most notable limitation of the Park family books. Other than this, the Park family books are the most complete set of accounting books on Kaeseong bookkeeping in existence, prepared largely according to the double entry principle we use today.

배양상태의 흰쥐 뇌하수체 앞엽에서 Neuropeptide Y 함유세포에 관한 면역조직화학적연구

이화영,김순회,이희래,어환,이왕재,백상호,이병란 대한해부학회 1996 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.29 No.3

임신기간중 흰쥐 자궁내막의 Lectin 결합특성에 대한 조직화학적 연구

백상호,김복린,손현준,유영복,이경훈,이화영,이영기,박경한,조사선 대한해부학회 1995 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.28 No.5

시하호 미세-점착성 퇴적물의 침강 특성에 관한 연구

이영재,이상화 東亞大學校 建設技術硏究所 2004 硏究論文集 Vol.27 No.2

A series of settling tests and physico-chemical property tests on Sihwa lake fine-cohesive sediment has been conducted in order to investigate the correlation between settling properties and their physico-chemical properties which are represented as grain size distribution. mineralogical composition. and percentage of org anic contents. Experimental results of physico-chemical property tests show that Sihwa sediment are relatively large in average grain size, and contain very small organic materials( 6 %), and are dominantly composed of Quarts in mineralogical aspect which has relatively low cohesion. Thus, Sihwa lake sediment might be specified as the sediments whose settling properties are more influenced by the gravity than the cohesion. This characteristics of Sihwa lake sediment are found to lead to relatively small settling velocity in flocculated settling region in which increasing cohesion results in increasing settling velocity. which relatively large settling velocity in hindered settling region in which settling velocity decreases with increasing cohesion.

레이저 코골이수술 후의 음성변화

손영익,정유석,윤영선,홍성화 대한이비인후과학회 1998 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.41 No.3