http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
조현숙,김윤희,손수창,김혜자,최세진 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1
To evaluate the specificity and the historical trends of the anesthetic agents and anesthetic methods used in Chungnam national university hospital, anesthetic experiences of 53,291 in total performed at Chungnam national university hospital from January 1987 to December 1996 were analized statistically and clinically according to age, sex, surgical department, physical status, elective to emergency surgery, premedicants, induction agents, anesthetic methods, main anesthetic agent, anesthetic technique and muscle relaxants. The results were as follows : L The number of cases has been steadily increased in annually. 2. The distribution of the number of patients according to the age were cases 37,309(70.02%) in the group of 13-60 years. 3. There were 27,448 male (51.5%) and 25,843 female (48.5%) cases. 4. 9,208 cases (17.27%) were OB-GY, 9,162 cases (17.19%) in general surgery, 7,936 cases(14.89%) in orthopedic surgery, and 6,079 cases (11.4%) in ENT in order of numbers. 5. According to the ASA classification of physical status , most of the cases were belonged to the class 1 (38.69%) class 2 (40.33%) class 1E (5.52%) class 2E (5.71%). Almost cases were relatively in good physical status. 6. The number of elective to emergency was 7,833 (89.76%), to 5,458 (10.24%) cases. 7. As premedicants, a group of glycopyrrolate (35.20%) was given most frequently. 8. Thiopental sodium has been mainly used for intravenous induction agent. 9. General anesthesia has been used as main method of anesthesia. 10. Enflurane was the most commonly used anesthetic agent. 11. Vecuronium was the most commonly used non-depolarizing muscle relaxant.
간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구
서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1
As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions
QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF PERMEABILITY IN THE ADHESIVE INTERFACE OF FOUR ADHESIVE SYSTEMS
장주혜,이기욱,김혜영,이인복,조병훈,손호현 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.1
본 연구는 현재 시판 되고 있는 여러 개의 상아질 접착제를 임상 술식에서와 같은 방법으로 사용한 다음 열순환 후 접착계면의 변화를 관찰 비교하고자 했다. 발거 한 지 한 달 이내인 대구치 28개의 교합 면 상아질 표면에 4종의 상아질 접착제 (OptiBond FL [OP], AdheSE [AD], Clearfil SE Bond [CL], Xeno Ⅲ [KE] 중 하나를 적용한 뒤 복합 레진 (Premisa, Kerr)을 1mm두께로 올린 후 광중합 하였다. 4℃ 증류수에서 6일간 보관한 뒤 치아의 정중선으로부터 수직으로 절단하여 그 중 절반의 치아에서 2mm 두께의 시편을 얻은 다음 남은 반쪽의 치아는 10.000회의 열순환을 가한 뒤 (5˚-55˚, 침지 시간 25초 대기 시간 5초) 같은 방법으로 2 mm 두께의 시편을 얻었다. 연마한 시편을 24시간 동안 50% ammoniacal silver nitrate solution에 담근 다응 photo-developing solution에서 8시간 동안 환원시켰다. 계면을 가로지르는 5개의 line 상에서 wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS) detector를 이용하여 주사선상에 있는 원소들의 중량비를 계산하였다 또한 열순환 전과 후의 시편에서 얻어진 5개의 silver 측정치를 서로 비교하였다. 열순환 전의 접착제층(adhesive layer)에서는 OP에서 가장 적은 silver의 투과가 관찰되었으며 (P<0.0001), CL. AD, XE 순으로 투과 량이 중가함을 보였다. 혼성층 (Hybrid layer) 에서는 CL의 투과량이 가장 적었다 (p=0.0039) 열순환 후에 접착제층과 혼성층에서 silver의 투과량은 증가하지는 않았다. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) 사진을 통하여 각 시편의 접착 계면에서 접착제에 따른 특이적인 silver의 투과상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 전반적으로 OP와 CL의 접착계면이 열순환 과정 중에도 온전히 유지됨을 볼 수 있었다. 접착 계면에서의 수분 투과 양상은 각 접착제예 따라 다른 형태를 보였으며 열 순환에 의해 유의할 만한 변화를 야기하지는 않았다. The purpose of this study was to perform quantitative comparisons of water permeable zones in both the adhesive and the hybrid layer before and after thermocycling in order to assess the integrity of the bonding interface. Twenty eight flat dentin surfaces were bonded with a light-cured composite resin using one of four commercial adhesives [OptiBond FL (OP), AdheSE (AD), Clearfil SE Bond (CL), and Xeno Ⅲ (XE)]. These were sectioned into halves and subsequently cut to yield 2-mm thick specimens: one specimen for control and the other subjected to thermocycling for 10,000 cycles. After specimens were immersed in ammoniacal silver nitrate for 24 h and exposed to a photo developing solution for 8 h. the bonded interface was analyzed by scanning election microscopy (SEM) and wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS) at five locations per specimen Immediately after bonding thc adhesive layer of OP showed the lowest silver uptake followed by CL, AD, and XE in ascending order (p< 0.0001) the hybrid layer of CL had the lowest silver content among the groups (p=0.0039) After thermocycling none of the adhesives manifested a significant increase of silver in either the adhesive or the hybrid layer. SEM demonstrated the characteristic silver penetrated patterns within the interface. It was observed that integrity of bonding was well maintained in OP and CL throughout the thermocycling process. Adhesive-tooth interfaces are vulnrable to hydrolytic degradation and its permeability varies in different adhesive systems, which may be clinically related to the restoration longevity.
서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)
김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1
In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.
자궁경부에 발생한 T/Natural killer cell 림프종
손가현 ( Ga Hyun Son ),전순례 ( Soon Rye Jeon ),조예성 ( Ye Sung Cho ),정현주 ( Hyun Joo Jung ),조혜진 ( Hye Jin Cho ),조희영 ( Hee Young Cho ),기정혜 ( Jeong Hae Kie ),최은경 ( Eun Kyoung Choi ) 대한산부인과학회 2006 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.49 No.12
Non-Hodgkin`s lymphoma presented as a malignancy of the uterine cervix is exceedingly rare disease and accounts for approximately only 0.12-0.6% of extranodal lymphomas. Most reported cases were B-cell lymphomas and there is no consensus on the management and prognosis of the disease because of its extreme rarity. Primary T/natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoma arising from the uterine cervix is scarcely encountered that, in the review of literature, only 1 case has been reported by Mhawech et al. We encountered a woman with T/NK-cell lymphoma involving the uterine cervix that initially presented with severe vaginal bleeding. Therefore, we report the case with a brief review of literature.
Cho, Kyoungil,Lee, Sang Moon,Kim, Hae Jin,Ko, Yoon-Joo,Son, Seung Uk The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Chemical communications Vol.55 No.26
<P>This work introduces new nanocatalytic systems based on microporous organic network (MON) chemistry for fructose conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The efficiency of the catalytic systems could be improved through the size-controlled synthesis of MON materials. Through a predesigned building block approach and a post-synthetic modification, aliphatic sulfonic acid groups were incorporated into nano-sized MON materials to form N-MON-AS. The N-MON-AS showed selective conversion of fructose to HMF in up to 91% yield at 100 °C and good recyclability.</P>
Cho, Kyoungil,Lee, Sang Moon,Kim, Hae Jin,Ko, Yoon-Joo,Son, Seung Uk The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for e Vol.6 No.32
<P>A one building block approach was studied for preparation of defect-enhanced and terminal alkyne-rich hollow conjugated microporous polymers (H-TA-CMPs). The enriched terminal alkynes were utilized in post-synthetic modification of H-TA-CMPs with aliphatic sulfonic acids (H-TA-CMP-ASO3H). The obtained H-TA-CMP-ASO3H showed excellent reactivity and recyclability in biomass conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, compared with CMPs with aromatic sulfonic acids (H-control-SO3H).</P>
Integration of a Passive-Type UHF RFID Tag Using Ferroelectric Memory Technology
Hae-Chan Park,Suk-Kyoung Hong,Ae-Kyoung Lee,Baek-Hee Lee,Hee-Bok Kang,Heon-Yong Chang,Ji-Hye Choi,Nam-Kyun Park,Sanghyun Park,Sung Joo Hong,Sung-Sil Cho,Sung-Yeon Hwang,Yoon-Jung Kim,Young-Jin Son 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.51 No.2I
We investigated a passive-type rewritable radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag operating at the UHF (860 . 960 MHz) band and using ferroelectric memory (FeRAM) technology. The transponder integrated circuit(IC) for the UHF RFID tag was implemented with 0.25-μm one-poly four-metal standard logic CMOS technology with the addition of a FeRAM and Schottky diodes. The Pb(Zr,Ti)O3(PZT) capacitor array with a unit area of 1.4 × 1.4 μm2 for the FeRAM-embedded RFID tag showed a remnant polarization of 30 μC/cm2 and a leakage current of 1 × 10.5 A/cm2 at 3 V after full process integration. The novel ferroelectric technology utilizing a stacked capacitor structure and a high capacitance PZT capacitor allowed a highly competitive transponder chip size (550 × 550 μm2) by reducing the area of the analogue circuit without adding any complexity to the process integration. The PZT capacitor-based analogue circuitry showed almost the same performance as that of conventional capacitor type circuitry. Thus, the ferroelectric memory technology is very promising for the realization of a cost-effective, passive-type, rewritable UHF RFID tag.