기지(基地)의 ‘평화’와 전장의 글쓰기 ― 장혁주의 한국전쟁 관련 텍스트(1951~1954)를 중심으로

張世眞 ( Chang Sei-jin ) 성균관대학교 대동문화연구원 2019 大東文化硏究 Vol.107 No.-

이 글은 일본어로 쓰여진 장혁주의 한국전쟁 관련 텍스트들, 특히 『아, 조선』(1952)과 『무궁화』(1954)를 당대 한국과 일본 양국의 역사적 맥락 속에서 교차하며 읽어내려는 시도이다. 전쟁이 벌어진 바로 그 실시간대에 장혁주가 한국과 일본을 두 차례 오가며 쓴, 당시로선 매우 예외적인 한일 간 越境의 산물이라는 점에서 이 텍스트들은 특히 주목할 만하다. 이 글에서는 장혁주의 한국전쟁 텍스트들이 견지하는 거의 일관된 특징으로, ‘중립’의 감각을 제시했다. 우선 한국(어)의 맥락에서 볼 때, 중립이란 남한이나 북한 어느 편에도 서지 않는 보기 드문 ‘객관적인’ 입장에 해당된다. 『아, 조선』에서 중립의 입장은 북한 뿐 아니라 남한 이승만 정권의 무능과 부패한 실상을 직설적으로 비판하는 방식으로 나타나며, 『무궁화』의 경우 남과 북의 대립을 지양했던 해방기 이래 ‘중간파’ 정치인 집안의 몰락을 애도하는 방식으로 드러났다. 이 모든 재현은 한국 정부의 검열에서 자유로운, 일본어 글쓰기와 일본 매체 출판이라는 조건으로 인해 가능한 성취였다. 그러나 일본(어)의 맥락에서 보자면 장혁주 텍스트의 ‘중립’이란 실은 전혀 다른 지평에서 유래한 것이라는 점이 간과되어서는 안된다. 이 글에서는 장혁주 텍스트에서 드러나는 중립의 태도가 조선의 전쟁에 결코 휘말리지 않겠다는 당시 일본 사회의 주류적인 평화 담론의 맥락 속에서 독해되어야 한다고 파악하였다. 물론, 일본 사회의 평화론은 평화헌법을 수호하려는 의지를 보였다는 점에서, 분명 부정할 수 없는 의의를 가지고 있기는 하다. 그러나 평화국가라는 일본의 자기 표상이란, 사실상 ‘기지국가’로서 대규모 인원을 한국전쟁에 참전시킨 현실을 누락시킬 때 비로소 성립될 수 있었다는 점에서 문제적일 수밖에 없다. 장혁주의 텍스트는 한국의 전장을 직접 목격한 후에 쓰여졌지만, 당시 일본의 전쟁 연루 양상은 말끔히 삭제되어 있다. 결과적으로, 장혁주의 한국전쟁 텍스트들은 ‘강 건너 불’이라는 대중적인 인식 차원의 朝鮮戰爭, 즉 ‘朝鮮=戰場’, ‘日本=平和’라는, 일본 사회의 주류적인 담론 분할을 깊숙이 내면화하거나 혹은 이러한 인식을 보다 심화시킨 경우에 해당된다. This article aims to read Chang Hyeuk-Ju's texts on Korean War, especially Alas Chosun(1952) and Mugunghwa(1954) by cross-checking on the historical context of Korean and Japanese society at that time. Chang Heuk-Ju wrote these texts after making two round trips in real time when Korean War broke out, which was very exceptional and make these texts noteworthy. This paper presents the sense of neutrality as consistent feature of Chang Heuk-Ju's texts on Korean War. In the context of Korea(n), the Neutrality means 'objective' and rare stance taking neither side in the warfare of North and South Korea. This neutral position of Alas Chosun made it possible to criticize not only North Korea but also the incompetence and ward-heeling politics of Rhee Syngman government in a fare and square way. In case of Mugungwha, the neutral position reveals itself in a way that mourns a downfall of Kim(moderate party's politician)'s family which had been rich and influential for generations. All these representations were possible under the condition of Japanese writing and Japanese media which were free from the censorship of Korean government. However, it should not be overlooked that the neutrality of Chang Heuk-Ju's texts was originated from totally different horizon in considering Japanese context at that time. This paper proposes that the neutral attitude of Chang HeuK-Ju's text must be read in the context of mainstream peace discourse in Japan those days. Peace discourse cannot be underestimated considering that it showed the will to preserve Article 9 of the Constitution. The self representation of Japan, however, was problematic because it was not established before Japan omitted the reality of participating in Korean War in a large scale as a military base state. In Chang's texts, the aspects of involving in Korean War were clearly erased, though they were written after Chang witnessed the Korean battle field reality. The bottom line is that Chang's texts internalized the popular view that Korean War was a totally another's affair then. Or It can be said that his texts intensified this kind of general opinion.

Are there delicate occupations about suicide according to socioeconomic change?

Jin Ha Yoon(윤진하),Sang Baek Koh,Sung Soo OH,Jun Ho Park,Kyoung Tae Cha,Sei Jin Chang,Ki Hyun Lee,Bong Suk Cha 대한직업환경의학회 2009 대한직업환경의학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.43 No.-

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

특집논문 : 귀화의 에스닉 정치와 알리바이로서의 미국 -"해방" 이후 장혁주의 선택과 「아, 조선(嗚呼朝鮮)」(1952)-

장세진 ( Sei Jin Chang ) 한국문학연구학회 2011 현대문학의 연구 Vol.0 No.45

이 글은 『아, 조선』(1952)을 비롯하여 ``해방`` 이후 조선 및 재일조선인 에 관해 쓰인 장혁주의 몇몇 일본어 텍스트를 냉전 아시아라는 확장된 관 점에서 살펴보았다. 이제까지 ``해방`` 이후 장혁주의 일본어 창작이나 일본 귀화의 문제는 ``조선/한국적의 포기와 ``일본`` 적의 획득이라는 내셔널한 이항 대립 속에서 조명되어왔다. 그러나 구 식민지들인들의 전후 처리 문 제가 놓여 있던 역사적 맥락을 이해하기 위해서는 미국으로 대표되는 점 령당국이라는 제3항이 반드시 고려되어야 한다. 왜냐하면 점령기 일본의 통치 권력은 실제로 연합국 최고 사령관과 일본 정부의 파워엘리트들이 결합함으로써 미일합작구조를 이루었고, 이 복수의 권력은 서로 책임을 전가하는 구조적 모호성을 태생적으로 수반했기 때문이었다. 일본 측에 서 보자면, 전후 최대 규모의 ``소수민족``이 된 재일조선인 사회는 당시상 징천황제를 중심으로 재편 중인 일본 국민의 경계 바깥으로 설정된 집단 이었다. 한편, 점령당국 측에서 보자면 재일조선인 사회는 레드퍼지(red purge)와 안정적인 반공 무드의 확산이라는 측면에서 엄격히 통제되어야 할 집단이기도 했다. 미일의 이해관계가 만나 성립된 대 마이너리티 정책 의 목표는 과거 제국의 혼종적인 인적 구성이 남긴 흔적들을 지우고 천황휘하의 동질적인(homogeneous) 단일 민족 신화를 재편하는 것이었다. 이 시기 장혁주의 재일조선인 관련 텍스트들은 점령당국을 내포 독자로 설 정하면서 재일조선인 사회 일반과 스스로를 분리시키는 전략을 취하고 있었다. 물론 이로써 장혁주와 재일조선인 사회와의 불화와 갈등의 골은 걷잡을 수 없이 깊어 갔지만, 적어도 그는 우경화하는 점령당국에 대해 재 일조선인 일반과 구별되는 자신의 발화 위치의 안정성(security)과 신용을 확보할 수는 있었다. 재일조선인들에 대한 혹독한 평가와는 달리 그는 『아, 조선』을 통해 한국전쟁 중인 한반도의 조선인들을 향해 깊은 연민을 보낸다. 이 확연한 온도 차이는 대타자인 점령 당국의 시선으로부터 자유 로와지는 공간 전이가 일어났기 때문이기도 했고, 보다더 실제적으로는 1952년까지 국외 이동시에는 보장되었던 일본 국적으로 입국할 수 있던 덕분이기도 했다. 결국 당시의 남북한 국민국가 체제 경쟁에 대한 의미있는 성찰과 비판조차도 ``국민``의 신분을 획득하고 나서야 비로소 가능했던 정황을 확인할 수 있다. 그가 일본 국민의 신분으로 적정 거리를 두고 취재한 한국전쟁은 많은 조선인들이 난민으로 전락하는 비참한 현장이었 다. 이 난민화하고 있는 조선인들의 현실을 수용소와 고아의 메타포를 통 해 형상화한 것이 바로 그의 장편 『아, 조선』(1952)이었다. 작품 속에서 주 인공 성일은 끊임없이 남이냐 북이냐의 선택의 기로에 놓이지만, 난민/국 민의 경계에서 자연인 장혁주가 결국 선택한 것은 샌프란시스코 발화 조 약 이후 귀화 이외의 에스닉 정치를 인정하지 않은 일본으로의 귀화였다. In this article, I discussed Chang Hyuk-ju`s Japanese novel Alas! Chosun (嗚呼朝鮮, 1952) and other his texts about Chosun and Jainichi(在日朝鮮人) which were written shortly after the "liberation". I replaced these texts and his naturalization in the context of Cold War Asia which should include the U.S as its major part. included the U.S. So far, The issue of his Japanese writing and naturalization to Japan have been mainly dealt within the Korean-Japanese national frame, which emphasizes his renouncement of Korean nationality and his acquirement of Japanese one. To understand, however, his Japanese texts and naturalization in terms of the minority policy in post war Japan, GHQ(General Head Quaters) should be considered as the third agent. At the same time, it must be added that U.S.A represented the GHQ practically. During the occupation, the sovereign power of Japan were collaborated one, being consisted of SCAP(Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers) and power elites of prewar Japan which was called "SCAPanese". This two headed power accompanied structural ambiguity, because it was possible to shift the responsibility on to each other under the system. From the Japan`s point, Jainichi, the biggest minority in post war should be carefully excluded from the nation. Post Japan should be reorganized under the symbolic emperor (象徵天皇) system. On the other side, GHQ regarded Jainichi as politically dangerous group and tried to strictly control them in terms of red purge and the spread of anti-communiste mood in Japan. The goal of minority policy under the mutual interest was to erase the traces of past heterogeneous empire. My analysis is that Chang`s texts took the strategy that separated himself from Jainicjhi community by arranging the SCApanese power as virtual reader during this period. Many Jainichi and Koreans fell dawn to the status of refugees because of severe minority policy and Korean war. Alas! Chosun represented the reality of being refugee through the metaphors of an asylum and orphan. In the novel, the protagonist was at the crossroads of North and South. However, Chang Hyuk-ju as a natural person, he finally chose the language and nationality of Japan.

스트레스 측정도구의 표준화 방안

장세진,차봉석,박종구,이은경 연세대학교 원주의과대학 1994 원주의대논문집 Vol.7 No.1

피로와 의료이용, 업무상 사고 및 질병결근

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,정진주,이철갑,강명근,현숙정,조정진,차봉석,박종구 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Objectives: This study examined the relationship of fatigue to medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project, 2002~2004). A total of 30,146 employees categorized within the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were recruited. A structured-questionnaire was used to assess the participants' sociodemo-graphics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, personality trait, self=perceived fatigue (MFS) and the frequency of medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Data on medical utilization and occupational accident were confirmed from company health records. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to elucidate the relationship of self-perceived fatigue to medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Results: In logistic regression analyses, self-perceived fatigue was associated with medical utilization (outpatient), occupational accident and sickness absence although the strength of the associations was higher in the blue collar workers except for medical utilization. For medical utilization, the white collar worker's adjusted odds ratios of outpatient utilization for workers scoring in the third quartile and the highest quartile, compared to workers scoring in the lowest quartile were 1.50 (95% CI: 1.20-1.87) and 2.16 (95% CI: 1.69-2.75), respectively. The blue collar workers' adjusted odds ratios of outpatient utilization for workers scoring in the second (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.06-1.43), third (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.22-1.66) and highest quartile (OR:1.83, 95% CI: 1.55-2.17), respectively, compared to workers scoring in the lowest quartile were statistically significant. However, no associations were found between fatigue and inpatient utilization for either the white or blue collar workers. The blue collar workers' adjusted odds ratios of being injured for workers scoring in the second, third and highest quartile were 1.41 (95% CI: 1.00-2.00), 1.57 (95% CI: 1.10-2.22) and 2.41 (95% CI: 1.69-3.44), respectively, compared to those scoring in the lowest quartile, but, those of the white collar workers were not significant. There was more likely to an increased risk of sickness absence in workers scoring in the second, third and highest quartile compared to those scoring in the lowest quartile in both white and blue collar workers, but the magnitudes of risk were higher in the blue collar workers than the white collars workers. Conclusion: This result suggests that fatigue is a determinant predictor of medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence, and that the pattern of risks for the three outcomes differs according to the occupational type. Some limitations of this study and considerations for future study were also discussed.

한국 여성사 정립을 위한 인물 유형 연구 : from Ancient Times to Tae-han Che-guk(大韓帝國) 고대에서 대한제국 시대까지

정세화,최숙경,이배용,장필화,김영미,박진숙 이화여대 한국여성연구소 1988 여성학논집 Vol.5 No.-

This study is an attempt to analyse the types of women recorded in historical documents. The categories are broadly divided in three areas; political, social and familial spheres. In the political sphere, three queens in Shilla period, the only period in Korean history when a queen was the supreme ruler, and women who had a formal right to be involved in the determination of soverign successor, to assume regency, and who had various informal political influence. In the social sphere, women's economic and religeous activities were examined. Also women specialists such as medicine women, shamans and kisaeng (entertainers) are examined in this category. In the familial sphere, conjugal relationships of first (legitimate) wives and concubines, and women's status and activities are investigated. The gradual establishment of patriarchal system initiated by the state, and the conflict of women's interests in the process was analysed. As a result of this preliminary analyses, it became clear that the social position of women in Korean history was constricted with the growth of the power of the state. In the case of ancient Korea and Koryo period women's status in the family was comparatively higher and their personal activities were freer although their political and social activities were restricted. As time progressed, the establishment and reinforcement of partriarchal system of the state based on confucian ideology had crucial importance on the position of women in society. The system of family was restructured and carefully monitored, and the members of the family were closely controlled. The state sought the material and ideological bases of the power through these control. As a result, the status of women became more structurally subjugated to make heads of the family, especially after the mid Choson dynasty.

철근콘크리트 휨부재의 피로특성에 관한 실험적 연구

김영진,노병철,장세창,변근주 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1991 논문집 Vol.23 No.2

In recent years, considerable interest has developed in the fatigue strength of reinforced concrete members subjected to cyclic loading for the wide-spread adoption of ultimate strength design procedures, the higher strength materials and the new recognition of the effect of repeated loading on structures such as bridges, concrete pavements and offshore structures. In this study, a series of experiments is carried out to investigate the fatigue characteristics of deformed bars and underreinforced simply supported beams, The 69 reinforcing bar specimens with grade SD30 and designation of D16, D22, D25, and 24 beam specimens with D16 bars are prepared for this study. From these series of tests, it is found that ⅰ) the decrease of the bar diameter results in increased fatigue life, ⅱ) the fatigue life of the bars embedded as main reinforcement within a concrete is longer than that of bars in the air. ⅲ) the fatigue strength of beams at ?? cycles with steel ratio of 0.61% and 1.22% is 64.5% and 63.2% of the yielding strength, respectively. It is concluded that the low steel ratio has no significant effect on fatigue strength of underreinforced beams and the fatigue life underreinforced concrete beams can be predicted conservatively by the fatigue life of reinforcing bar.

한국 여성운동과 걸스카우트운동 : 과거·현재·미래 Yesterday, Present and Tomorrow

정세화,이동원,김미숙,박진숙,장화경,홍승아 이화여대 한국여성연구소 1988 여성학논집 Vol.5 No.-

One of the major implications of women's movements seems to lie in the fact that it tends to promote women's consciousness-raising and, thus, heighten social status of women in general. It would be very much the case when discussion centers around the emergence of Korean women's movements in modern sense. Due to the socio-political atmospheres of the lathe 19th century Korean society, its basic characteristics owe to strong tones of patriotic nationalism under the slogan of "learning is might enough to deal with the imperialistic foreign powers of the time." As such, ever since the introduction of women's enlightenment movements of the time, Korean women's movements have provided for the advancement of egalitarian society. However, assessing the effectiveness of programs that are practiced by the existing women's organizations in Korea, it deserves mention in that most programs are for the adult female members, assuming it would only be applicable to those adults. In this regard, it can be said that the Korean Girl Scout organization has worked a unique role to make up such voids in women's movements - most programs developed and exercised by the Girl Scout are reserved for those young girls. For instance, special activities like social services, field campaigns, and international gatherings would definitely work a profound impact in the formation of gender-role stereotypes of the youth. The present study tries to examine the Korean Girl Scout movement being the case of women's movement organization. Discussion will cover such topics as; historical reviews of Korean Girl Scout movement, principal organizational goals and its practice in real life, and internal dynamics of members between "staffs" and the ordinary members themselves-on perceptions of the movement, evaluation of leaderships, and the future orientations of the Girl Scout, etc. Various research methods are employed. Book reviews, in-depth interviews, questionnaires, and participant observations are utilized, when the respective measurement is required. Major findings of the study can be summarized as follows: (1) Numbers of Girl Scout membership have declined since 1980, while revealing its utmost pick upto mid-70s. In terms of regional distributions of the members, both Seoul and Kyung-Nam Branches are the most prosperous. Whereas commemoration ceremonies and camping works are considered most impressive programs, membership trainings and field works are the lowest. About 70 percent of the members show their length of activities in Girl Scout less than one year. Most members are involved in the activities based on self-decision in order to have social services, club memberships, or self actualizations. They are satisfied with most of the programs, especially when participating in the social service programs. (2) As for the staff members, about half of the leaders in the headquarters are newly appointed. Whereas majority of the 'field' staffs are young (in their 20s, or 30s), other leaders are considered old (most of them are in their 40s, 50s, or 60s). Half of the leaders are involved in the activities for less than 5 years. They are recruited by either colleagues' or office seniors' recommendations. Reasons to participate in the movement are to have self-actualized or to have opportunity for social services. All in all, leaders are satisfied with the Girl Scout activities mainly because they can see their youth members progressing and developing. (3) Several issues for the better organizational managements seem to be related. prevalence of aspirational differences between leaders and members tends to cause psychological burdens. Other problematics such as lack of free communication networks, tensions due to cohort differences, authoritarian leadership styles, and financial difficulties would hinder Girl Scout movement more promising and popular to all. Based on the research findings, two major suggestions might be in order. First, underlying rationales of the Girl Scout movement should be reoriented. A special emphasis on the creation of self-supportive 'androgynous individuals' would be the case (in this regard, an intensive program targeted for those pre-school-aged members would be the most effective). As a way to achieve the strategic reformulation, reliance on the interdisciplinary program (for example, coordination with the university) will be one possibility. Secondly, an organizational management should be sufficiently considered. provisions (tangible and intangible) for the 'field leaders' being the key leader group in the Girl Scout movement should be afforded enough to keep their participations voluntary and continuous.

골반경수술의 임상적 고찰

강민창,조혜진,최상준,한세준,정혁 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2003 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.28 No.2

Objective: Pelviscopic surgery has been used in the treatment of some gynecologic disease. And now, it is applied in almost all cases of gynecologic disease. This study is performed to evaluate the clinical advantages of pelviscopic surgery and current circumstance of ORGY of chosun university hospital. Methods: From March, 2000 to February 2003, total 437 cases were received laparoscopic surgery on department of ORGY of Chosun University hospital. We reviewed the chart and analyzed these cases according to age, parity, clinical indication, operation type, duration of hospitalization, operation time and complication. Results: The results are summarized as follows, The mean age of patients was 42.5 years old with ranges between 15 and 61 years old and mean parity of the patients was 1.95. The common indications were uterine myoma (45.1%) , ovarian tumor (15.3%) and ectopic pregnancy (7.3%) and frequent types of surgery were laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) (46.9%) , salpingectomy (8.5%), oophorectomy (8.5%). The operation time was variable according to types of operation and difficulty and the mean duration of hospitalization was 4.27 days. The most frequent complication was hemorrhage at the trocar site. Conclusion: Pelviscopic surgery is useful and recommended for the treatment of gynecologic disease, because this is safe and has many advantages. So, we expect the number and indication of pelviscopic surgery will be increased in future. 목적 : 진단목적으로 시행되어오던 골반경 수술이 부인과 질환의 거의 모든 영역에서 적용되어있다. 이에 골반경 수술의 임상적 이점에 대해 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 연구방법 : 2000년 3월부터 2003년 2월가지 조선대학교 병원 산부인과에서 골반경 수술을 시행 받은 437명의 외래 및 입원기록을 검토하여 환자의 연령, 출산력, 골반경수술의 적응증, 수술종류 및 시간, 입원기간, 합병증을 분석하였다. 결과 : 2000년 3월부터 2003년 2월까지 시행한 437예의 골반경수술을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 환자들의 평균연령분포는 15세에서 61세 사이였고 평균 연령은 42.5세이었다. 평균 출산력은 1.95회이었다. 골반경 수술은 LAVH가 205예 (46.9%) 로 가장 많았고, 난관 절제술이 37예 (8.5%), 난소 적출술이 35예 (8.%), 난소부분절제술이 28예(6.4%) 이었다. 골반경 수술의 적응증은 자궁외 임신이 43예(86%), 자궁근종이 197예(61.2%), 난소종양이 82예(52.6%) 이었다. 수술시간은 수술의 종류 및 난이도에 따라 다양하였다. LAVH의 경우 평균 38.2분, 난소난관 절제술의 경우 평균 31.9분, 난관 절제술의 경우 평균 30.7분이 소요 되었다. 평균 실혈량은 LAVH가 1.16g/dl, 난관절제술은 0.94g/dl, 난소난관 절제술의 경우는 0.97g/dl이었다. 입원기간은 대부분 1일에서 5일 사이였으며, 평균 4.27일 이었다. 가장 많은 합병증은 트로카 천공부위 출혈이었다. 결론 : 본 연구의 결과로 골반경 수술은 현재 부인과 질환의 진단과 치료에 있어서 매우 유용하며 개복 수술을 대치하는 상황으로 나아가고 있다.