Causal Relations between Exposome and Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Hong-Qi Li,Yi-Wei Feng,Yu-Xiang Yang,Xin-Yi Leng,Prof Can Zhang,Shi-Dong Chen,Kevin Kuo,Shu-Yi Huang,Xue-Qing Zhang,Yi Dong,Xiang Han,Xin Cheng,Mei Cui,Lan Tan,Qiang Dong,Jin-Tai Yu 대한뇌졸중학회 2022 Journal of stroke Vol.24 No.2

Background and Purpose To explore the causal relationships of elements of the exposome with ischemic stroke and its subtypes at the omics level and to provide evidence for stroke prevention. Methods We conducted a Mendelian randomization study between exposure and any ischemic stroke (AIS) and its subtypes (large-artery atherosclerotic disease [LAD], cardioembolic stroke [CE], and small vessel disease [SVD]). The exposure dataset was the UK Biobank involving 361,194 subjects, and the outcome dataset was the MEGASTROKE consortium including 52,000 participants. Results We found that higher blood pressure (BP) (systolic BP: odds ratio [OR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.04; diastolic BP: OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.05; pulse pressure: OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.06), atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.25), and diabetes (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.18) were significantly associated with ischemic stroke. Importantly, higher education (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.79) decreased the risk of ischemic stroke. Higher systolic BP (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.10), pulse pressure (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.14), diabetes (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.45), and coronary artery disease (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.00) could cause LAD. Atrial fibrillation could cause CE (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.71 to 2.11). For SVD, higher systolic BP (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.07), diastolic BP (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.12), and diabetes (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.36) were causal factors. Conclusions The study revealed elements of the exposome causally linked to ischemic stroke and its subtypes, including conventional causal risk factors and novel protective factors such as higher education.

Polymorphisms in TYMS for Prediction of Capecitabine-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome in Chinese Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Si-Qi Dong,Tong-Min Wang,Jiang-Bo Zhang,Yong-Qiao He,Wen-Qiong Xue,Zi-Yi Wu,Da-Wei Yang,Lian-Jing Cao,Jing-Wen Huang,Xi-Zhao Li,Pei-Fen Zhang,Xiao-Hui Zheng,Wei-Hua Jia 대한암학회 2021 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.53 No.3

Purpose Capecitabine is an extensively used oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil in treatment of colon cancer and is known to cause hand-foot syndrome (HFS). As the target enzyme for capecitabine, thymidylate synthase (TYMS) plays a key role for 5-fluorouracil metabolism and has been associated with some side effects caused by capecitabine. The aim of our study is to identify the possible genetic predictors of capecitabine-induced HFS (CAP-HFS) in Chinese colorectal cancer patients.Materials and Methods Whole exons of TYMS were sequenced for 288 extreme phenotype HFS patients, including 144 severe or early-onset (first 2 cycles) moderate HFS extreme cases and 144 extreme controls with no reported HFS. The associations between polymorphisms and CAP-HFS were analyzed using logistic regression under an additive model.Results We identified a novel risk mutation (c.1A>G, chr18:657743), was associated with severe HFS in an extreme case who was affected during the first cycle of treatment. Moreover, we identified three new variants, rs3786362, rs699517, rs2790, and two previously reported variants, 5’VNTR 2R/3R and 3′-untranslated region 6-bp ins-del, which were significantly associated with CAP-HFS (p < 0.05). In silico analysis revealed that the effect of these polymorphisms in the TYMS region on the development of HFS might not be restricted solely to the regulation of TYMS expression, but also the TYMS catalytic activity through the indirect effect on ENOSF1 expression.Conclusion This study identified new polymorphisms in TYMS gene significantly associated with CAP-HFS, which may serve as useful genetic predictors for CAP-HFS and help to elucidate the underlying mechanism of HFS.

A Study on Tooth Modification and Radiation Noise of a Manual Transaxle

Qi Zhang,류성기,강재화,Wei Dong 한국정밀공학회 2012 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

In recent years, there is a trend that lower gear noise levels are demanded for drivers to avoid annoyance and fatigue during operation. For the manual transaxle, meshing transmission error (T.E.) is the excitation that leads to the tonal noise known as gear whine, and radiated gear whine is also the dominant source of noise in the whole gearbox. This paper presents a method for the various interaction analysis of gear tooth profile and lead crowning modification, and the prediction of transmission error under the loaded torques for the 3rd gear pairs of two proposalsin the manual transaxle. And transmission error, root stress and contact stress are also calculated and compared before and after tooth micromodification under one torque. At last, the gear whine noise of the 3rd gear in WOT (Wide Open Throttle) and the coasting operation condition is investigated and compared between the two proposals. The simulation and test show that the transmission error and contact stress under the loaded torque can be minimized by the appropriate tooth modification. It is a good approach which the simulated result is used to improve the design in order to minimize the radiation gear whine noise.

Lead ion detection using glutathione-functionalized aluminum gallium nitride/gallium nitride high-electron-mobility transistors

Dong Xiaohu,Jiang Xuecheng,Gu Yan,Wei Chunlei,Xie Zhijian,Zhang Qi,Qian Weiying,Zhang Xiangyang,Zhu Chun,Lu Naiyan,Chen Guoqing,Yang Guofeng 한국물리학회 2023 Current Applied Physics Vol.50 No.-

This work presents a new approach for lead ion detection (Pb2+) using an aluminum gallium nitride/gallium nitride (AlGaN/GaN) high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) sensor. The AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure of the sensor was realized by functionalizing the gate area with glutathione (GSH). The crystalline and surface qualities of the AlGaN film were measured through X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The response of the sensor was measured in terms of the source–drain current with varying concentrations of Pb2+ ions at a fixed drain-to-source voltage. The sensitivity of the sensor was 29.3 μA/(mg/L), and it exhibited high selectivity toward Pb2+. The results show that using the GSH-functionalized AlGaN/GaN HEMT sensor is a promising strategy for Pb2+ ion detection.

A New Lathyrane Diterpenoid from the Whole Plant of Euphorbia altotibetica

Zhang, Zhan-Xin,Qi, Feng-Ming,Li, Hui-Hong,Dong, Le-Le,Hai, Yang,Fan, Gai-Xia,Fei, Dong-Qing Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.2

A New Halimane Diterpenoid from Croton crassifolius

Zhang, Zhan-Xin,Li, Hui-Hong,Qi, Feng-Ming,Xiong, Hui-Yan,Dong, Le-Le,Fan, Gai-Xia,Fei, Dong-Qing Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.5

Intercomparison of ADC-Lite Images on UAV and TM Simulation Data for Soybean Leaf Area Index Retrieval

Qi Zhang,Zhongbin Su,Guijun Yang,Minghui Wang,Weizheng Shen,Xiaowei Teng,Jinhui Dong 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.7

Currently, TM images has a very high practical value and widely used in all aspects of agricultural. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) remote sensing platform mounted ADC-Lite multi-spectral sensor has consistent channels response functions with TM sensor in TM2, TM3 and TM4, demonstrated to compete with TM sensor, due to low operational cost, high operational flexibility, high spatial resolution of imagery (0.018m with flight altitude 50m) and heterogeneity both at time and spatial-scale. In order to make sure whether it has widely used as TM sensor, moreover, the aim of this work is to assess ADC-Lite performance such as its adaptability and practicability. In this paper, ADC-Lite multi-spectral data, ground truth ASD hyperspectral and Leaf area index (LAI) data were acquired in soybean planting area, Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province on September18th, 2015. Since the ADC-Lite has different spatial scales with TM, this paper used TM simulation data transformed by ground truth ASD data, constructed LAI inversion model by empirical model based on two sensors and ground measured data, using 5 vegetation indices: ratio vegetation index (RVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil adjust vegetation index (SAVI), difference vegetation index (DVI) and triangular vegetation index (TVI). Determination coefficient R2, root mean square error (RMSE) and the estimation accuracy (EA) 3 indicators were acquired to assess the model. This work suggests that the established model of ADC-Lite sensor with TM simulation sensor has high consistency in accuracy. NDVI linear regression model derived from both of them presented a strong correlation with ground-measured LAI. It’s preliminarily shown that ADC-Lite images assess soybean LAI is feasible. This is anticipated to have tremendous implications that ADC-Lite can be made supplement for existing satellites, aerial and ground sensing, provide important information for Crop condition monitoring and critical data to support crop maturity, nutrition monitoring and fertilization management.

Pretreatments of Broussonetia papyrifera: in vitro assessment on gas and methane production, fermentation characteristic, and methanogenic archaea profile

Dong Lifeng,Gao Yanhua,Jing Xuelan,Guo Huiping,Zhang Hongsen,Lai Qi,Diao Qiyu 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.9

Objective: The present study was conducted to examine the gas production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community composition of a rumen fluid culture with Broussonetia papyrifera (B. papyrifera) subjected to ensiling or steam explosion (SE) pretreatment. Methods: Fresh B. papyrifera was collected and pretreated by ensiling or SE, which was then fermented with ruminal fluids as ensiled B. papyrifera group, steam-exploded B. papyrifera group, and untreated B. papyrifera group. The gas and methane production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community were determined during the fermentation. Results: Cumulative methane production was significantly improved with SE pretreatment compared with ensiled or untreated biomass accompanied with more volatile fatty acids production. After 72 h incubation, SE and ensiling pretreatments decreased the acid detergent fiber contents by 39.4% and 22.9%, and neutral detergent fiber contents by 10.6% and 47.2%, respectively. Changes of methanogenic diversity and abundance of methanogenic archaea corresponded to the variations in fermentation pattern and methane production. Conclusion: Compared with ensiling pretreatment, SE can be a promising technique for the efficient utilization of B. papyrifera, which would contribute to sustainable livestock production systems. Objective: The present study was conducted to examine the gas production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community composition of a rumen fluid culture with Broussonetia papyrifera (B. papyrifera) subjected to ensiling or steam explosion (SE) pretreatment.Methods: Fresh B. papyrifera was collected and pretreated by ensiling or SE, which was then fermented with ruminal fluids as ensiled B. papyrifera group, steam-exploded B. papyrifera group, and untreated B. papyrifera group. The gas and methane production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community were determined during the fermentation.Results: Cumulative methane production was significantly improved with SE pretreatment compared with ensiled or untreated biomass accompanied with more volatile fatty acids production. After 72 h incubation, SE and ensiling pretreatments decreased the acid detergent fiber contents by 39.4% and 22.9%, and neutral detergent fiber contents by 10.6% and 47.2%, respectively. Changes of methanogenic diversity and abundance of methanogenic archaea corresponded to the variations in fermentation pattern and methane production.Conclusion: Compared with ensiling pretreatment, SE can be a promising technique for the efficient utilization of B. papyrifera, which would contribute to sustainable livestock production systems.

Impact of Caspase-8 (CASP8) -652 6N Del and D302H Polymorphisms on Prostate Cancer in Different Ethnic Groups

Zhang, Cheng-Dong,Li, Hong-Tao,Liu, Kun,Lin, Zhi-Di,Peng, Qi-Liu,Qin, Xue,He, Min,Wu, Hua,Mo, Zeng-Nan,Yang, Xiao-Li Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.18

Background: Despite evidence suggesting roles for caspase-8 (CASP8) -652 6N del and D302H polymorphisms in prostate cancer (PCa), the association of these polymorphisms with PCa risk remains inconclusive. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to more precisely estimate the association of CASP8 -652 6N del and D302H polymorphisms with PCa susceptibility. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify all case-control studies of CASP8 D302H and -652 6N del polymorphisms and PCa risk. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association and the precision of the estimate, respectively. Results: Nine -625 6N del studies and 4 D302H studies were included. CASP8 -652 6N del and D302H polymorphisms were not significantly associated with PCa risk in the overall analyses. However, in the subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, -625 6N del was significantly associated with PCa risk in the East Asian and Indian populations under the recessive model. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis strongly suggested that D302H was associated with lower PCa risk in the Non-Indian population under the dominant model. Conclusions: In our meta-analysis, ethnic-specific differences were evident in the association of CASP8-625 6N del and D302H polymorphisms with PCa risk.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Norovirus Outbreaks in Shenyang from 2017 to 2021

Qi Ying,Dong Xinxin,Cheng Xiaowei,Xu Han,Wang Jin,Wang Bing,Chen Ye,Sun Baijun,Zhang Linlin,Yao Yan 한국미생물학회 2023 The journal of microbiology Vol.61 No.4

Norovirus is one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. This study aimed to identify the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks and to provide evidence for public health entities. Specimens and epidemiological survey data were collected to determine if there were differences in the attack rate of norovirus in terms of the year, season, transmission route, exposure setting, and region and to determine whether there were relationships between the reporting interval, the number of illnesses in a single outbreak and the duration of the outbreak. Norovirus outbreaks were reported throughout the year, with seasonal characteristics (i.e., high rates in spring and winter). Among all regions in Shenyang with the exception of Huanggu and Liaozhong, norovirus outbreaks had been reported, and the primary genotype was GII.2[P16]. Vomiting was the most common symptom. The main places of occurrence were childcare institutions and schools. The person-to-person route was the main transmission route. The median duration of norovirus was 3 days (IQR [interquartile range]: 2–6 days), the median reporting interval was 2 days (IQR: 1–4 days), the median number of illnesses in a single outbreak was 16 (IQR: 10–25); there was a positive correlation between these parameters. Norovirus surveillance and genotyping studies still need to be further strengthened to increase knowledge regarding the pathogens and their variant characteristics, to better characterize the patterns of norovirus outbreaks and to provide information for outbreak prevention. Norovirus outbreaks should be detected, reported and handled early. Public health entities and the government should develop corresponding measures for different seasons, transmission routes, exposure settings, and regions.