L-Leucine increases the daily body temperature and affords thermotolerance in broiler chicks

Guofeng Han,Hui Yang,Yunhao Wang,Shogo Haraguchi,Takuro Miyazaki,Takashi Bungo,Kosuke Tashiro,Mitsuhiro Furuse,Vishwajit S. Chowdhury 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.6

Objective: Heat stress poses an increasing threat for poultry production. Some amino acids have been found to play critical roles in affording thermotolerance. Recently, it was found that in ovo administration of L-leucine (L-Leu) altered amino acid metabolism and afforded thermotolerance in heat-exposed broiler chicks. Methods: In this study, two doses (35 and 70 μmol/egg) of L-Leu were administered in ovo on embryonic day 7 to determine their effect on rectal temperature (RT), body weight (BW) and thyroid hormones at hatching. Changes in RT, BW, and thermotolerance in post-hatched chicks were also analyzed. Results: It was found that in ovo administration of L-Leu dose-dependently reduced RT and plasma thyroxine (T4) level just after hatching. In post-hatched neonatal broiler chicks, however, the higher dose of L-Leu administered in ovo significantly increased RT without affecting BW gain. In chicks that had been exposed to heat stress, the RT was significantly lowered by in ovo administration of L-Leu (high dose) in comparison with the control chicks under the same high ambient temperature (HT: 35°C±1°C, 120 min). Conclusion: In ovo administration of L-Leu in a high dose contributed to an increased daily body temperature and afforded thermotolerance under HT in neonatal broiler chicks.

Punicalagin Reversed the Hepatic Injury of Tetrachloromethane by Antioxidation and Enhancement of Autophagy

Jingfang Luo,Yi Long,Guofeng Ren,Yahui Zhang,Jihua Chen,Ruixue Huang,Lina Yang 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.12

Hepatic injury is significant in the pathogenesis and development of many types of liver diseases. Punicalagin (PU) is a bioactive antioxidant polyphenol found in pomegranates. To explore its protective effect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury and the mechanism, Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice and L02 cells were used to observe the changes of serum biochemical indicators, histopathological liver structure, cell viability, antioxidative indices, and autophagy-related proteins were assessed. In ICR mice, PU ameliorated the CCl4-induced increase of the serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, the activity of liver lactate dehydrogenase, and the damage of histopathological structure, and exhibited a hepatoprotective effect against CCl4. PU attenuated oxidative stress by decreasing the liver malondialdehyde level and increasing the activities of liver superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and the expression of the liver nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) protein. Furthermore, according to the vivo and vitro experiments, PU might activate autophagy through the mediation of the Akt/FOXO3a and P62/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that PU may protect against CCl4-induced liver injury through the upregulation of antioxidative activities and autophagy.

Study on surface defects in milling Inconel 718 super alloy

Liu Chang,Ren Chengzu,Wang Guofeng,Yang Yinwei,Zhang Lu 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.4

Nickel-based alloys have been extensively used as critical components in aerospace industry, especially in the key section of aeroengine. In general, these sections are manufactured by milling process because most of them have complex forms. However, surfacedefects appear frequently in milling due to periodic impact force, which leads to the deterioration of the fatigue life. We conducted millingexperiments under different cutting conditions and found that four kinds of defects, i.e., tear, cavity, build up edge (BUE) and groove,commonly appear on the machined surface. Based on the observed results, the morphology and generation regime of these defects areanalyzed and the carbide particle cracking is discussed to explain the appearance of the nickel alloy defects. To study the effect of thecutting parameters on the severity of these surface defects, two qualitative indicators, which are named as average number of the defectsper field and average area ratio of the defects per field, are presented and the influence laws are summarized based on the results correspondingly. This study is helpful for understanding the generation mechanism of the surface defects during milling process of nickelbased super alloy.

Efficient removal of methylene blue via two-step modification hazelnut shell biochar: Process intensification, kinetics and thermodynamics

Fanhui Guo,Sixi Guo,Yanjie Niu,Guofeng Qiu,Yang Guo,Yan Li,Liqing Chen,Yixin Zhang,Jianjun Wu 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.125 No.-

Porous carbon materials with ultra-high specific surface area and adjustable pore structure characteristicswere prepared from food industry waste hazelnut shells for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB)wastewater by two-step activation by impregnation with ZnCl2 followed by chemical activation withKOH. The Fusso effect, which can reduce the size of MB molecules, was further used to enhance theadsorption of MB on porous carbon. The results show that both HSBC-a and HSBC-a-b have ultra-highspecific surface area (2979.59 m2/g for HSBC-a, 2882.73 m2/g for HSBC-a-b). The mesopore ratio ofHSBC-a-b (Vmeso/Vtotal % = 14.05%) was doubled compared to HSBC-a. It showed an excellent adsorptionperformance of 694.03 mg/g for MB. It showed a fast adsorption kinetics and the adsorbed amountincreased to 882.46 mg/g at 0.1 M NaCl solution. In addition, adsorption processes were studied usingadsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm model fitting. The results of this research confirm that hazelnutshell is a kind of promising and sustainable porous carbon raw material, and its ultra-high specificsurface area and adjustable pore structure characteristics are favorable for the efficient treatment ofMB from dyeing wastewater. This work could provide potential guidance for the high-value utilizationof waste hazelnut shell biochar.

Hepatocellular carcinoma prediction model performance decreases with long-term antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients

Xiaoning Wu,Xiaoqian Xu,Jialing Zhou,Yameng Sun,Huiguo Ding,Wen Xie,Guofeng Chen,Anlin Ma,Hongxin Piao,Bingqiong Wang,Shuyan Chen,Tongtong Meng,Xiaojuan Ou,Hwai-I Yang,Jidong Jia,Yuanyuan Kong,Hong Yo 대한간학회 2023 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.29 No.3

Background/Aims: Existing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prediction models are derived mainly from pretreatment or early on-treatment parameters. We reassessed the dynamic changes in the performance of 17 HCC models in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during long-term antiviral therapy (AVT). Methods: Among 987 CHB patients administered long-term entecavir therapy, 660 patients had 8 years of follow-up data. Model scores were calculated using on-treatment values at 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5 years of AVT to predict threeyear HCC occurrence. Model performance was assessed with the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). The original model cutoffs to distinguish different levels of HCC risk were evaluated by the log-rank test. Results: The AUROCs of the 17 HCC models varied from 0.51 to 0.78 when using on-treatment scores from years 2.5 to 5. Models with a cirrhosis variable showed numerically higher AUROCs (pooled at 0.65–0.73 for treated, untreated, or mixed treatment models) than models without (treated or mixed models: 0.61–0.68; untreated models: 0.51–0.59). Stratification into low, intermediate, and high-risk levels using the original cutoff values could no longer reflect the true HCC incidence using scores after 3.5 years of AVT for models without cirrhosis and after 4 years of AVT for models with cirrhosis. Conclusions: The performance of existing HCC prediction models, especially models without the cirrhosis variable, decreased in CHB patients on long-term AVT. The optimization of existing models or the development of novel models for better HCC prediction during long-term AVT is warranted.

Lead ion detection using glutathione-functionalized aluminum gallium nitride/gallium nitride high-electron-mobility transistors

Dong Xiaohu,Jiang Xuecheng,Gu Yan,Wei Chunlei,Xie Zhijian,Zhang Qi,Qian Weiying,Zhang Xiangyang,Zhu Chun,Lu Naiyan,Chen Guoqing,Yang Guofeng 한국물리학회 2023 Current Applied Physics Vol.50 No.-

This work presents a new approach for lead ion detection (Pb2+) using an aluminum gallium nitride/gallium nitride (AlGaN/GaN) high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) sensor. The AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure of the sensor was realized by functionalizing the gate area with glutathione (GSH). The crystalline and surface qualities of the AlGaN film were measured through X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The response of the sensor was measured in terms of the source–drain current with varying concentrations of Pb2+ ions at a fixed drain-to-source voltage. The sensitivity of the sensor was 29.3 μA/(mg/L), and it exhibited high selectivity toward Pb2+. The results show that using the GSH-functionalized AlGaN/GaN HEMT sensor is a promising strategy for Pb2+ ion detection.